정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

자일리톨, 후노란, 제2인산칼슘 및 카제인포스포펩타이드배합껌이 법랑질의 광질재침착에 미치는 영향에 관한 실용실험연구

이병진,배광학,박우철,양준영,황수정,노정,백대일,김종배 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

The object of this study was to investigate caries preventive effect of chewing gum containing xylitol, funoran, calcium hydrogen phosphate and casein phosphopeptide by examining Vickers' hardness and surface roughness with confocal laser microscope. Early caries-like lesions were created using 0.1 M lactic acid-sodium hydroxide buffer(pH 4.0). 8 pieces of 3am diameter bovine enamel specimen with early caries-like lesions were mounted into the recesses of lingual surface of the acrylic mandibular removable appliance. 13 subjects were the appliance for daytime and chewed control and experimental gums 7 times in a day, for 3 days. In order to evaluate the remineralization effect of chewing gum on specimens, we measured vickers' hardness number after chewing gum, 1 day, 2 days, 3 days after and calculated surface roughness immediately after chewing gum. Vickers' hardness number of experimental chewing gum was significantly higher than control in 2 and 3 days after. Surface roughness of experimental chewing gum was significantly lower than control immediately after chewing gum. These results showed that experimental gum has more effective in remineralization of bovine tooth enamel, and it is more effective at immediately after chewing.

캔음료중 epichlorohydrin 의분석법에 관한 연구

이광호,곽인신,최재천,전대훈,김형일,강경모,최병희,김귀정,이철원 식품의약품안전청 2001 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.5 No.-

캔식품중에 잔류하는 epichlorohydrin을 분석하기 위한 pu링e & trap-Cc/uf통D 분석법을 확립하여 캔의 lacauer 코팅제에서 식품으로 이행되어 잔류하는 epichtorohydfn을 측정하고, 식품유사용매에 의한 용출시험을 통해 일일추정섭취량을 산출하였다. epichlorohydrin의 검량선은 y=0.0006x+0.OO6?(R큰0.9983)의 직선성·라 0.05#ga의 검출한계를 나타내었다. 각종 음료 및 식품유사용매에 일정량의 epichlorohydrin을 첨가한 후 분석하였을 때 회수을은 72~91%였으며, 실제 시판되는 f5건의 캔음료 중 잔류하는 epichlorohydrin을 측정한 결과 모든 캔음료에서 검출한계(0.1#94) 이하였다. 제관업체에서 구입한 modifed epoxy, epoxy phenolic, vinyl organosol, epoxy phenol ester 등의 BADGE(bisphenol A diglycidyt ether)형 에폭시수지로 lacquer 코팅된 식품용 캔에 식품윤사용매인 10% 또는 95% 에탄올을 층L진한 후 90~121'c의 드라이오븐에서 30분~2시간동안 용출시켰을 패 캔의 lacquer 코팅재에서 식품유사용매로 이행되는 epichBorollydirn은 코팅재질, 그리고 가열온도 및 시간에 문관하게 모든 캔에서 검출한계(0.4#ga)이하 였다. 위의 용출결과를 FD.f_의 "Recommendation for Chemistry Data for Indirect Food Additive Petition" 윽 일일추정섭취량 산출법에 적용하여 얻은 epichtorohydrin의 일딜추정 섭 취 량은 0.2r조persorday이하였다. A sensitive ana1?~7tical method based on gas cl)romatogFapy~mass spectrometry with a selected ion monitoring (GE/hfS-Slhf) and the purge-and-trap concentrator ))·asdeveloped for determining ot'epicillorohydrin in canr;ed be)#erages coated with eporl· resin. Thecalibration rurve in the ranre of 0.j ~50nr had'correlation coefficient of 0.9983 and detection limit of 0.Osrga. Recoveries of epichlorohydrin spiked to beverages were in the range of 72 ~91% with detection limits of 0.1 #ga. fn survey of epichlorohydff in twenty commercialcanned beverage samples, epichlorohydrin was not found in all the samples with the detectionlimit of 0.1 r9a. In migration test of various cans coated with BADGE-based coating cans;modifed epoxy, epoxy phenolic, vinyl organosol, epox?· phenol ester were exposed to the foodsimulants of 10% ethanol and 95% ethanol. flfo delectable epichlorohydrin migrated to foodsiHulants was found in aTl the cars with detection Jimit of 0.4 #9/L. Using the miEration data,along uTith the applicstion of food and beverage cans complied with FDA's "Recommendationfor Chemlstry Data f,3r Indirect Food Additive Petition" , the potential dietary exposure toepichlorohydrin was estlmated to be under 0.2rf/person/day.

