정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

부산 황령산의 개미 분포상

임남기,문두호 釜山大學校 師範大學 2003 교사교육연구 Vol.42 No.-

부산의 도심에 위치한 황령산의 개미상을 조사하기 위하여 2002년 5월부터 2002년 9월까지 3개의 사면(동북사면, 남사면, 서북사면)으로 나누어 각 사면별로 4회씩 총 12회를 채집하였으며, 발견된 총 콜로니 1176개를 관찰·동정하여 아래와 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 황령산 일대의 총 종 구성은 4과 19속 33종이었고, 우점종으로는 주름개미(Tetramorium caespitum)로서 상대풍부도가 27.9%로 가장 많았다. 아과별로는 두마디개미아과(MYRMICINAE)의 개미가 10속 15종으로 가장 많이 서식하고 있었다. 2. 황령산 개미의 수직적 종 분포를 살펴보면 총 19속 33종 중에서 하층부(70m-219m)에서 15속 19종, 중층부(220m-319m)에서 8속 11종, 상층면에서 15속 23종이 채집이 되었으며, 상층부(320m-428m)에서 상대적으로 종이 풍부하였다. 3. 황령산의 남사면과 서북사면에서 왕주름개미(Tetramorium bicarinatum)가 이번 조사에서 채집되어 우리나라에 서식하고 있는 것이 확인되었다. 또한 경상남도 미 기록종인 북방왕개미(Camponotus herculeanus sachalinensis)와 황장다리개미(Aphaenogaster famelica)가 동북사면에서 채집이 되었다. 4. 황령산의 개미군집의 종 다양도 지수는 3.48 이었고, 종 풍부도는 4.53 이었고, 종 우점도는 0.42로 나타났다. 한편 종 유사도는 동북사면과 남사면간이 0.94로 가장 높게 나타났다. This thesis intends to investigate the ants' faunas of Mt. Hwangryeong located in downtown Busan. For this purpose, samples were collected twelve times in total, four times for the three different slopes(north-east, south and north-west) respectively from May 2002 through September 2002. In addition, samples were classified three different levels(upper, middle and bottom) in terms of vertical altitudes according to each relevant slopes. The observation and classification of 1176 colonies found from the different slopes of the mountain are as following; 1. It turns out that there are 4 families, 19 genus and 33 species in total throughout the mountain, and Tetramorium caespitun as a dominant is relatively abundant up to 27.9 percent. Ants belonging to the family of MYRMICINAE are distributed in the highest density of 10 genus and 15 species. 2. From the perspective of vertical distribution to the altitudes of the mountains, there are 19 genus and 33 species, among them 15 genus and 19 species in the bottom level(70m-219m), 8 genus and 11 species in the middle 1evel(220m-319m) and relatively abundant 15 genus and 23 species in the upper level(320m-428m). 3. The fact that Tetramnrium bicarinatum was found both in the southern and north-west slopes of the mountains was identified as the ant living in Korea. Besides both Camponotus hercuteanus sachalinensis and Aphaenogaster fametica which were not collected in the Kyungnam province are found in the north-east slope of Mt. Hwangryeong. 4. An analysis on the community's structures shows that diversity index is 3.48, richness index is 4.53 and dominant index is 0.42, while the similarity index is the highest(0.94) both in the north-east and southern slopes.

축우 부루셀라병의 ELISA 진단법에 관한 연구

임윤규,이두식,박전홍,양기천,김승호,김공식,현관종,김우택,이영순 濟州大學校 農科大學 動物科學硏究所 1993 動物科學論叢 Vol.8 No.1

Enzyme-linked Immuno sorbent Assay (ELISA) for the serological diagnosis oi Bruceiia abortus was developed and compared with plate aggluhnation test Cell wall antigen was extracted from Brucella abortus 1119-3 by sonicabon and with a sodium deoxychlate solution Optimum protein concentra tion of coating antigen 0.4㎍/100㎕ protein on each microtiter plate well. Horse radish peroxidase(HRP) labled protein-G was used as a tracer of reacted antibodies ELISA confirmed the agreeable results of 40 rases out of 43 cases by plate aggulutination test ELISA diagnosed positive cases (10 out of 12) and negatiw cases (1 out of 12) with dubious sera by plate agglutination test From this results EL ISA could be used for the early diagnostic tools of Brucellosis in cattle.

