技術論文(기술논문) : 친환경적 설계인자를 적용한 생태복원공사의 시공성 평가 -거제시 구천천 생태하천 조성공사를 중심으로-

안병철 ( Byung Chul An ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2013 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.16 No.4

본 연구에서는 경남 거제시 구천 천을 대상으로 생태하천 조성공사의 시공 성을 분석하고 평가하였으며 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 구천 천 생태하천 조성공사의 시공 성 평가를 위한 평가지표를 설정하였다. 일반적인 공사품질 평가항목에 본 연구대상지의 공사특성을 감안하여 설계품질과 건설행정부문을 더하여 평가지표를 설정하였다. 크게 대 분류로 공사 품질, 설계품질, 건설행정으로 나누었으며, 중분 류로는 식 재, 시설물, 포장, 급배수공사, 설계 전 문성, 설계도서, 기술시방서, 공사기간, 적정 비용, 참여자인식 등 10개 유형으로 구분하고 소 분류의 평가항목은 해당공사의 세부적 내용으로 구성된 총 20가지로 구성하였다. 둘째, 시 공성 평가결과, 평가항목별로는 급 배 수공사, 석재공사, 포장공사, 식재공사 순으로 시 공성 개선의 필요성이 제기되었으며, 평가 대 상으로는 묵논습지 조성공사와 완경사 저수 호 안공사에서 시 공성이 낮게 평가되었고 수달서 식 처와 자연경관보전 구간은 비교적 적정한 것으로 평가되었다. 설계도면의 누락과 기술시방 의 문제, 시공참여자의 인식문제에 대해서는 개선필요성이 다소 있는 것으로 나타났으나, 설계 개념의 적정성 부문은 참여기술자의 대부분이 적정한 것으로 평가하였다. 셋째, 문제점에 따른 개선방안 제시로서, 품 질 관리에 의해 개선될 수 있는 사항으로 무논 습지조성에서의 유입 수, 유출 수 연결 관의 마감 처리, 논흙처리에 대한 방안과 하천에서의 저수 호 안 돌 쌓기 시공성과 석재공사의 마감처리 등 이 있으며, 동 분야의 기술적 한계점으로서 연 구가 필요한 부분으로는 생태수로의 돌 쌓기 이 음 새 부분의 콘크리트 몰탈처리와 천변수림대 의 폭 원 설정 등을 들 수 있다. 하천 코 리더의 생태적 역할을 수반하는 천변수림대의 폭 원 및 식생의 기능에 대한 연구는 향후 하천 변 생태 복원공사의 기술력 향상을 위한 현실적 대안이 될 수 있을 것이라 판단된다. 그 이외에도 시공 과정에서 설계자와 지속적인 논의와 피드백 과 정이 필요한 속성을 가진 공사라고 판단되며 향후 생태복원공사의 전반에 걸친 시공 성 평가 의 기법이 지속적으로 개발되어야 하겠다. In this study, constructability of ecolog ocal stream restoration process was evaluated and improved approaches for habitat were suggested. The study site is Gucheon River in Geoje city where conducted ecologocal restoration work within maintaining its flood control function. Application of ecological design factors and constructability in the process from planning to construction was analyzed and its results are as follows: In the process of planning and designing, it was focused more on the naturality of Gucheon River rather than the human convinience and ecological design factors were applied within the ecological capacity of the site. First, the indexes for constructability evaluation is selected. It was classified into three major categories as construction quality, design quality and construction administration system. Each index has details, so there are twenty sub indexes for contractibility evaluation. Second, the evaluation results shows that the index most in need of improvement was plumbing construction, followed by Stone construction and pavement construction. design concept was evaluated as appropriate in entire categories. Finally it is suggested that it can be improved in both process of design to enhance the technology and process of construction to enhance the quality management. The constructability of ecological stream needs adaptive management and it must be discussed with its designing which is at the stage before construction. Also it needs discussion with its designer constantly and feed-back process.