한국 어린이와 성인의 표준잇솔규격개발에 관한 연구

이원재,이병진,배광학,김영수,노정,문혁수,백대일,김종배 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.4

Purpose of this study was to obtain basic anatomical data for developing optimal toothbrush which is appropriate for Koreans Dental study models were examined by measuring the length from labial midline of deciduous canine to distal surface of deciduous second molar, from labial midline of permanent canine to distal surface of second premolar, from mesial surface permanent first molar to distal surface of permanent second molar, cervico-incisal length of deciduous central incisor, cervico-incisal length of permanent central incisor, from mesiobuccal cusp of deciduous maxillary second molar to mesiolingual cusp of deciduous maxillary second molar, from mesiobuccal cusp of permanent maxillary first molar to mesiolingual cusp of permanent maxillary first molar, from distolinual cusp of deciduous mandibular second molar to mesiolingual cusp of deciduous mandibular second molar, from mesiobuccal cusp of permanent mandibular first molar to mesiolingual cusp of permanent mandiblar second molar in 241 subjects. And the width of right hand was examined on each subjects by measuring the length of landmarks which were selected in handwrist X-ray film. Commercial toothbrushes sold in Korea were collected and the head length, head width, bristle length and handle length of toothbrushes were measured. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The head length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was less than 21.8 mm. The head width length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was less than 8.4 mm. The bristle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was more than 5.7 mm. The handle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 6 to 8 was more than 84.3 mm. 2. The head length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was less than 20.4 mm. The head width length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was less than 8.4 mm. The bristle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was more than 9.3 mm. The handle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged 9 to 11 was more than 95.2 mm. 3. The head length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was less than 25.5 mm. The head width length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was less than 8.6 mm. The bristle length of toothbrush which wee appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was more than 9.6 mm. The handle length of toothbrush which were appropriate for Koreans aged over 12 was more than 101.1 mm. 4. Some toothbrush for children was not appropriate because of its big size, and toothbrush sells in Korea must be diversified for appropriate selection.

석회석을 이용한 칼사이트형 탄산칼슘의 제조 및 분산특성 연구

이재장,박종력,김병곤,장광택 강원대학교 부설 석재복합신소재 제품연구센터 2002 석재연 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

석회석은 국내 비금속 광물자원의 대부분을 차지하며 강원도와 충북 등의 일부지역에 편재되어 부존하고 있다. 그러나 CaO 함량이 54% 이상인 고품위 석회석은 전체 매장량의 5% 이하로 매우 빈약한 편이다. 더욱이 대분분의 생산량이 1차 산업용으로 사용되어 부가가치가 낮은 용도로 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 석회석의 부가가치를 향상시키기 위하여 칼사이트형 침강성 탄산칼슘을 탄산화법을 이용하여 합성하고자 하였으며, 합성된 탄산칼슘 분체 및 현탁액의 분산안정성에 대하여 조사하였다. 분산이 양호하고 균일한 입도의 칼사이트 분체를 얻기 위해서는 CaO 농도 3%, CO_2 가스 유입량 300㎖/min, 교반속도 1,000 rpm에서 탄산화반응시 반응온도를 10~30℃로 유지하여야 함을 알 수 있었으며, 현탁액의 분산안정제로 PMAA와 PAA를 첨가제로 사용시 pH 6, 9, 12에서 0.2 wt% 첨가할 때 우수한 분산안정성을 나타내었다. A limestone reserves in korea is comparatively enough and reserved mainly in Kangwon-do and Chungchongbuk-do. However, it is known that limestone of high grade, more than 54% CaO, is about under 5% of total reserves. Besides, most of them are used for manufacture of cement as a primary material of low value. In this study, calcite type calcium carbonate powder or slurry was synthesized by carbonation process using limestone and dispersion properties of the prepared calcium carbonate suspension was investigated. In the carbonation reaction, the temperature of lime milk must be kept 10∼30℃, CaO consentration of 3%, stirring rate of 1,000 rpm and CO_2 gas flow rate 300㎖/min to manufacture stable dispersion calcite. Also, in the result of measuring the precipitation height of calcite suspension at pH 6, 9 and 12 as a function of the PMAA and PAA content, stable dispersion properties was observed at 0.2 wt% of PMAA and PAA. This may be due to the formation of the distinct adsorption layer between calcite particles by dispersant.

프로폴리스 농도가 항균활성에 미치는 영향

김병문,송근호,이광래 江原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2007 産業技術硏究 Vol.27 No.B

The objetives of this study are to set up optimum extraction temperature, time and organic solvent for propolis extraction, to investigate chemical properties, and to develop health foods from propolis preparation. In this study, ethanol and ultrasonic extracts method performed to optimum extraction temperature was at 60, 2012, optimum extraction time was at 12, 4 hours and optimum extraction amount of solvent was at 20, 15 times of propolis weight. When various ethanol solutions were used, whereas flavonoid content was highest in 70, 80% aqueous ethanol, respectively. So the ultrasonic extracts method used gave better results than the ethanol extracts method in this work. Extraction of propolis with etanol and ultrasonic extracts method was performed by using the water and various concentrations of aqueous ethanol as solvent. Sensidvity of propolis samples to Staphylococcus aureus was invesdgated and the results were shown. Samples of water extract did not inhibit microbial growth, where as 50% aqueous ethanol extract the largest inhibitory zone for Staphylococcus aureus, then decreased inhibition with increasing ethanol concentrations.

