정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

하대정맥 폐쇄증 1예

임채준,강영희,정정명,최하진,배철 인제대학교 1983 仁濟醫學 Vol.4 No.1

좌우측 측복벽과 배부에 부측순환이 현저하게 발달한 하대정맥 폐쇄증 1예를 경험하여 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. A case of inferior vena cava obstruction with the markedly developed collateral circulations on the both lateral sided of the abdomen and back in a 34 yrs old female is reported. The patient had a history of ingestion of herb medicine and oral contracptive pills intermittently for irregular mensturation and abdominal discomfort on the left lower quadrant for 12 yrs. The angiography revealed complete obstruction of inferior vents cava just below the diaphragm. Through the well developed collateral circulations, no specific treatment wart tried.

제조공장에서의 극저주파 자기장의 측정 및 분석(Ⅰ) : 작업장의 지역별 구분에 의한 자기장을 중심으로

임영철,양승학,정익모 호남대학교 1998 호남대학교 학술논문집 Vol.19 No.2

This proper deals with the recent allegation that the electro-magnetic fields may have a bad influence on the human health. The two manufacturing plants are examined, which leave the same manufacturing processes but different environments of the electrical equipment and voltages in use. This study analyzes the characteristics of the magnetic fields occurred in the two plants by measuring the distribution of the magnetic fields of the extremely low frequency band at constant points.' The average values of the magnetic field strengths are 2.96mG at "A"plant, and 1.57mG at "B"plant. respectively, By comparing those two values, it is found that the magnetic field strength in "B"plant turns out to be half of that in "A"plant. The characteristics of "B"plant are: "B"plant uses the voltage twice as high as "A"plant; (2)the buildings of "B"plant are higher than those of "A"plant; and (3)"B"plant has wider spaces for the electrical equipment.

승모판협착증환자에서의 운동능력 및 운동 후 회복능력 : 경피적풍선판막성형술과 운동치료가 이에 미치는 영향

임희영,이철환,박성욱,김재중,송재관,홍명기,진영수,박승정 대한순환기학회 1998 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.28 No.4

연속식 오존처리공정을 이용한 낙동강 상수원수의 정수처리 효과

임영성,강관호,이홍재,서동철,박문수,허종수,조주식 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.3

낙동강 상수원수를 대상으로 연속적 오존처리에서 오존주업농도에 따른 유기물 분해 특성을 조사하기 위하여 오존처리에 의한 DOC성분변화, UV254/DOC의 변화와 소비오존에 따른 DOC 제거효율을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 유입원수의 수질변화에 따라 다소 차이는 있었으나 전반적으로 오존주입농도가 증가할수록 DOC 처리효율도 증가되었다. 오존처리에 따른 DOC 성분변화는 전오존을 3 mg/L농도로 처리시 TDOC, ADOC, A&BDOC 및 NRDOC는 각각0.6, 0.2, 0.1 및 1.0 mg/L 정도 오존처리에 의하여 감소되었으나 BDOC는 0.8 mg/L 증가하였다. UV254/DOC의 분율은 오존주입농도를 1, 3 및 5 mg/L 처리하였을 때 전오존의 경우는 각각 0.048, 0.044 및 0.037 이였고, 후오존의 경우는 각각 0.018, 0.015 및 0.012로 나타나 오존주입농도가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 초기 DOC mg당 소비되는 오존량에 대한 DOC 제거율은 전오존과 후오존처리의 초기 DOC에 대한 소비오존량이 각각 약 1.5와 2.3일 때 각자 25%와 32%로서 최대의 DOC 처리효율을 나타내었다. 낙동강 상수원수에 전오존을 처리할 경우 오존주입량은 초기 DOC mg당 소비된 오존이 1.5 mg 이내의 농도가 되도록 주입하고, 후오존은 유입수인 모래여과수의 초기 DOC mg당 소비된 오존이 2.3 mg이내의 농도가 되도록 조절하여 주입하면 적당할 것으로 생각되었다. This study was carried out to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiencies of the advanced drinking water treatment using ozonation process. For raw water. Nakdong River was used. By conducting continuous ozonation experiments, the following results were obtained. Efficiency of water treatment was enhanced with increase in ozone dosage. When ozone dosage of 3 mg/L was used, preozonation of raw water reduced TDOC, ADOC, A&BDOC and NRDOC as much as 0.6 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, 0.1 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. On the other hand, content of BDOC Increased at the level of 0.8 mg/L. Ratio of UV254 absorbance to DOC content by the preozonation with 1, 3 and 5 mg/L dosage were 0.048, 0.044 and 0.037, respectively. In case of postozonation, it were 0.018, 0.015 and 0.012, respectively. When the ratios of consumpted ozone content to 1 mg of initial DOC were 1.5 and 2.3 in preozonation and postozonation treatment, respectively, the highest DOC removal rates of 25% and 32% were obtained by the continuous ozonation.

티타늄 표면처리에 따른 조골세포의 반응

임영준,이용근,임범순,김철위 大韓齒科器材學會 2004 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.31 No.1

It is well known that surface modification of titanium for implant has been shown to improve the adhesion, migration and differentiation of adjacent cells and tissues. This study presented the results of an experimental study on the interaction between MC3T3-E1 (mouse calvarian osteoblast cell line) cells and cp-titanium treated by thermal oxidation at four different temperatures after TiO2 blasting and NaOH treatment, which could provide the benefits of surface roughening and favorable oxide layer formation. No heat treatment group was used as a control. Cell interactions were studied using the combination of phase contrast microscope and scanning electron microscope. Potential cytotoxicity was tested by MTT assay. The response of osteoblast cells was different according to the condition of surface modifications. Thermal oxidation at 600℃ showed the best early cell attachment and calcium nodule formation compared to other groups. Thermal oxidation at 800℃ showed the worst cell attachment and proliferation. In general, osteoblast cells were attached to accompanying the formation of cellular process, spreaded and differentiated on the specimen surfaces. Calcium nodules were formed on the surface after these cells were developed multiple cell layers. These early osetoblast/titanium interactions might play a critical role in the osteoinduction stage of osseointegration. There was no statistically significant difference in cytotoxicity among the heat treated surfaces from the MTT assay(p>0.05). The results of microstructure analysis of the characterized cp-titanium surface of this study will be published separately.