신평천(임실), 추령천(정읍) 일대의 식물상 및 식생 단면도

오현경 ( Hyun Kyung Oh ),변무섭 ( Mu Sup Beon ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The flora of the Sinpyeong and Churyeong stream were listed 324 taxa; 87 families, 227 genera, 289 species, 1 subspecies, 31 varieties and 3 forms. The Sinpyeong stream were 249 taxa and Churyeong stream were 221 taxa. Based on the rare plants (IUCN) by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum were recorded; Penthorum chinense (Crassulaceae), etc. and endemic plants, 6 taxa; Weigela subsessilis (Caprifoliaceae), Lycoris flavescens (Amarylidaceae), etc. Based on the specific plants by floral region were total 12 taxa (3.7% of all 324 taxa of flora); Monochoria korsakowi (Pontederiaceae), etc. in class Ⅲ, 10 taxa (Salix glandulosa (Salicaceae), Ulmus parvifolia (Ulmaceae), Impatiens noli-tangere (Balsaminaceae), Grewia biloba var. parviflora (Tiliaceae), Nymphoides peltata (Gentianaceae), Actinostemma lobatum (Cucurbitaceae), Cirsium pendulum (Compositae), Microstegium japonicum (Gramineae), etc.) in class Ⅰ. Based on the naturalized plants, 51 taxa and ecosystem disturbing wild plants, 6 taxa (Rumex acetosella, Sicyos angulatus, Aster pilosus, Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, Hypochaeris radicata, Paspalum distichum var. distichum) and naturalization rate was 15.7% of all 324 taxa of flora, urbanization index was 18.8% of all 271 taxa of naturalized plants. Based on the hydrophytes, 23 taxa and emergent hydrophytes were 17 taxa, floating-leaved hydrophytes were 3 taxa, submergent hydrophytes were 2 taxa, free-floating hydrophytes was Spirodela polyrhiza.

시대적변천에 따른 아파트단지의 경관적특성 및 선호도에 관한 연구 -청주시 아파트 단지를 대상으로-

심상렬 ( Sang Ryul Shim ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.2

The open space of apartment complex has changed diversely according to construction periods which were divided into the introduction stage (the 1980s), the development stage (the 1990s), and the maturity stage (after 1999). This study set out to analyze the periodic changes of visual characteristics and preference with the open space of apartment complexes in Cheongju City. For analysis of visual characteristics and preference, nineteen adjectives that were determined to sufficiently express the feeling of the open space of apartment complex. The results are as follows. As for adjective image assessment by using descriptive statistics, favorable images were shown in complexes of maturity stage phase that were constructed after the liberalization of apartment sale in 1999. These results may be caused both by quantitative increase and diversification of materials in planting and landscaping furniture and by nature-friendly designing. The results of factor analysis by Varimax rotation method showed that common variance was 73.9%, which indicates higher explanation. The nineteen adjectives could be divided into three factors, ``pleasantness factor,`` ``negative factor,`` and ``irregular factor.`` Visual preference was analysed by using Least significant Difference (LSD) by analysis of variance: complexes of maturity stage phase that were constructed according to the liberalization of apartment sale in 1999 were highest in assessment. The correlation between view preference and adjective images was analyzed by multiple regression analysis, and ``feeling like walking,`` ``well-arranged,`` ``beautiful,`` ``friendly,`` and ``clean`` (in order) were adjective images that most affected the preference. As for the analysis of the correlation between visual preference and physical components of view, the preference increased as the rate of pavement and greens was higher, while it decreased as size of building was larger. Therefore, backgrounds of walking and greens had strong effects on the preference.

