서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

흰쥐 해마박편에서 acetylcholine이 gamma-aminobutyric acid 유리에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김익현,김형룡,김관식,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1991 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.15 No.2

Present study was performed to clarify the effect of acetylcholine on the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid(GABA) employing hippocampal slices. Hippocampal slices (300∼400㎛ thick) were prepared by the method of Kim et al(1988) and pre-equilibrated in Krebs-bicarbonate medium(KBM, pH 7.4) for 1hr at 37℃. Pre-equilibrated slices were incubated in fresh KBM and then potassium(50mM)-containing KBM for 5 min period. Basal and potassium-induced release of GABA were determined from recovered medium by HPLC. After 30min resting period, in the presence of physostigmine(20μM) slices were reincubated in acetylcholine-containing KBM and acetylcholine plus potassium-containing medium consecutively for 5min period each to investigate the effect of acetylcholine on basal or potassium-induced GABA release from hippocampal slices. The observed results were as follows: 1. The release of GABA induced by the first and second 5 min-exposure of 50mM potassium was 107.3±8.2 nmol and 90.6±3.2nmol, respectively. When compared with released amounts of GABA during the corresponding spontaneous periods, these were 4.6 and 4.6-fold increase respectively. 2. Physostigmine(20μM) had no significant effect on the spontaneous release of GABA. 3. Acetylcholine(10-1000μM) increased spontaneous and potassium-induced GABA release in a dose-dependent manner.

흰쥐 해마박편에서 veratrine과 고농도 포타슘자극시 칼슘이온이 gamma-aminobutyric acid 유리에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : A role of calcium

강수만,김형룡,김관식,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1991 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.15 No.2

Present study was performed to clarify the effect of calcium on the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) employing hippocampal slices. Hippocampal slices(300-400㎛ thick) were prepared by the method of Kim et al(1988) and pre-equilibrated in Krebs-bicarbonate medium(KBM, pH 7.4) for 1hr at 37℃. In case of veratrine-induced GABA release, pre-equilibrated slices were incubated in fresh KBM and then veratrine (25μM)-containing KBM for 10min period in the presence or absence of 2.5mM Ca^2+. In case of potassium-induced GABA relaese, pre-equilibrated slices were incubated in fresh KBM and then potassium(50mM)-containing KBM for 5min period in the presence or absence of 2.5mM Ca^2+. Basal and veratrine and potassium-induced release of GABA was determined from recovered medium by HPLC. The observed results were as follows: 1. The release of GABA induced by the 10min-exposure of 25μM veratrine and 5min-exposure of 50mM potassium in the presence of 2.5mM Ca^2+ was 228.9±11.2 nmol and 100.1±8.9nmol, respectively. When compared with released amounts of GABA during the corresponding spontaneous periods, these were 6.8 and 4.6-fold increase respectively. 2. The release of GABA induced by the 10min-exposure of 25μM veratrine and 5min-exposure of 50mM potassium in the absence of Ca^2+ was 381.4±30.2 nmol and 55.1±4.1 nmol, respectively. When compared with released amounts of GABA during the corresponding spontaneous periods, these were 11.3 and 2.4-fold increase respectively.

흰쥐 해마박편에서 콜린성 수용체와 glutamate 유리와의 상호관계에 관한 연구

신동인,김형룡,고성희,김관식,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1990 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.14 No.2

Present study was performed to clarify the effect of cholinergic agents on the release of glutamic acid employing hippocampal slices. Hippocampal slices(300∼400㎛ thick) were prepared by the method of Kim et al.(1988) and pre-equilibrated in Krebs-bicarbonate medium(KBM, pH 7.4) for 1hr at 37℃. Pre-equilibrated slices were incubated in fresh KBM and then potssium(50mM)-containing KBM for 5 min period. Basal and potassium-induced release of GABA and glutamic acid were determined from recovered medium by HPLC. After 30 min resting period, slices were reincubated in cholinergic agents-containing KBM and cholinergic agent plus potassium-containing medium consecutively for 5 min period each to investigate the effect of cholinergic agent on basal or potassium-induced glutamic acid release from hippocampal slices. The observed results were as follows: 1. The release of glutamic acid induced by the first and second 5 min-exposure of 50mM potassium was 139.7±14.05 nmol and 114.5±10.01 nmol, respectively. When compared with released amounts of glutamic acid during the corresponding spontaneous periods, these were 5.3 and 5.6-fold increase respectively. 2. Acetylcholine(10-1000μM) inhibited potassium-induced glutamic acid release in dose-dependent manner. 3. The inhibition of glutamic acid release caused by acetylcholine(1mM) was antagonized by atropine(50μM) but not by mecamylamine(50μM).