항공기 착륙장치의 충격흡수특성해석

김두만,임경호,황재혁,이환규 한국항공대학교 1992 論文集 Vol.30 No.-

본 연구를 통하여 항공기 착륙장치의 거동(동특성 및 완충기 효율)을 해석하고 평가하는 Software를 개발하엿다. 이 프로그램을 개발하기 위해 착륙장치를 2개의 자유도를 가지는 동역학시스템으로 모델링하고 운동방정식을 유도하였다. 또한 완충기에 작용하는 내력(즉 공기력, orifice force, friction force)을 표현하는 관계식을 정립하였으며, 타이어의 힘을 표현하는 관계식을 유도하였다. 그리고 운동방정식에는 타이어의 Spin Up운동도 고려되었다. 선정된 항공기의 착륙장치의 Parameter의 값을 프로그램의 입력 Data로 사용했을 때 매우 신뢰할 만한 동특성의 결과를 얻었으며, 특히 Drop Test 결과와 본 연구에서 개발된 Software에서 얻어진 결과를 비교했을 때 매우 흡사한 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 개발된 Software는 앞으로 국산화되는 착륙장치의 개발 및 설계에 매우 유용하게 사용될 것으로 판단된다. 또한 본 연구에서 사용된 입력 Data중 중요한 10개의 Parameter를 선정하여, 각 Parsmeter를 변화시키면서 착륙장치의 동특성 및 효율의 변화를 고찰해 보았다. 완충기 설계시 가장 중요한 Parameter들은 K-factor, Orifice 단면적 등과 같은 완충기의 변수로 사료되며, 타이어의 변수 T??이나 b는 중요한 변수가 아님을 확인하였다. 또한 항공기의 무게 W, Wheel/Tire의 무게, 완충기의 초기 공기압 P??, 항공역학계수 A도 착륙장치의 효율에는 크게 영향을 미치지 않고 있음을 고찰하였다. 그러나 공기실의 Politropic 지수 n, 항공기의 수직착륙속도 V는 착륙장치의 효융에 Non-Monotonic하게 영향을 미치는 것을 고찰하였다. The software which analysis and evaluate the dynamic characteristics of an landing gear has been developed in this study. The landing gear system has been modelled to be 2 DOF dynamic system to drive the equation of motion. The three internal forces, which are air pressure force, orifice force, and friction force, has been formulated and also the tire force has been formulated and also the tire force has been derived. When the typical values of the design parameters is applied to the developed software, the reliable results of the dynamic characteristics are obtained. Furthermore there is a good agreement between the simulation results and experimental drop test extracted from relevant literatures. It can be concluded that the developed software will be useful for the design and development of a landing gear system inside Korea.

유착성 관절낭염에 대한 침 및 신경차단술 처치의 임상적 관찰

남동우,임사비나,김종인,김건식,이두익,이재동,이윤호,최도영 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2007 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2007 No.-

Objectives : To observe the effect of acupuncture and nerve block combination treatment on adhesive capsulitis patients. Metbods : 59 voluntary patients were randomly assigned to acupuncture treatment group(E group ,n=22), nerve block treatment group(W group, n=17) and acupuncture and nerve block combination treatment group(EW grouP, n=20). The E group received acupuncture treatment on LI15, TE_(14), GB_(21) and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for 4 weeks. The W group received suprascapular nerve block, subacromial injection and trigger point injection twice a week for 4 weeks. The EW group received the same treatment as the W group and after 5minutes of rest, successively received the treatment identical to that of E group. AU three groups were instructed to practice groups were instructed to practice self exercise during their daily lives. Evaluations were made before treatment and after 1, 2, 3 and 4week treatment. Constant Shoulder Assessment(CSA), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI), Range of Motion(ROM), the patient's treatment satisfaction measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) and Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI) were used as assessment tools. The obtained data were analyzed and compared. Results : The E group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) on CSA, SPADI, VAS and DITI. As for ROM, Adduction and Extension improved significantly(p<0.05). The W group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) on CSA, SPADI, VAS and DITI. As for ROM, Abduction and Extension improved significantly. The EW group showed significant improvement(p<0.05) on CSA, SPADI and VAS. As for ROM, Adduction, Abduction, Extension and Flexion improved significantly. The improvement of CSA, VAS and Abduction ROM in the EW group was significant1y(P<0.05) superior compared to the groups treated with single type of treatment. Conclusion : It is suggested that acupuncture and nerve block combination treatment for adhesive capsulitis patients is more effective than the two single treatments. Through further studies, the acupuncture and nerve block combination treatment model may be developed into East-West Collaboration Model in treating adhesive capsulitis.

