Combining Timber Production and Wood Processing for Increasing Forestry Income: A Case Study of 6th Industrialization in Korean Forestry

Won, Hyun Kyu,Jeon, Hyon Sun,Han, Hee,Lee, Seung Jung,Jung, Byung Heon Institute of Forest Science 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.4

This study was aimed to analyze the increased forestry incomes by combining timber production and wood processing, which is one of 6th industrialization types in Korean forestry. The selected household has been engaged in forestry for two generations and they produce timber and associated wood products in their own facility. The wood products include dimension lumber, interior wood material, cutting board, and cube chips, the household also utilize logging and sawmill residues as well as seed and seedlings as by-products. Incomes and expenses that have been incurred on individual processes of the sequential timber production and wood processing were surveyed, and we analyzed the economic outcomes of entire business. The results of this study indicate that the gross income of the household is 122.3 million Korean won and the net income is 93.6 million Korean won. The net income of the household is approximately 2.8 times higher than the average net income of whole households in the forestry of Korea in 2016, which is approximately 4.3 times higher than that of households that have been particularly engaged in timber production over the country. We found that the 6th industrialization by combining the two sequential processes creates approximately 3.2 times as much added value compared to the case relying on timber production only.

Combining Timber Production and Wood Processing for Increasing Forestry Income : A Case Study of 6th Industrialization in Korean Forestry

Hyun Kyu Won,Hyon Sun Jeon,Hee Han,Seung Jung Lee,Byung Heon Jung 강원대학교 산림과학연구소 2017 Journal of Forest Science Vol.33 No.4

This study was aimed to analyze the increased forestry incomes by combining timber production and wood processing, which is one of 6th industrialization types in Korean forestry. The selected household has been engaged in forestry for two generations and they produce timber and associated wood products in their own facility. The wood products include dimension lumber, interior wood material, cutting board, and cube chips, the household also utilize logging and sawmill residues as well as seed and seedlings as by-products. Incomes and expenses that have been incurred on individual processes of the sequential timber production and wood processing were surveyed, and we analyzed the economic outcomes of entire business. The results of this study indicate that the gross income of the household is 122.3 million Korean won and the net income is 93.6 million Korean won. The net income of the household is approximately 2.8 times higher than the average net income of whole households in the forestry of Korea in 2016, which is approximately 4.3 times higher than that of households that have been particularly engaged in timber production over the country. We found that the 6th industrialization by combining the two sequential processes creates approximately 3.2 times as much added value compared to the case relying on timber production only.

건조방법에 따른 하수슬러지 건조속도 비교 및 경제성 평가

박성훈 ( Seong-hun Park ),김한석 ( Han-seok Kim ),이승원 ( Seung-won Lee ) 한국환경기술학회 2021 한국환경기술학회지 Vol.22 No.3

In this study investigated the effect of the chemical injection ratio on the drying rate of sewage sludge. Then the economic efficiency was evaluated by comparing the results of the NIR(near infrared ray) and microwave drying rate test. The near infrared ray device showed drying speed of 31.9 %, 28.1 %, and 27.1 % at polymer dose ratio of 8 %, 10 %, and 12 %, respectively. Compared to 8 % polymer dose ratio, polymer dose ratio of 10 % and 12 % showed differences of 8.0 % and 13.6 % respectively, suggesting that drying efficiency decreased as polymer dose ratio increased. The microwave device showed drying speed of 26.2 %, 24.3 %, 21.3 % at polymer dose ratio of 8 %, 10 %, and 12 %, respectively. Compared to 8 % polymer dose ratio, polymer dose ratio of 10 % and 12 % showed differences of 5.2 % and 13.4 % respectively, suggesting that drying efficiency decreased as polymer dose ratio increased. Drying evaluation estimated the treatment cost of near infrared ray device at optimal dose ratio(6 %) was 35,591 won/ton while that of actual dose ratio(8 %) was 38,928 won/ton. Drying evaluation estimated treatment cost of microwave device at optimal polymer dose ratio(6 %) and at 8 % to be 16,683 won/ton and 18,352 won/ton, respectively.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