망개나무자생지의 식생특성과 활력도 분석

박인환 ( In Hwan Park ),조광진 ( Kwang Jin Cho ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate vegetation and tree vitality of Berchemia berchemiaefolia habitat to recommend basic information for synecological characteristics. Totally 9 vegetation data were collected and analyzed. And one plant community (Quercus serrata-Berchemia berchemiaefolia community) including 43 families 66genera 72 species 8 varieties and 3 forma was differentiated. Quercus serrata-Berchemia berchemiaefolia community was subdivided into Typical subunit and Quercus mongolica subunit. Species showing the higer r-NCD value in the plant community were Berchemia berchemiaefolia, Quercus serrata, Lindera obtusiloba, Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum, Corylus heterophylla var. thunbergii. In tree vitality result, Berchemia berchemiaefolia population containing 35 individual was estimated 3 monitoring categories; 1) General 2) Principal 3) Absolute. These categories frequencies arranged by the order General Monitoring (85.7%; 30 individual), Principal Monitoring (11.4%; 4 individual) and Absolute Monitoring (2.9%; 1 individual).

해저준설토 사면에서 개량제 처리에 의한 한국들잔디 직파 지표고정 공법에 관한 연구

정용호 ( Yong Ho Jeong ),이임균 ( Im Kyun Lee ),서경원 ( Kyung Won Seo ),임주훈 ( Joo Hoon Lim ),김정호 ( Jung Ho Kim ),신문현 ( Moon Hyun Shin ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.4

This study was conducted to compare the growth of Zoysia japonica depending on different soil treatments in Saemangeum sea dike, which is filled with dredged soil. Zoysia japonica was planted using sod-pitching method on the control plot. On plots which were treated with forest soil and soil improvement, Zoysia japonica seeds were sprayed mechanically. Sixteen months after planting, coverage rate, leaf length, leaf width, and root length were measured and analyzed. Also, three Zoysia japonica samples per plot were collected to analyze nutrient contents. Coverage rate was 100% in B treatment plot (dredged soil + 40kg/m3 soil improvement+forest soil), in C treatment plots (dredged soil + 60kg/m3 soil improvement + forest soil), and D treatment plots (dredged soil + 60kg/ m3 soil improvement), while only 43% of the soil surface was covered with Zoysia japonica on control plots. The width of the leaf on C treatment plots (3.79mm) was the highest followed by D treatment (3.49mm), B treatment (2.40mm) and control plots (1.97mm). Leaf and root length of D treatment was 30.18cm and 13.18cm, which were highest among different treatments. The leaf length of D treatment was highest followed by C, B, and A treatments. The root length of D treatment was highest followed by C, A, and B treatments. The nitrogen and phosphate contents of the above ground part of Zoysia japonica were highest in C treatment, followed by D, B, and A treatments. The nitrogen and phosphate contents of the underground part of Zoysia japonica were highest in D treatment, followed by C, A, and B treatments. C and D treatments showed the best results in every aspect of grass growth. The results of this study could be used to identify the cost effective way to improve soil quality for soil surface fixation on reclaimed areas using grass species.

지리산국립공원 식물종의 생물계절성 연구

신재성 ( Jae Sung Shin ),유난희 ( Nan Hee Yu ),강희곤 ( Hee Gon Kang ),신현탁 ( Hyun Tak Shin ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.2

This study monitored forest plant species vulnerable to climate change in Jiri Mountain, one of Korea`s representative alpine regions, in order to securely preserve plant genetic resources susceptible to climate change and to utilize the results as basic data for bioclimatology prediction and management on a long-term basis. A majority of indicator plants tended to blossom one week to one month later in 2010 than in 2009. As with the blooming dates, the falling dates of blossoms became later in most species, with the exception for Weigela florida and Oplopanax elatus. Leaf bursting as well fell on later dates in a majority of species excluding Carpinus laxiflora and Cupressus sempervirens, displaying the most obvious differences among the data of analysis of the 2009-2010 physiological cycle changes. It is believed that was due to the fact that temperatures in February, March and April, which affect plants` blossoming and leaf bursting, were lower in 2010 than in 2009 and that cold temperatures in the winter lasted for a longer period in 2010 than in 2009. The dates of leaves being changed to red were similar in 2009 and 2010 by being or later or earlier by several weeks in 2010 than in 2009 without any regularity. Most species` leaves began to fall at similar dates in 2009 and 2010 or at later dates by one to two weeks in 2010 than in 2009. The temperature differences in late 2009 and late 2010 were not so large, resulting in similar dates of falling leaves, and gaps in several indicator plants` physiological cycles without any regularity can be attributed to each individual plant`s physiological and environmental characteristics.