공간구성 및 복지지원 서비스 측면에서 살펴본 공공업무시설의 시설적·제도적 개선 방안 : 전국 44개 시청 및 구청의 실태조사를 통하여

윤영삼,이인기,강병근,김상운,성기창,박광재 한국의료복지시설학회 2006 의료·복지 건축 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study is to suggest institutional reformation of public office facilities by analysis the status of services on welfare for the aged and disabled. For this study, we have researched and analyzed on two different aspects. The aspects are space composition of public office facilities, welfare systems and service support within region. And we can get the following important points as conclusion; ① We need to consider on not only access for public office facilities site hut also the connection on business such as block plan on zone and connection between quarters. Architectural plan has to be considered. ② Most of the public office facilities use human service resources as a supporting system for shortage of convenient facilities. Variety of welfare services are required. ③ We need to secure various programs and space for local peculiarities and social demand.

일부 시판세치제의 비교치아마모도 및 경과시간에 따른 유효불소농도변화에 관한 연구

장덕수,이병진,배광학,방금석,이원재,노정,백대일,김종배 대한구강보건학회 2003 大韓口腔保健學會誌 Vol.27 No.3

The purpose of this study was to assess relative tooth abrasivity and to measure effective fluoride concentration of dentifrices selling in Korea for help consumer's selection of suitable dentifrice. Assessment of the abrasion on tooth produced by different dentifrices were carried out on bovine teeth in the laboratory and tested by radioactive dentin abrasion method. And total soluble fluoride concentrations within the dentifrices was determined using fluoride ion selective electrode with standard curve obtained from standard solutions of known fluoride concentration. 10 dentifrice samples were stored at 49t for 15 weeks and the measurements were made for each dentifrice in 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 13 weeks and 15 weeks and 11 dentifrice samples were stored at 40.6C for 3 weeks and the measurements were made for each dentifrice in 1 week and 3 weeks. Tooth abrasivity of selling dentifrices is suitable for toothbrushing but dentifrice which recommended for patient who have tooth abrasion or erosion was somewhat high abrasivity level. Effective fluoride concentrations of selling dentifrices were maintained generally optimal level. But some dentifrices contaning CaCO_(3), as abrasive were decreased as time elapsed. It was suggested that relative tooth abrasivity must be marked on package and fluoride level should be maintained acceptable level in dentifrices for consumer's selection of suitable dentifrice.

통합학교의 장애인 편의시설 실태와 개선방안에 관한 연구 : 수도권내 초등학교를 중심으로

변성헌,이규일,김상운,성기창,박광재,강병근 한국의료복지시설학회 2006 의료·복지 건축 Vol.12 No.1

This study was intended to present the proper operational scheme and present the criterion for establishment of proper convenient facilities and its planning method and the proper method of laying all sorts of teaching aids out. For this purpose, it attempted to investigate the type of crippled disorder and the behavioral characteristics of schoolchildren with crippled disorder with a focus on the descriptive study on disabled schoolchildren receiving complete integrated education. And it sought to analyze the present situation of complete integrated education and the case of integrated education and dissect the realities of its operation and the realities of the establishment of convenient facilities for disabled schoolchildren with a focus on the survey research.

固定化 酵素에 의한 에탄올 生成의 反應特性에 관한 硏究

崔乘載,金廣,李秉學 단국대학교 1986 論文集 Vol.20 No.-

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells were immobilized in calcium alginate beads for use in the continuous production of ethanol. The yeast cells converted 92.4% of the 10%(W.V) glucose to ethanol within 48 hrs and maintained such a conversion rate for at least 3 days. Yield, in mass of etharl01 produced to mass of 10%(W/V)glucose consumed is quite high, 0.47(Y_p/s) in average. The reaction behavior of the immobilized resting yeast and immobilized growing yeast are presented. For both of the yeasts, reaction rates are expressed, by the Michaelis-Menten equation with a linear ethanol inhibition factor. The Michaelis constants are larger than that of native S. cerevisiae. The pH change affects the metabolic activity of yeast and was resulted from the high activity of the growing yeast. This effect of PH is caused by the K_m difference. Distribution of the growing yeast cell inside the carrier gel is presented. It is found that the cell density is somewhat higher near the surface of the carrier.