액정유체의 압력 유도 흐름에서의 분자 배향과 속도 분포

한원희,조정호,전종기,노상균,고승태 동양대학교 2001 동양대학교 논문집 Vol.7 No.1

본 연구에서는 액정의 압력 유도 흐름에 대해 적응성 토크 균형식과 코시 운동량보존식을 액정 연속체 이론의 핵심이 되는 Leslie-Ericksen 이론에 적용하여 수치해석 방법들로 풀어내었다.비선형 편미분 방정식계의 해를 구할 때 경계조건으로 쓰인 분자 배향닻 조건은 평행 닻조건(parallel anchoring)과 직교 닻조건(homeotropic anchoring)이다.분자 배향 분포는 평행 닻조건에서나 직교 닻조건에서나 시간이 지남에 따라 간단한 전단 흐름에서와 같이 3차원 비평판 배향의 구조를 갖게되지만 배향 비틀림의 구조가 다름을 알 수 있었다.배향 비틀링의 3차원적 구조를 갖게됨에 따라 압력 구배가 걸리는 흐름방향의 주 속도 분포뿐만 아니라 직교되는 방향으로 부 속도분포가 생기며 정상상태로 발전해가는 속도 분포 진화는 점근적이 아닌 진동적이다.비정상상태에서나 정상상태에서 속도 분포는 비 뉴톤성임을 알 수 있다.비등방성 Miesowicz 점도 순열에 따른 평행 닻조건에서의 더 많은 흐름량을 볼수 있고 직교 닻조건에서는 벽면에서 보이는 작은 속도 구배량의 특징을 가진다.

외이경혈 미세전류신경근 자극과 체성경혈 미세전류신경근 자극이 압통역치에 미치는 효과

한승수,고현철,조원호 한국전문물리치료학회 1997 한국전문물리치료학회지 Vol.4 No.2

室內植物의 CO₂淨化效果에 關한 硏究

한승원,방광자 한국화훼연구회 1996 화훼연구 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of air purification by interior plants during photosynthesis. Plants typically obsorb CO2 and release O2 while it was illuminated. The results are as follows : 1.The amount of CO2 absorption was largest, when the light level was highest in a day. 2.The CO2 decreasing rate per unite area was measured with interior plants such as Pachira aquatica, Ficus benjamina, and Dracaena deremensis. The Pachira aquatica showed the highest level of CO2 decreasing rate. 3.The plants that cause high humidity were Dracaena deremensis(91%) and Ficus benjamina(90%). 4.10 species of interior plants such as Ficus benjamina, Dracaena deremensis, Pachira aquatica, Scindapus aureus, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Hedera helix, Cyrtomium falcatum, Farfugium japonicum, Ardisia japonica and Viburnum awabuki - were treated with 0.5% CO2 (0.500%) at the constant light level, 3,000 lux. After six hours, CO2 decreasing-rate of each plant were measured. Viburnum awabuki(15.77,ppm/cm2) showed the highest rate, followed by Farfugium japonicum(15.77,ppm/cm2), Pachira aquatica(4.69,ppm/cm2), Cyrtomium falcatum(4.35,ppm/cm2), Scindapus aureus(2.67,ppm/cm2), Ardisia japonica(2.27,ppm/cm2), Dracaena deremensis(1.38,ppm/ cm2), Nephrolepis cordifolia(1.34,ppm/cm2), Ficus benjamina(0.91,ppm/cm2) and Hedera helix(0.33,ppm/cm2). 5.The CO2 releasing- rate of each plant at the night was also measured. Pachira aquatica(1.54,ppm/cm2) showed the highest rate, followed by Dracaena deremensis(0.75,ppm/cm2), Ficus benjamina(0.26,ppm/cm2), Scindapus aureus(0.42,ppm/cm2), Viburnum awabuki(0.42,ppm/cm2), Cyrtomium falcatum(0.32,ppm/cm2), Hedera helix(0.07,ppm/cm2), Nephrolepis cordifolia(0.06,ppm/cm2), Farfugium japonicum(-0.09,ppm/cm2) and Aridisia japonica(-0.19,ppm/cm2). However, the CO2 releasing rate of interior plant at the night was very low compaed to the CO2 absorption rate of these in the daytime.

