Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck: Subclassification into Basal, Ductal, and Mixed Subtypes Based on Comparison of Clinico-pathologic Features and Expression of p53, Cyclin D1, Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, p16, and Human Papillom

조경자,정세운,김성배,이상욱,최승호,남순열,김상윤 대한병리학회 2017 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.51 No.4

Background: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is a rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma with distinct pathologic characteristics. The histogenesis of BSCC is not fully understood, and the cancer has been suggested to originate from a totipotent primitive cell in the basal cell layer of the surface epithelium or in the proximal duct of secretory glands. Methods: Twenty-six cases of head and neck BSCC from Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea, reported during a 14-year-period were subclassified into basal, ductal, and mixed subtypes according to the expression of basal (cytokeratin [CK] 5/6, p63) or ductal markers (CK7, CK8/18). The cases were also subject to immunohistochemical study for CK19, p53, cyclin D1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p16 and to in situ hybridization for human papillomavirus (HPV), and the results were clinico-pathologically compared. Results: Mixed subtype (12 cases) was the most common, and these cases showed hypopharyngeal predilection, older age, and higher expression of CK19, p53, and EGFR than other subtypes. The basal subtype (nine cases) showed frequent comedo-necrosis and high expression of cyclin D1. The ductal subtype (five cases) showed the lowest expression of p53, cyclin D1, and EGFR. A small number of p16- and/or HPV-positive cases were not restricted to one subtype. BSCC was the cause of death in 19 patients, and the average follow-up period for all patients was 79.5 months. Overall survival among the three subtypes was not significantly different. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest a heterogeneous pathogenesis of head and neck BSCC. Each subtype showed variable histology and immunoprofiles, although the clinical implication of heterogeneity was not determined in this study.

폐암의 새로운 종양표식자 CYFRA 21-1

조경자,이경혜,이중원,송경은,이원길,김재식,박재용 대한임상병리학회 1997 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.17 No.1

보행과 에너지소비

조경자 大韓再活醫學會 1979 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.3 No.1

예비유아교사의 놀이 은유에 나타난 놀이에 대한 인식

조경자,이현숙 한국교원대학교 교육연구원 2012 敎員敎育 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 유아교사교육의 초기 과정에 있는 예비유아교사들이 지닌 유아의 놀이에 대한 인식을 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해 유아교육 전공 대학생 1학년 108명에게 유아에게 놀이가 의미하는 바를 은유로 표현하도록 하고 그 이유를 서술하도록 하였다. 분석 결과, 예비유아교사들이 기술한 유아의 놀이에 대한 은유적 표현은 총 81가지였으며 이들 표현은 ‘식물’, ‘동물’, ‘자연’, ‘사람’, ‘활동’, ‘추상’, ‘음식’, ‘물건’, ‘장소’ 등 9개 범주로 분류되었다. 가장 많이 나타난 범주는 ‘물건’이었으며, 다음은 ‘자연’, ‘사람’이었다. 은유적 표현에 나타난 놀이에 대한 인식은 ‘성장과 발달’, ‘즐거움’, ‘학습’, ‘자발성’, ‘탐색’, ‘생활 자체’, 그리고 ‘정서적 치유’의 7개의 범주였다. 가장 빈번하게 나타난 범주는 ‘성장과 발달’, ‘즐거움’, ‘학습’이었다. 이러한 결과는 예비유아교사들이 교사교육과정의 초기부터 놀이를 가치 있고 교육적인 것으로 여기고 있음을 나타내는 것이다. The purpose of this study was to examine preservice early childhood teachers' perceptions of play through metaphors they described. The participants of this study were 108 freshmen from the department of early childhood education at a three-year college. The journals about the metaphors of children's play and the reason for their metaphors were analyzed. Preservice teachers used 81 metaphors to describe on children's play. Metaphors were classified into 9 categories: plants, animals, nature, persons, activities, abstracts, foods, materials, places. The most frequently used metaphors were the categories of the materials, natures, and persons. The perceptions of play reflected in the metaphors were categorized into 7 themes: growth and development, learning, joy, spontaniety, exploration, child's life itself, and mental recovery. Among these, growth and development, joy, and learning were the most frequently mentioned to describe the metaphors of play. These results indicate that even before they took the course on children's play, preservice early childhood teachers regard children's play as invaluable and educational.