내장산국립공원 굴거리나무군락의 군집특성 및 분포 변화 연구

신진호 ( Jin-ho Shin ),전용삼 ( Yong-sam Jeon ),손지원 ( Ji-won Son ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2016 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.19 No.3

This study was focused on the northernmost limit of the distribution changing of Daphniphyllum macropodum and studied characteristic of plant communities of natural monument No. 91 in Najangsan national park, Korea. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The highest importance percentage(I.P.) value at tree layer in Quercus. mongolica community was Q. mongolica, 37.8%. But the highest value of mean importance percentage(M.I.P.) was D. macropodum, 32.8%. 2. The highest I.P. value at tree layer in Carpinus laxiflora community was C. laxiflora, 47.4%. The highest M.I.P. value was C. laxiflora, 28.8% and M.I.P. value of D. macropodum was 24.0%. 3. The highest I.P. value at tree layer in D. macropodum community was D. macropodum, 55.6%. C. laxiflora and Q. mogolica I.P. value was 14.8% and 6.8%, respectively. The highest M.I.P. value was D. macropodum, 47.9%. Sapium japonicum and C. laxiflora M.I.P. value was 11.4% and 10.7%, respectively. 4. The highest I.P. value at tree layer in Quercus variabilis commu ity was C. laxiflora, 20.8%.Q. variabilis and Acer pseudosieboldianum I.P. value was 15.3% and 12.5%, respectively. The highest M.I.P. value was D. macropodum, 21.5%. It needs to the continuous monitoring of vegetation and importance percentage change in tree layer and subtree layer of D. macropodum. The researching results of D. macropodum distribution, the distribution range of D. macropodum showed expanded more than range of Lim and Oh`` result(1999). In other words, it was distributed low density level between Najangsa temple and Byeokryeonam, and distributed in upper Keumsun waterfall and Wonjeok upper valley. D. macropodum was appeared on hiking trails around from Wonjeokam to Bulchulbong. Especially, it was found in this study that D. macropodum was distributed on Seoraebong``s north which placed outside area of Naejangsa region. In this study, it was considered that distribution range of D. macropodum was expanded. Also, it is expected to be used as a result of the field study of changing distribution study of broad leaved evergreen forest due to global warming.

계단상 하상구조를 이용한 계류복원 방안

김석우 ( Suk Woo Kim ),전근우 ( Kun Woo Chun ),김경남 ( Kyoung Nam Kim ),박종민 ( Chong Min Park ),마루타니토모미 ( Marutani Tomomi ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Mountain streams, which are major components of an entire river network, play an important role as the source of water, sediment, coarse and fine organic matter, and nutrients for lowland rivers. Therefore, dynamics and downstream linkages of each compartment of the mountain stream can be essential for watershed management in catchment scale. The dynamics and downstream linkages are understood as a development of step-pool sequences along a river course. Recently, stream restoration after flooding event often employ the development of step-pool sequences in the world. In this paper, we 1) examined the geomorphic characteristics and the role of step-pool sequences in steep mountain streams by reviewing the results of past studies, and 2) introduced the case studies of stream restoration using step-pool sequences, and finally 3) addressed design methods considering geometry and stability of artificial step-pool sequences for stream restoration. Step-pool sequences play an important role not only as roughness with energy dissipation but also as heterogeneity of stream feature for aquatic habitat. Step-pool sequences, even if they are constructed artificially along a stream, may be effective for small stream restoration considering eco-friendly torrent controls. So far the artificial step-pool sequences were employed for mountainous streams, but those would be applied to urban stream.

