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구한나,박인경,박하영,성초아,장다엘,홍은민 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2012 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.46
Purpose: This study was to grasp women’s knowledge about Breast Self-examination. Methods: We collected data from 317 women who lives in certain city, Korea using structured questionnaire from 5th, August to 20th, September. The collected data was analyzed by SPSS 19.0. Results: The average score of women’ Breast Self-examination knowledge was 6.79±3.68 (of 17). There are three categories in knowledge about Breast Self-examination. Average score of category is 2.31 ± 0.71(of 4) for knowledge of breast cancer, 2.11 ± 0.57(of 5) for knowledge of breast cancer symptom, 2.37 ± 0.45(of 8) for knowledge of Breast Self-examination. Knowledge about Breast Self-examination according to general characteristics varied significantly for different age, marital status, education, and history of breast disease. Knowledge about Breast Self-examination according to characteristics related Breast examination was higher for women who received Breast Self-examination education, received Breast Self-examination education by lecture, performed Breast Self-examination, and who received Clinical Breast Examination Conclusion: People who are teenager and over sixties, their knowledge of Breast Self-examination was low. Therefore, effective Breast Self-examination education program should be provided for women who are teenager and over sixties to promote their Breast Self-examination practice regularly.
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콜라겐, 식초의 복합식이가 40대-60대 여성의 두피 및 미만성탈모에 미치는 영향
이하나 ( Ha Na Lee ),강상모 ( Sang Mo Kang ),조희숙 ( Hee Sook Cho2 ) 한국미용학회 2012 한국미용학회지 Vol.18 No.2
In scalp and diffuse alopecia, the complex diet of collagen and vinegar substantially decreased scalp sebum output, microbial quantity, keratin quantity, erythema and pigment quantity, pH than the control group and the alone group. In particular, in the hair number of 5 mm2 on the center of the scalp and the hair number per hair follicle, the complex diet of collagen and vinegar increased by 2.5 times than the changes which the number of the collagen group`s hair increases, and the number of the hair per hair follicle substantially increased as 1.6 times. In conclusion, in a clinical research for women in their 40s-60s whose gastric secretion function is presumed to fall and who have a diffuse alopecia, the complex diet of collagen and vinegar, protein hydrolysate, the complex diet of collagen and vinegar was better in the absorption than the intake of only collagen because it had a better effect on the improvement of the scalp and diffuse alopecia than a single diet.
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이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1
연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.
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Regulation of Adenosine-activated GIRK Channels by Gq-coupled Receptors in Mouse Atrial Myocytes
Cho, Ha-Na The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2010 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.14 No.3
Adenosine (Ado) is an important mediator of the endogenous defense against ischemia-induced injury in the heart. The action of Ado is mediated by activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying $K^+$ (GIRK) channels. In turn, GIRK channels are inhibited by reducing phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate ($PIP_2$) through Gq protein-coupled receptors (GqPCRs). We previously found that GIRK channels activated by acetylcholine, a muscarinic M2 acetylcholine receptor agonist, are inhibited by GqPCRs in a receptor-specific manner. However, it is not known whether GIRK channels activated by Ado signaling are also regulated by GqPCRs. Presently, this was investigated in mouse atrial myocytes using the patch clamp technique. GIRK channels were activated by $100\;{\mu}M$ Ado. When Ado was repetitively applied at intervals of 5~6 min, the amplitude of second Ado-activated GIRK currents ($I_{K(Ado)}$) was $88.3{\pm}3.7%$ of the first $I_{K(Ado)}$ in the control. Pretreatment of atrial myocytes with phenylephrine, endothelin-1, or bradykinin prior to a second application of Ado reduced the amplitude of the second $I_{K(Ado)}$ to $25.5{\pm}11.6%$, $30.5{\pm}5.6%$, and $96.0{\pm}2.7%$, respectively. The potency of $I_{K(Ado)}$ inhibition by GqPCRs was different with that observed in acetylcholine-activated GIRK currents ($I_{K(ACh)}$) (endothelin-1>phenylephrine>bradykinin). $I_{K(Ado)}$ was almost completely inhibited by $500\;{\mu}M$ of the $PIP_2$ scavenger neomycin, suggesting low $PIP_2$ affinity of $I_{K(Ado)}$. Taken together, these results suggest that the crosstalk between GqPCRs and the Ado-induced signaling pathway is receptor-specific. The differential change in $PIP_2$ affinity of GIRK channels activated by Ado and ACh may underlie, at least in part, their differential responses to GqPCR agonists.