유방의 세침 흡인 세포학

조경자,고재수,하창원,장자준,Cho, Kyung-Ja,Koh, Jae-Soo,Ha, Chang-Won,Jang, Ja-June 대한세포병리학회 1992 대한세포병리학회지 Vol.3 No.2

A number of studies have shown the value of fine needle aspiration cytology for the diagnosis of breast lesions, but reports on the comparison of cytologic and histologic variations of breast cancers are few. We reviewed histologically proven 106 breast aspirates with an emphasis on the cytology of ductal carcinomas and of an area of uncertain atypia. Positive and negative predictive values of breast aspiration cytology were 100% On review of the cases originally diagnosed as atypia of uncertain nature (19 %), features more suggestive of malignancy or benignancy were recognizable in most underdiagnosed cases and a half of overdiagnosed cases, respectively. However, indistinguishable atypism also remained. Thirty seven cases out of 53 infiltrating duct carcinomas revealed malignant cytology, with variations in background, cellularity, morphology of cell groups, and extent of isolated tumor cells. When classifying the infiltrating duct carcinomas into scirrhous, solid-tubular, and papillotubular types, scirrhous type frequently appeared as irregularly shaped tight or loose cell clusters, and solid-tubular type as round-margined cell balls.

남자 유아교사에 대한 유아교육과 여학생의 인식

조경자,이현숙 한국유아교육학회 2004 유아교육연구 Vol.24 No.6

본 연구는 유아교육과 여학생들이 지닌 남자 유아교사에 대한 인식을 알아보기 위한 것이었다. 이를 위해 15개 대학의 유아교육과 여학생 1,224명에게 설문 조사를 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 여학생들은 남자 교사의 필요성에 보통 이상의 긍정적 반응을 보였으며, 유아교사직에 남자의 지원이 적은 주된 이유를 여성의 분야라는 인식 때문이라고 보았다. 이들은 교사의 성에 따라 유아 지도 양상이 다를 것이며, 특히 남교사는 유아들에게 남성 역할 모델을 제공하고 남아의 생활지도에 도움이 될 것으로 인식하였다. 남자 교사가 있어도 교사간의 관계에 어려움을 초래하지는 않을 것이지만 남자 교사는 학부모와의 상호작용에서는 다소 어려움을 겪을 것으로 인식하였다. 직업전망에서 여교사보다 남자 교사가 더 나을 것으로 생각하지는 않았다. 교직의 성별 적합성과 관련해서는 학습자가 어릴수록 여교사가 더 적합하다는 인식이 높았다. Analyzing data collected from 1,224 students majoring in early childhood education at 7 colleges and 8 universities, this study examines female student teachers' perceptions of male teachers in early childhood education. The results were as follows: though most female student teachers acknowledged that there might be some need for male teachers in early childhood education, many thought that for the more younger children, female teachers would be more suitable. They thought the lack of male teachers was mainly due to viewing the teaching of young children as a woman's job. Also they supposed that certain aspects of teacher-child interaction and activities were changed by the gender of the teacher, particularly with respect to male teachers serving as male role models and contributing to the discipline of young boys. Male teachers of young children were thought to have more difficulties in interacting with parents than with peer teachers and weren't expected to have better career prospects than female teachers.

