정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Interrelation of Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, and p27Kip1 Expression on Tissue Arrays of Breast Cancer

Sehwan Han,Young-Duck Kim,Hong-Yong Kim,Hong-Joo Kim,Kyeongmee Park,Byung-Noe Bae,Suk Yong Ryu,Ki Hwan Kim 대한암학회 2002 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.34 No.5

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical impact of the alteredexpression of cell cycle regulators in stage I and II breastcancers.Materials and Methods: The interaction between cyclinD1/E and p27Kip1 expressions were analyzed usingtissue microarray (TMA) technology in 133 breast cancers.Data from the immunohistochemical assays of 3molecules were merged, and analyzed, with a Ki67labeling index of the same tumors.Results: Cyclin D1 was expressed in 72 breast carcinomas(54.1%) and cyclin E in 60 (45.1%) out of the 133breast carcinomas. Expressions of cyclin D1 and cyclinE were inversely related to each other, and significantlyassociated with the estrogen receptor (ER) expressionand differentiation of the breast carcinoma. The expressionof cyclin E was significantly decreased in tumorsexpressing cyclin D1 (p=0.022). There was a trend forcyclin D1 expression to increase in tumors expressingp27Kip1 (p=0.053), but the expression of cyclin E didnot correlate with p27Kip1 expression. The Ki67 labelingindex was markedly increased in tumors expressing cyclinE, whereas it was significantly decreased in the cyclin D1or p27Kip1 expressing-tumors. From survival analysis,cyclin E expression was the only significant variable forthe prediction of poor survival.Conclusion: The abnormal expressions of cell cycleregulatory molecules are prevalent, and interrelated witheach other in breast cancer. Integration of TMA technologyallowed a high-throughput analysis for correlating molecularthe in situ findings, with the clinico-pathologicinformation. Among the three molecules studied, thecyclin E had a prognostic implication for stage I and IIbreast cancer. (Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34:388-393)

Expression Profiles of Retinoblastoma Protein and p27Kip1 According to HER2 Amplification Status in Primary Breast Cancer

신재호,Sung-Jin Park,Hyun-Jin Cho,Geumhee Gwak,Byung-Noe Bae,Ki Whan Kim,Hong-Yong Kim2,Kyeongmee Park,Sehwan Han 한국유방암학회 2009 Journal of breast cancer Vol.12 No.1

Purpose: Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)/neu amplification affects the cell proliferation through the modulation of multiple G1 cell cycle regulators in breast tumor cells. We performed this study to investigate whether retinoblastoma protein (pRB) and p27Kip1 were differently expressed according to the HER2 amplification status in human breast cancer. Methods: HER2 amplification was assayed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and the expression of cell cycle regulators were assayed by immunohistochemistry on 153 consecutive invasive breast cancers. The proliferative activity of breast cancer was analyzed according to the HER2 amplification and cell cycle protein expression status. Results: HER2 amplification was observed in 39 (25.5%) of 153 breast cancers. In the HER2 amplified breast cancers, the pRB expression was significantly increased (p=0.011) whereas there was no significant relationship between HER2 amplification and p27Kip1 expression. There was an inverse correlation between pRB expression and Ki-67 labeling index in the HER2 amplified breast cancers (p=0.036). In contrast, Ki67 labeling index was significantly decreased as p27Kip1 expression increased in HER2 non-amplified breast cancers (p=0.028). In HER2 non-amplified breast cancers, we could not observe any association between the pRB expression and Ki67 labeling index. Conclusion: The proliferation of the breast cancers was associated with pRB expression in HER2 amplified tumors whereas it was associated with p27Kip1 expression in HER2 non-amplified tumors. The results of the current study indicate that the cell proliferative activity of the breast cancer is under different growth signal pathways according to HER2 amplification status.