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Ha, Jong-Hun,Lee, Dong-Hae,Park, Jin-Sik,Cho, Oh Hyun,Kim, Dong-Hoon,Ha, Na-Young,Cho, Nam-Hyuck,Hwang, Kyu Jam,Cho, Yong-Gon,Lee, Hye-Soo,Lee, Won Kil,Lee, Yoo Chul,Cho, Myung-Je,Lee, Woo-Kon,Shin, M The Korean Society for Microbiology 2016 Journal of Bacteriology and Virology Vol.46 No.4
Orientia tsutsugamushi (O. tsutsugamushi), which is endemic to an Asia-Pacific region, has increased its incidence and caused annually around 10 thousand patients infected with scrub typhus in Korea in the past several years. In the present study, we isolated 44 O. tsutsugamushi from the patients with febrile illness accompanied with or without an eschar in Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea. These isolates were characterized by genetic analysis of the major outer membrane protein, the 56-kDa type-specific antigen (tsa56), which is unique to O. tsutsugamushi. Two types of sequences of tsa56, designated by JJ1 and JJ2, were determined from 37 and 7 isolates of the 44 isolates, respectively. JJ1 and JJ2 showed 74.7~90.8% identity in nucleotide sequence and 66.1~90.5% identity in amino acid sequence with 33 reference strains except for Boryong and Kuroki. JJ1 and JJ2 had 100 and 99.9% nucleotide identity to Boryong strain, and 99.9 and 99.8 % to Kuroki, which has been known to be similar to Boryong, respectively. In addition, they showed 77.9~ 81.4% nucleotide identity with the cluster of Gilliam-related genotypes, whereas they showed higher nucleotide identity (89.6~90.8%) with the cluster of Karp-related genotypes. To our knowledge, this is the first report to isolate O. tsutsugamushi and characterize their genotype as the Boryong in Jinju and West Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea, even though it has been reported that the Boryong was the predominant genotype in isolates from chiggers, domestic rodents, and patients in the southern part of Korea. Furthermore, our isolates could be useful source to study on the pathophysiology and epidemiology of scrub typhus in Korea.
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조하나(Ha-na, Cho),박은혜(Eun-hye, Park) 중앙대학교 문화콘텐츠기술연구원 2013 다문화콘텐츠연구 Vol.0 No.14
본 연구는 다문화가정의 시작점인 혼혈에 대한 담론의 형성과정과 그것이 이끌어 낸 사회적 이슈를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 키워드 ‘혼혈’로 검색한 1950년~2011년 신문기사 1,123건을 수집하여 미디어 담론을 분석할 때 사용하는 방법 중 하나인 비판적 담론분석을 통해 분석하였다. 이를 위해 3단계로 기사를 묘사하고, 해석하며, 설명하는 과정을 거쳤다. 연구결과, 혼혈인에 대한 한국 사회의 시각은 1950~1960년대 국내 혼혈인을 이방인으로 바라본 반면 1970년대 국외(베트남) 혼혈인에게는 한국인 2세라는 의미를 부여하였다. 2000년대 전후에는 음악, 운동 분야 등에 특별한 재능을 가진 혼혈인만이 주목받았다. 이러한 시각 속에서 혼혈인은 소수자이자, 개인과 집단 사이의 괴리에 놓여있는 위치에 처해있었다. 또한 혼혈인에 대한 사회적 이슈가 변화함에 따라 혼혈의 의미가 변화하였다. 초기에는 부정적이고 배타적인 의미로만 사용되었다면 현재는 긍정적인 의미가 더해지기 시작하였다. 혼혈에 대한 담론이 형성된 큰 이유는 우리 사회에서 뿌리 깊게 이어져온 단일민족의식, 순혈주의와 부계중심의 혈통 때문이다. 시대에 따라 혼혈에 대한 사회적 인식이 변화한 것은 담론을 유지해오던 뿌리 깊은 의식이 변화한 것이 아니라 한국 사회 내 혼혈인을 형성한 가족의 주체가 변화하였고, 한국사회가 세계화에 편승해야 했기 때문으로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 결과는 혼혈인에 대한 인식에 다양성 인정을 추구하도록 학교 현장 교육에 힘써야 하는 것 등의 의미를 함의한다. The objective of this study is to investigate the process of the formation of the discourses on mixed-blood and the consequential social issues. Searching for the topics that contains the keyword “mixed-blood” in the newspapers from 1950 to 2011, 1,123 articles and discourses on them were analyzed. In the 1950s and 1960s, mixed-blood people were treated like minorities or strangers. However, this negative perception was mitigated as the national concern on them have been steadily increased since the 2000s. Patrilineal familism and racially homogeneous nation view have been influenced the change of the perception. Most of mixed-blood families after the Korea war were matriarchal mixture of a Korean mother and a foreign father, while most of mixed-blood families created after the 2000s are patrilineal mixture of a Korean father and a foreign mother. In spite of increasing number of mixed-blood person, the negative perception of mixed-blood person still exists and this perception hinders fair opportunities to make the best of mixed-blood person.
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