골흡수 기전에 관한 연구 : 파골세포의 활성화 기전 MECHANISM OF OSTEOCLAST ACTIVATION

정동균,고재승,김관식,김각균,민병무,김세원 대한구강생물학회 1989 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.13 No.1

Although the osteoclast has long been recognized to be the cell responsible for bone resorption, little is known of the mechanisms by which its activity is controlled. Recently, it has been suggested that osteoblasts ─ the bone-forming cells ─ seem to be the target cells of PTH, the bone-resorbing hormone, and mediate osteoclastic bone resorption by producing the coupling factor(s). Because bone tissue consists of several types of cells, isolation of distinct bone cell populations is prerequisite for studying the mechanism of bone resorption in cellular level. This experiment was performed ⅰ) to isolate the metabolically distinct bone cell populations from fetal rat calvaria by sequential enzyme digestion and biochemical characterization and ⅱ) to identify the factor(s) produced by osteoblast that stimulate resorption employing organ culture of bone. Calvaria from rat fetus at 19 day of gestation, were sequentially digested by enzyme solution consisted of collagenase, trypsin and EDTA for 10 (population I), 10(II), 10(III), 20(IV) and 20 minutes (V). Each bone cell population was primarily cultured for 6-7 days and effects of PTH, calcitonin and PGE_2 on acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and cAMP level were determined. Basal level of acid phosphatase in populations released early were higher than late population. In contrast, basal level of alkaline phosphatase was reversed. PTH(0.4 unit/ml) increased the acid phosphatase activity only in population I with no effect on alkaline phosphatase. Calcitonin(150ng/ml) had no effect on acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in all bone cell populations. cAMP level of population IV and V were increased by PTH significantly while CT had no effect in all bone cell populations at all. PGE_2 increased cAMP in all populations, the acid phosphatase activity in population I and alkaline phosphatase activity in population IV and V. Taken together, these results indicate that population IV and V express typical osteoblastic phenotype while population I revealed some characteristics of osteoclast. Bone cell population IV and V were incubated with fresh MEM or MEM containing 0.4U/ml PTH for 2 hours. After 2 hour-incubation, both the control-conditioned media(control-CM) or PTH-conditioned media(PTH-CM) were collected. Both conditioned media were lyophyllized and redissolved as 2 fold concentrate. Ulnae and radii were removed from 19-day old fetal rats, prelabelled by subcutaneous injection of 200μCi ^45CaCl_2 into their mothers on the 17th day of gestation. After 24 hours, media was changed with fresh BGJb media or BGJb media containing 300μl of control-CM or PTH-CM and cultured for 5 days. Effects of control-CM or PTH-CM were observed by the ratios of %-release of ^45Ca between paired control and experimental group. Control-CM obtained from population IV and V had no or very little effect on bone resorption but PTH-CM obtained from population IV and V increased the ^45Ca release significantly after 3 and 5 days of culture. This result provides the evidence indicating that osteoblastic cells mediate osteoclastic bone resorption stimulated by PTH.

Staphylococcus aureus와 Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus Species에 대한 Arbekacin의 시험관내 항균력

위성헌,강진한,허동호,이동건,김상일,김양리,최정현,김종현,유진흥,허재균,신완식,강문원 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.4