New Systems for the Korean Journal of Pathology

조경자 대한병리학회 2009 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.43 No.1

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract

조경자 대한병리학회 2010 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.44 No.1

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is an uncommon variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), usually occurring in the larynx, hypopharynx, oropharynx and esophagus. BSCCs have been reported from various geographic areas, but esophageal BSCCs are more prevalent in Asia. The morphology of BSCC is quite characteristic, but BSCC occasionally needs to be differentiated from neuroendocrine carcinoma or adenoid cystic carcinoma. Human papillomavirus16-associated oropharyngeal SCC with poorly differentiated or basaloid features has recently been recognized as a new clinical entity with a different etiology and prognosis. Nonoropharyngeal BSCC appears to share etiologic factors, genetic alterations and an immunoprofile with conventional SCC of the upper aerodigestive tract. However, the divergent differentiation of BSCC into various non-basaloid, epithelial or mesenchymal elements suggests the participation of more mulipotential cells than in SCC. The biologic behavior of BSCC has been reported to be worse than or equal to that of SCC, yet the data including the increasing numbers of human papillomavirus-associated cases now require reanalysis. It is presently uncertain whether BSCC is a histogenetically or clinically unique disease entity.

음악교사 양성체제의 문제점 분석

조경자 중앙대학교 한국교육문제연구소 2006 한국교육문제연구 Vol.- No.23

음악교사의 국악교과에 대한 전문성 부족은 음악교과 가운데 국악내용 지도의 미흡 뿐 만이 아니라 전체 음악교육의 질을 저하시키는 문제점을 안고 있다. 교사의 질은 교사교육의 질에 좌우된다는 말이 있듯이, 국악내용에 대한 전문성이 부족한 교사의 문제는 바로 교사양성교육에서 그 문제가 비롯된다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 이 글에서는 음악교사의 국악교과에 대한 전문성 부재의 원인을 찾기 위해서 음악교사양성기관의 교육과정에서 드러나고 있는 국악교육의 교과편성 실태와 교사 양성기관의 국악전문교수진의 미확보 문제 그리고 음악과 임용시험의 실기 내용에서의 국악시험과목 실태의 문제점을 살폈다. 그 결과 음악교사의 전문성 부족은 교사 개개인의 노력이나 태도보다는 교원양성 시스템이라는 구조적 문제에서 기인한 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 대체적으로 음악교사교육은 교과편성과 교수진 그리고 임용시험 모든 영역에서 서양음악을 중심으로 이루어지고 있었다. 이러한 교원양성시스템 문제는 국악교육의 정상화와 더불어 음악수업 전체의 질을 높이고, 음악교과의 목적을 달성하여 학생들에게 의미 있는 음악교과의 학습경험을 부여하기 위하여 반드시 개선되어져야 한다. The lack of specialty for Korean music teachers has the problem of both the lack of contents for music curriculum and degradation of quality of whole music education. Teacher's quality depends on the education for the teacher. So, the problems of teacher who lacks specialty about the Korean music comes from the education for the teachers themselves. Therefore, I researched 3 kinds of problems in this article to find the cause of the lack of the music teacher for the Korean music curriculum. First, the present situation of Korean music curriculum of the Institution which is for the teacher who teaches Korean Music. Second, the lack of qualified faculties for Korean music in those institution. Third, the problem of the qualifying examination(which ask for playing instrument) for the music teacher. As a result, I realize that the lack of specialty for Korean music teacher comes not from individual effort or attitude but from the structural problem of music teacher training system. Generally, music teacher training program consists of western music oriented curriculum, faculties, qualifying evaluation and all the other aspects. This structural problem of music teacher training system should be renovated to offer right Korean music class, to upgrade quality of whole music curriculum, to reach the goal of music class so as to offer meaningful experience of study to the students.

논문편 : 노부모와 기혼자녀의 동거관계에서 발생하는 세대간 갈등과 대처행동에 관한 연구

조경자,한동희,조은희 ( Kyung Ja Cho,Dong Hee Han,Eun Heui Cho ) 대한가정학회 1996 Family and Environment Research Vol.34 No.6