'1998 한국인 우울증 선별의 날' 참가자들의 사회인구통계학적 특성과 우울증 선별검사 결과

한상익,이성필,고효진,박원명,장계호,유태열,전태연,채정호,방승규,김광수,최보문,이정태,백인호 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.5

연구목적 : 1998년 정신건강의 날 기념 한국인 우울증 선별의 날 행사에 자발적으로 참여한 참가자들의 사회인구 통계학적 특성을 분석하고 우울증 선별검사 결과를 평가하기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 8개 병원에서 얻어진 619명의 자료를 사용하여 선별검사로 밝혀진 우울증의 유병율과 사회인구통계학적 특성 및 응답자의 정신과적 치료를 포함한 과거력 등을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 우울증 척도 점수는 응답자 전체 평균 57.5±13.8로 경도의 우울 증상이 있는 것에 해당되었다. 전체 응답자의 69.5%(430명)가 최소한 경도 이상의 우울 증상을, 43.1%(267명)가 중등도 이상의 우울 증상을, 18.4%(114명)가 고도의 우울 증상을 보였다. 고도의 우울 증상이 있는 응답자의 56.8%와 중등도의 우울 증상이 있는 응답자의 63.9%가 정신과 치료를 받은 적이 전혀 없었다. 나이가 29세 이하인 것과 전임근무 중인 직업상태는 각각 나이가 60세 이상인 것과 직업이 없는 것에 비교하여 우울증으로부터 보호하는 인자임을 시사하였다. 결 론 : '1998 한국인 우울증 선별의 날' 행사를 통하여 많은 우울증 환자들을 선별해낼 수 있었고, 이들의 우울 증상은 몇몇 사회인구통계학적 특성과 유의한 관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 우울증 선별의 날 행사를 통한 우울증에 대한 교육과 우울증 선별검사는 치료받지 못하고 있는 우울증 환자 및 기존의 치료 중인 환자 모두에게 유용한 프로그램임을 알 수 있었다. Objectives : This study was performed to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of participants in '1998 Korean Depression Screening Day' and to evaluate the results of the screening test. Methods : By using the survey results of 619 volunteers from 8 hospitals, the authors examined the prevalence of depression detected at the screening test and sociodemographic characteristics and the psychiatric treatment history of respondents. The assessment measure was the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. Results : The mean depression score of all participants was 57.5±13.8 and it came under mild depression. Of all participants, 69.5%(N=430) had at least mild depressive symptoms, 43.1%(N=267) had at least moderate symptoms, and 18.4%(N=114) had severe symptoms. Never have 56.8% of respondents in the severely depressed range and 63.9% of those in the moderately depressed range had psychiatric treatment. The results suggest that the age group of 29-year-old or younger(relative to 60-year-old or older group) and full-time employment status(relative to unemployment) are protective factors of depression. Conclusions : By '1998 Korean Depression Screening Day', many depressed patients were detected and their depressive symptoms had statistically significant relationships with some sociodemographic characteristics. The results suggest that the education and screening test programs for depressive illness facilitated by Depression Screening Day are useful to the patients regardless of being under current treatment or not.

에스트로겐이 진피섬유아세포의 증식 및 교원질합성에 미치는 영향

원창훈,한승규,성낙관,김우경 大韓成形外科學會 2004 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.31 No.3

새로운 유사 원자층 증착 방법에 의한 산화막의 형성 및 터널링 자기 접합에의 응용

한신희,정원철,이장식,김병동,주승기 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.1

The tunneling barrier is crucial to the overall performance in magnetic tunnel junction. We have suggested a new formation method for the tunnel barrier, which has utilized pseudo atomic layer deposition with sputtering (PALDS). As is well known, all metallic thin films oxidize more or less under atmospheric conditions. With using this property of metallic thin films, we have prepared tunnel barrier by sputtering metallic thin film and exposing it to the oxygen ambience. From transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation, the formed tunnel barrier has been confirmed to have clear and good interface between magnetic layers and tunnel barrier. From atomic force microscopy (AFM) observation, it has been also confirmed to have low surface roughness. The TMR MRAM cell manufactured using PALDS method has been shown to exhibit typical tunnel resistance of 86 KΩ·μm^2 and TMR ratio of about 40%. The 40% of MR is quite large. It is considered that this value is geometrically enhanced magnetoresistance due to the low junction resistance of MTJ.