Background : Most strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) now exhibit high-level resistance to various antibiotics, such as β -lactam antibiotics, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines and quinolones. Recent reports describing the therapeutic failure of vancomycin for MRSA infections have arisen considerable concerns regarding the emergence of MRSA strains, which will require new therapeutic agents. Arbekacin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, has antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is stable in the presence of aminoglycoside inactivating enzymes produced by S. aureus. In this study, we compared the antibacterial activity of arbekacin with those of vancomycin, gentamicin, and amikacin against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS). Methods : For a collection of 549 S. aureus and 251 CNS isolates from three Catholic University Hospitals in Korea, minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of arbekacin, vancomycin, amikacin and gentamicin were determined by agar dilution method using Mueller-Hinton agar according to NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, USA)criteria. Results : Among 549 S. aureus isolates, 278 isolates were MRSA and 271 isolates were methicil sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). MIC50 & MIC90 of arbekacin against 549 S. aureus were 0.5 & 1 ㎍/mL, and MIC50 & MIC90 of vancomycin were 1 & 1 ㎍/mL. MIC of arbekacin against 549 S. aureus isolates ranges from 0.03 to 4 ㎍/mL, and MIC of vancomycin against 549 S. aureus ranges from 0.25 to 2 ㎍/mL. MIC90 of amikacin against 549 S. aureus was 32㎍/mL, and that of gentamicin was 128 ㎍/mL. MICs of amikacin and gentamicin were variable, ranging from 0.125 to 256, and otherwise arbekacin and vancomycin revealed relatively narrow range of MICs. MIC90 of arbekacin against 278 MRSA isolates & 271 MSSA were 1 & 0.5 ㎍/mL, and those of vancomycin against MRSA & MSSA were 1 & 1 ㎍/mL. MIC90 of amikacin against 278 MRSA & 271 MSSA isolates were 32 & 4 ㎍/mL, and that of gentamicin against MRSA & MSSA isolates were 128 & 32 ㎍/mL respectively. Among 251 CNS isolates, 122 isolates were MRCNS and 129 were MSCNS. MICSO & MIC90 of arbekacin against 251 CNS isolates were 0.25 & 2 ㎍/mL, and those of vancomycin were 1 & 2 ㎍/mL. MIC of arbekacin against 251 CNS isolates ranges from 0.015 to 32 ㎍/mL, and that of vancomycin isolates ranges from 0.25 to 2 ㎍/mL, MIC90 of arbekacin against 122 MRCNS & 129 MSCNS isolates were 2&0.3 ㎍/ML, and those of vancomycin were 2&s ㎍/ML. MIC90 of amikacin against 251 CNS isolates was 32 ㎍/ML, and that of gentamicin was 128 ㎍/ML for CNS. MIC90 of amikacin against 122 MRCNS & 129 MSCNS isolates were 128 & 8㎍/mL, and those of gentamicin ere 256 & 32 ㎍/mL. Conclusion : Considering above results, arbekacin can be useful agent against most strains of MRSA and MRCMS, which exhibit high-level resistance to amikacin and gentamicin. (Korea J Infect Dis 33:254~260, 2001)

Dibutyryl cAMP 와 theophylline이 조골세포군의 alkaline phosphatase에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김세원,김관식,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1987 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.11 No.2

Effects of PGE_2, dibutyryl cAMP (DBcAMP) and theophylline on the acid and alkaline phosphatase of bone cell populations isolated from fetal rat calvaria were studied. Ten fetal rat calvaria of 19th day of gestation were sequentially digested with enzyme solution consisted of 0.1% collagenase, 0.05% trypsin and 0.5mM EDTA for 10, 10, 10, 20 and 20 minutes, and each bone cell population was primarily cultured for 6-7 days. After primary culture, the effects of PGE_2, DBcAMP and theophylline on acid and alkaline phosphatase were studied. The observed results were as follows. 1. Population IV and V of 5 bone cell populations isolated by sequential enzyme digestion were considered to be osteoblast-like cell population. 2. PGE_2 (500ng/ml) increased acid phosphatase in population I and increased alkaline phosphatase in population III, IV and V after 48 hours of culture. 3. DBcAMP (0.5mM) increased alkaline phosphatase in population II, III and V and DBcAMP (0.5mM) plus PGE_2 (500ng/ml) increased alkaline phosphatase in population II, III, IV and V after 24 hours of culture. 4. Theophylline (1mM) increased alkaline phosphatase in population IV and V, and theophylline (1mM) plus PGE_2 (500ng/ml) increased alkaline phosphatase in population III, IV and V after 24 hours of culture.

Ascorbic acid 가 골조직세포군의 Phosphatase 에 미치는 영향

김상균,김관식,정동균 대한구강생물학회 1987 International Journal of Oral Biology Vol.11 No.2

Several lines of findings suggest that ascorbic acid might influence the function of osteoblasts although no direct evidences were provided. This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ascorbic acid on bone cells employing 5 fetal rat calvarial cell populations isolated by sequential enzyme digestion. Fetal rat calvaria were treated 5 times consecutively with enzyme mixture of collagenase, trypsin and EDTA for 10, 10, 10, 20 and 20 minutes. Each bone cell population was primarily cultured for 6-7 days and then the effect of ascorbic acid (10 and 100㎍/ml) on the phosphatase level were determined. The observed results were as follows. 1. Population IV and V had characteristics of osteoblast such as high alkaline phosphatase level and low acid phosphatase. 2. Ascorbic acid decreased the acid phosphatase activity of population IV, regardless its concentration while did not affect other cell populations. 3. Alkaline phosphatase activity of population IV was increased significantly by ascorbic acid. 4. Taken together, these results suggest that ascorbic acid may promote the differentiation of osteoblasts and its effect is restricted in osteoblastic population only, not in other type of bone cells.