만성두통 환자의 성격유형 A 행태, 스트레스, 우울 및 두통영향정도의 관계 연구

차남현,임사비나,정인태,김수영,안경애,김건식,이재동,이상훈,최도영,이윤호,이두익 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

To examine an estimate factor and grasp the relation of difference for Ype A Behavior Pattern(TABP), Perceived Stress Questionnaire. Depression and HIT-6 in the Chronic headache client. Method: Data collected by self-reported questionnaires from 38 client in S city who were selected by criteria of IHS, from the 19^(th) of October to 10^(th) of December, 2004. Result: 1) Differences between biographical data by TABP was significant by SaSang constitutions, by Stress was significantly influenced by age, and by Depression were significantly influenced health status and SaSang constitutions. 2) Correlations Coefficients among Study Variables were Stress and Depression(r=.494, p=.002) and Depression and HIT-6(r=.432, p=.010). 3) In regression analysis, HIT-6 were significantly influenced by Depression and Type A Behavior Pattern(TABP). These variables explained 38% and 34% respectively. Conclusion: The result suggest that chronic headache management with psychological aspect, as well as physical aspect should be a focus to enhance the quality of life.

만성두통환자에게 적용한 비약물적 치료가 통증행동에 미치는 영향

최도영,임사비나,차남현,김건식,이재동,김수영,이윤호,이두익 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Objectives : This study is a random-controlled post-design for confirmation of headache degree, quality of life, and satisfaction to therapeutical effect on chronic headache adults after management of non-medicinal treatment (acupuncture therapy and stellate ganglion block therapy). Methods : 51 clinical experiment participants were gathered and through a questionnaire patients who experienced headache for more than 4 hours a day and more than 15 days per month were qualified as chronic headache patients. The qualified patients were classified in to two groups, acupuncture group (AT group, n=28) and stellate ganglion block group (SGB group, n=23). Treatment was applied 2 times a weeks for 4 weeks. The effects of both groups were analyzed using VAS scores, BPI (Brief Pain Inventory) and the satisfaction degree to the therapy. Results : 1. The recognized score of the headache of AT group and SGB group was reduced indicating the degree of the headache was released. 2. The recognition at damage to the quality of life was reduced post therapy of AT group and SGB group, in which general activity, mood, enjoyment of life, personal relationship, and sleeping showed significant improvement of life quality. 3. The satisfaction degree to the therapy showed lower score than expectation to it in AT group and SGB group, however, it was not significant. Conclusions : The results showed that the four-week non-medicinal treatment (AT and SGB) in chronic headache patients was effective for reducing headache and releasing its damage in daily life, however, no difference in superiority was found. Therefore, non-medicinal treatment (AT therapy and SGB) could be utilized in chronic headache patients.

민감도해석을 이용한 다중 쎌 구조형 날개의 최적설계

辛相勳,金斗萬,林慶鎬 한국항공대학교 1991 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

현재 항공기 구조는 Semi-monocoque구조 형식을 택하며, 날개구조에서는 Box Beam형 날개구조를 택한다. 본 연구에서 날개구조 해석은 "Flange는 축하중을 담당하고, 비틀림과 전단력은 Shear web가 담당한다"는 가정에 적합한 "Shear Web Beam 유한요소"라는 유한요소를 사용하여 응력해석을 하였고, 중형 항공기의 날개구조로 많이 사용되는 다중 쎌 구조를 택하여 처짐과 응력의 제한 조건이 있는 상황에서 민감도 해석을 이용하여 설계최적치인 플랜지의 단면적과 웨브의 두께를 구함으로써 Box Beam날개구조물의 무게를 최소화 하였다. This paper presents development of a optimal structural design technique for Multi-Cell Box beam type wing senditivity analysis which is implement into finite element program. Multi-Cell Box Beam type wing of Semi-monocopue structure is analyzed by finite element method with 'Shear Web Beam' finite element. The element consists of a shear panel that is subjected to constant shear flow and four flanges along the four sides of shear panel. Flanges are subjected to linearly varying axial force. Most nonlinear programming technique for structural optimization require carring out the design sensitivity analysis for objective function and constraints i.e. computing the gradients of displacement, stress with respect to design variables. The flange area and web thickness are determined that minimized the total weight of the Multi-Cell Box Beam type wing using developed technique and computer program.