Proteome Analysis of Nodule Development in both Sinpaldalkong2 and SS2-2

Lim,Chae-Woo,Park,Ji-Young,Hwang,Cheol-Ho 한국작물학회 2003 한국작물학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2003 No.-

자연과 수업시 교사가 아동에게 제공하고 있는 뇌친화적 요소에 관한 연구

임채성,김병철,류양순,이영아 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1999 科學敎育硏究 Vol.24 No.-

Educational practices should be based on the sound information about the structure and function of human brain. Recently, with the result of advancement in technology, inner workings of our brain were sufficiently accumulated to actually apply to the educational practices. The eight brain-compatible elements suggested by Kovalik & Olsen(1994) were based on these knowledge about brain. This study was undertaken with the purpose of providing insights into science teaching-learning based on the brain-compatible elements derived from several brain-based learning principles. To accomplish this purpose, we explored how the elements were provided to children by teachers in science instruction. The results as follows. The levels of appreciation of the elements by teachers were high. Especially, the appreciation element of cooperation in science teaching was relatively higher than those of others. Furthermore, they had attitudes to have children relate the science subject to their real lives. For one particular element, that is, enriched environment, it was found to be relatively less appreciated, probably because of the lack of resources such as books, videos, CD, pictures, regularly scheduled guest speakers, and the others to support science contents. These findings provide a basis for understanding the roles of the brain-compatible elements in learning science. The results also highlight the need for teachers to aware of and implement the elements to create environments which encourage the maximization of the brain potentials of children when teach science subjects.

치과용 아말감 합금의 인장강도에 관한 연구

임호남,선우양국,김철위 대한치과기재학회 1984 대한치과재료학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The purpose of this comparative study was to evaluate the diametral tensile strength of commercially available dental amalgams used in Korea. For this study, six kinds of Korean amalgams and nine kinds of imported amalgams were used. Diametral tensile test specimens were prepared in 4×8mm. stainless steel cylindrical molds and the prepared specimens were stored in 37±1℃ and 100% relative humidity conditions. Diametral tensile strength measurements were made on an Instron testing machine for five specimens, at 15 minutes, 1 hour, 24 hours and 7 days, using a cross head speed of 0.05mm/min. The results obtained in this study were as follows; 1. The diametral tensile strength of the high-copper amalgams were higher than that of the conventional amalgams. 2. The diametral tensile strength after fifteen minutes of Korean amalgams much better than the imported amalgams and the final diametral tensile strength of Korean products were also increased.

활성탄을 이용한 낙동강 상수원수의 수처리 효과

임영성,강관호,이홍재,서동철,허종수,손보균,조주식 한국환경농학회 2002 한국환경농학회지 Vol.21 No.3

상수원수를 보다 효과적으로 처리함으로서 양질의 수돗물을 공급하기 위한 기초자료를 얻고자 낙동강 상수원수를 대상으로 활성탄처리에 의한 공탐체류시간 및 활성탄 여층 깊이에 따른 수처리 효율과 생물활성탄으로서의 이용 가능성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 공탑체류시간(EBCT)에 따른 수처리 효율은 EBCT가 증가할수록 증가되었으나 운전시간이 경과함에 따라 활성탄 흡착능력은 감소되어 처리효율도 서서히 감소하였다. 활성탄 여층깊이에 따른 pH 변화는 활성탄 층 깊이에 따라 거의 없었으며, D0는 활성탄 층 깊이가 깊을수록 서서히 감소하였다. KMnO^4 소비량, UV254 흡광물질 DOC 및 THMFP 처리효율은 활성만 표층으로부터 하부로 내려갈수록 증가하였으며, 운전시간이 경과할수록 활성탄 상층부에 형성되어 있던 흡착대파 하부로 이동하였다. DOC의 상당 부분이 활성탄여과지에 서식하는 미생물 작용에 의해 분해 제거되는 것으로 나타났으며, 운전개시 126일 후의 BAC에서 활성탄 표층으로 부터깊이 20 cm 부근에 미생물이 1.1*10^7 cell/cm^3 이상 존재하는 것으로 관찰되어 생물활성탄 조건을 만족시키고 있었다. This study was carried out to evaluate the pollutant removal efficiencies of the advanced drinking water treatment using mated carbon process. For raw water, Nakdong river was used. From the activated carbon adsorption experiment, the following results were obtained. The efficiency of water treatment enhanced with increase in empty bed contact time. Variation of pH was not detected to the bed depth, but DO content gradually decreased with the bed depth, Removal efficiency of KMnO₄ consumption, UV254 absorption, DOC and THMFP also were increased by increasing in the bed depth. Transition of adsorption zone from upper parts of the bed to the lower parts were detected as treatment periods increased. Large portion of DOCs were degraded and removed by the microbes growing on the surface of activated carbons. Cell numbers of microbes were estimated over 1.1 × 10 exp(7) cell/㎤ at the depth of 20 ㎝ from the surface 126 days after starting operation. The results shown that the activated carbon filter was successfully acted as a biofilm filter.