보길도(전남) 적자봉 일대의 관속식물상 유형별 특성

오현경 ( Hyun Kyung Oh ),변무섭 ( Mu Sup Beon ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.4

The vascular plants in Jeokjabong, Bogil Island were listed 350 taxa composed of 89 families, 233 genera, 309 species, 1 subspecies, 36 varieties and 4 forms. Divided into woody plants were 142 taxa (40.6%) and herbaceous plants were 208 taxa (59.4%). Based on the list of rare and endangered species by Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum, 3 taxa were recorded; Celtis choseniana, Asarum maculatum, Rubus sorbifolius, and endemic plants, 10 taxa were recorded; Asarum maculatum, Cephalotaxus koreana, Carpinus coreana, Celtis choseniana, Lespedeza maritima, Indigofera koreana, Dendropanax morbifera, Ligustrum quihoui var. latifolium, Weigela subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, and plant species subject to permission for taking abroad, 4 taxa were recorded; Celtis choseniana, Asarum maculatum, Vaccinium oldhami, Carex okamotoi. Based on the list of floristic regional indicator plants by Korean Ministry of Environment were total 64 taxa (18.3% of all 350 taxa of vascular plants); Ligustrum quihouivar. latifoliumin class Ⅳ, 19 taxa ( Stauntonia hexaphylla, Cinnamomum japonicum, Zanthoxylum ailanthoides, Daphniphyllum macropodum, Centella asiatica, Verbena officinalis, Mitchella undulata, etc.) in class Ⅲ, 5 taxa ( Potentilla dickinsii, Ostericum melanotilingia, Sanicula rubriflora, Caryopteris incana, Teucrium veronicoides) in class Ⅱ and 39 taxa ( Gleichenia dichotoma, Cyrtomium fortunei, Aphananthe aspera, Rubus hirsutus, Meliosma myriantha, Hedera rhombea, Ainsliaea apiculata, etc.) in class Ⅰ. Based on the list of naturalized plants, 5 families, 17 genera, 20 taxa ( Phytolacca americana, Lepidium virginicum, Robinia pseudo-acacia, Verbesina alternifolia, Lolium perenne, etc.) and naturalization rate was 5.7% of all 350 taxa of vascular plants. Hereafter natural ecosystem into disturbance on naturalized plants and legal protection species and rare and endangered species distribute in the Bogil Island, precision investigation after management counterplan of the monitoring a point of view be required.

뿌리의 공간분포를 고려한 수목 뿌리의 토양보강 효과에 대한 분석

김동엽 ( Dong Yeob Kim ),이상호 ( Sang Ho Lee ),임상준 ( Sang Jun Im ) 한국환경복원기술학회(구 한국환경복원녹화기술학회) 2011 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.14 No.4

Tree roots can enhance soil shear strength and slope stability. However, there has been a limited study about root reinforcement of major tree species in Korea because of some experimental difficulties. Thus, this study was conducted to analyze the performance of Japanese larch ( Larix kaempferi) and Korean pine ( Pinus koraiensis) which are two common plantation species in Korea. Profile wall method was used to measure the spatial distribution of root system and its diameter within 15 soil walls of Japanese larch stand and 13 soil walls of Korean pine stand in Taehwa University Forest, Seoul National University, Korea. Root tensile properties of each species were assessed in the laboratory, and root reinforcements were estimated by Wu model. The study observed that the number and cross-sectional area (CSA) of root in both species could tend to decrease with soil depth. Especially, CSA were well-fitted to exponential functions of soil depth. Mean root area ratios (RAR) were 0.03% and 0.10% for Japanese larch and Korean pine, respectively. Estimated root reinforcement from Wu model were, on the average, 4.04 kPa for Japanese larch and 12.26 kPa for Korean pine. Overall, it was concluded that root reinforcement increased the factor of safety (Fs) of slope for small-scale landslide as the result of two-dimensional (2-D) infinite slope stability analysis considering vegetation effects.