항공기 노즈 랜딩기어의 쉬미 해석

황재혁,김두만,남창호,임경호 한국항공대학교 1993 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

본 연구를 통하여 항공기 노즈 랜딩기어의 동안정성을 지배하는 운동방정식을 유도하고, 이를 수치적으로 해석하는 프로그램을 개발하였다. 개발된 프로그램은 어떠한 초기조건 및 파라메타의 변화가 착륙장치의 동안정성에 미치는 영향을 해석하는데 매우 유용한다. 노즈 랜딩기어의 운동 방정식을 해석한 결과, 동적 불안정을 유발시키는 중요한 파라메타를 결정하였고, 이 파라메타들을 적적히 조절하면 지배장정식은 안정된 해를 갖게 된다. 그 중 대표적인 파라메타는 K?,K₃,C이다. 해의 두번째 특징으로 발산하지 않는 해 가운데서 쉬미(shimmy)현상을 나타내는 해가 있다. 쉬미현상은 비선형 시스템에서 나타나는 리미트사이클로서 고정된 진폭과 주파수를 갖고 진동하는 해를 뜻한다. 이러한 쉬미현상을 해석한 결과, 조향계통의 프리플레이(free play)가 쉬미 발생에 결정적인 원인이 됨을 확인 하였다. In this study, the equations of motion of an nose landing gear system for shimmy analysis has been derived and then the equations have been solved by numerical method. The developed program in this study is useful to evaluate the effect of the initial conditions and parameters of the nose landing gear on the its dynamic stability. It has been found that the parameters such as K?K₃,C? play the most prominent role on the dynamic stability of the nose landing gear. Shimmy is a kind of limit cycle which can be occurred in the nonlinear dynamic systems. Shimmy has been analyzed numerically in this paper. It turns out that the free play in the steering system is the most important factor to generate shimmy.

동결견(凍結肩) 환자의 동서협진 치료의 임상효과 비교연구 : 견관절 가동운동범위(ROM) 변화를 중심으로

남동우,김행범,양동훈,임사비나,김건식,이두익,이재동,최도영,이윤호 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2006 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2006 No.-

Objectives : To establish an effective collaborate medicine treatment of acupuncture and western medicine for treating frozen shoulder patients. Methods : 59 voluntary patients were randomly assigned to Eastern treatment group(E group, n=22), Western treatment group(W group, n=17) and East-West treatment group(EW group, n=20). The E group received acupuncture treatment on LI15, TE14, GB21 and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwan and Gyun-joong, twice a week for 4 weeks. The W group received suprascapular nerve block, subacromial injection and trigger point injection, twice a week for 4 weeks. The EW group received acupuncture and injection treatment including nerve block. All groups were instructed to practice self exercise during their daily lives. Evaluations were made before treatment and after treatment based on the change in shoulder Range of Motion(ROM) and the patient's satisfaction concerning the treatment was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). The obtained data were analyzed and compared. Results : The patient's satisfaction scores were E group 5.67, W group 7.73 and EW group 7.67. The E group and the EW group showed significant improvement in abbduction, adduction and flexion(p<0.05). The W group showed significant improvement in adduction(p<0.05). Abduction significantly improved(p<0.05) in the EW group compared to E group and W group. Flexion also showed improvement in the EW group, but the difference among the 3 groups was statistically insignificant. The three group's difference of change in extension and adduction was insignificant(p>0.05). Conclusion : Acupuncture and nerve block alone significantly improved ROM in frozen shoulder patients. Also collaborate treatment of acupuncture and nerve block significantly improved ROM in frozen shoulder patients. But the difference of the three treatments were significant only for improving abduction(p<0.05).