자궁탈의 임상적 고찰

김동원,노형균,안태규,최상준,송창훈,정혁 조선대학교 부설 의학연구소 1999 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical aspects of prolape uteri. This clinical and statistical study was attempted to analyze 369 cases of uterine prolapse(328 cases -operated, the other cases - not operated) from Jan. 1994 to Dec. 1998 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chosun University Hospital. The results were as follows. 1. The incidences of uterine prolapse was 0.62% of the total admitted gynecologic patients during the study period. 2. Age distribution at the time of operation showed that 184 cases(25.6%) were 60 to 65 years of age, and 62 cases(18.2%) were 56 to 60 years of age. 3. Age distribution at the time of development of prolapse uteri showed that 134 cases(36.3%) were 21 to 30 years of age, 126 cases(34.1%) were 31 to 40 years of age. 4. 228 cases(61.7%) were those who had suffered from uterine prolapse for more 11 years and the mean durations were 15.6 years. 5. The degree of prolapse uteri showed that 281 cases(76.1%) were 3rd degree and 61 cases(16.5%) were 2nd degree. 6. The parity showed that 297 cases(80.2%) were over 4 times and 2 cases(0.27%) was nullipara. 7. The delivery place was at home in 318 cases(86.1%) and in hospital in 51 cases(13.9%). 8. The main symptoms comprised prolapse in 311 cases(84.2%), urinary frequency in 259 cases(70.1%), and bearing down sensation in 242 cases (65.8%). 9. An operation in 328 cases was carried out of 369 cases of prolapse uteri, 301 cases were treated by the vaginal hysterectomy with either anterior &osterior repair or posterior repair, 23 cases were treated by anterior &osterior repair. 10. The postoperative complications were urinary tract infection in 7 cases(2.1%), urinary retention in 4 cases(1.2%), vaginal vault prolapse in 2 cases(0.6%). 11. The indwelling foley catheter was kept for 7 days in 279 cases and the average postoperative hospitalization was around 9 days. 12. The postoperative pathologic findings were chronic cervicitis in 211 cases(67.8%), squamous metaplasia of the cervical gland in 98 cases(31.5%), adenomyosis in 69 cases, leiomyoma in 47 cases, and dysplasia of cervix, cervical polyp, endometrial polyp were also resulted. In conclusion, clinical features of uterine prolapse were studied. The clinical evaluation of uterine prolapse include age, parity, degree of prolapse, delivery site, age of onset, symptomatology, type of operation, complications, the results of histopathological examinations. Further study is necessary before these aspects can be implicated in the clinical evaluation of uterine prolapse.

생쥐 鼻中隔 各種 粘膜上皮 및 粘膜下腺의 分布樣狀과 그 表面積에 관한 硏究

金東煥,金武剛,申台均,金弘善,柳時潤,李永浩 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1986 충남의대잡지 Vol.13 No.1

In order to set the distribution pattern and surface area of the mucosal epithelium and submucosal gland in the mice nasal septum. 3-month-old healthy 6 mice weighing 25gm approximately have been contributed for this research. For the mapping of the each nasal epithelium and submucosal gland in the submicroscopic level, the routine paraffin block of the mice nasal septum were cut as the 10㎛ thick at 110㎛ intervals. Consecutive 2 slides were stained with H-E and PAS and reconstructed in form of maps representing the structure in a sagittal plane. The results obtained from this research were summarized as follows. 1. The unilateral nasal surface epithelial area of the mice nasal cavity was 31.23㎟ 2. The areas of the stratified squamous epithelium, respiratory epithelium and olfactory epithelium which compose the unilateral nasal epithelium were 4.47㎟(14.3%), 12.7㎟(40.8%), and 14.02㎟(44.9%), respectively. 3. Submucosal glands in the mice nasal septum were divided into the PAS-positive, PAS-negative and Bowman's glands by the PAS staining. 4. The surface area of the PAS-positive glands in the nasal unilateral septum was 5.23㎟ which is located in the central area of the respiratory portion. 5. The surface area of the PAS-negative glands in the nasal unilateral septum was 5.05㎟ which is located above and below the PAS-positive gland. 6. The surface area of the Bowman's glands was 12.1 ㎟ which was located in the olfactory region. 7. In the vestibular region., 3 ducts of PAS-negative glands of the respiratory region are found, and below the nasal septum there is the infraseptal gland(PAS-negative).