운동선수의 임장불안에 대한 연구

홍관이,이광재,김두경,부기원,노성규,한상준,박기동,오수일,문병용,이철규,박장평,엄기진,박남환 江原大學校附設 體育科學硏究所 1984 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.9

This study is designed to grasp the elements and situations of stage fright in order to propose a part of ways to cope with it. We make 511 top-class high school players, male and female, in the central districts (Seoul, Inchon, Kyungki, Chungbuk, and Kangweon Province) on object of questionnaire, and get the following results. Through players generally have all-round characters they show weakness in the superiority and emotional stability while showing strength in the sonformity. This fact comes to be related to the elements which cause stage fright. Physiological changes also have many effects on the symptom of stage fright. Especially, stage fright increases when players show sensitive reaction to the self-consciousness of final consequence which comes from the tension or uneasiness of sympathetic nerve, Thus, it turns out that players make use of reducing psychological burden by physical exercise or adjusting the level of demanded result in order to release the stage fright.

동전해정제시 음극분극전위에 미치는 첨가제의 영향에 관한 연구

오기식,유용주,김영홍 울산대학교 1985 연구논문집 Vol.16 No.2

전해첨가제를 동전해액(황산동-황산)에 각각 단독으로 또는 복합적으로 첨가하여 음극분극전위를 측정함으로써 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1) 첨가량이 많아짐에 따라 아교와 글리신은 음극분극전위를 현저히 높이며, 아비톤-A는 약간 증가시키고, 티오요소는 소량 첨가할 경우 감소시키나 첨가량이 많아지면 상당히 상승시킨다. 그리고 Cl?은 음극분극전위에 영향을 거의 미치지 않는다. 2) 아교를 주 첨가제로하고 티오요소 및 아비톤-A를 첨가했을 때 티오요소와 아비톤-A는 분극전위에 거의 영향을 미치지 못하고 주로 아교가 영향을 미친다. 3) 아교 5mg/l, 티오요소 3mg/1, Cl? 20mg/l를 가한 전해액을 이용한 일반적인 전해정제로 2.5A/dm²의 고전류밀도에서 평활하고 치밀한 전착면을 얻을 수 있었으며, 불순물의 제거가 가능하고 부동태현상이 발생 하지 않았다. Cathodic polarization potentials during the ectrorefining of copper have been measured under various conditions of addition agents in the copper electrolyte (CuSO₄-H₂SO₄). The results obtained are as follows. 1) The cathode polarization potential is affected by the kind of addition agents and the amount of addition to the electrolyte. Glue and glycine show remarkable increasing effects on the polarization potential, Aviton-A has a little effect. However, thiourea causes the polarization potential to increase considerably at high concentration, but showing a decreasing effect at low concentration. Chlorine has little effect on the polarization potential. 2) In the case of using the electrolyte containing glue with Aviton-A and glue with thiourea as additives, thiourea and Aviton-A have little effect on the polarization potential, while glue shows remarkable effect. 3) The electrorefining was carried out successfully using the electrolyte added glue 5mg/l, thiourea 3mg/l, and chlorine 20,g/l, with the current thiourea 3mg/l, and chlorine 20mg/l, with the current density of 2.5A/dm² for 68hrs at the pilot plant. The surface of deposit copper was smooth and its thickness was uniform, showing the purity of 99.99( copper.

轉移·割當分析과 地域計劃

洪起容 檀國大學校 地域硏究所 1984 地域硏究 Vol.5-6 No.-

The shift and share analysis has become a very popular tool in regional analysis and regional policy. It has been used both a descriptive device and as an Analytical tool. Despite several unsolved theoretical and empirical considerations, shift and share analysis of regional growth has become increasingly popular since 1960. It is relatively inexpensive to implement to a complex input-output analysis. Its data requirement are not overly rigorous. Furthermore, principal methodological procedures are straight forward, because of a its usefulness. The frequent use, together with the continuing discussion about the various merits and demerits of the techniques itself, make desirable a general assessment of the potential contribution of the shift and share analysis. This paper attempts to introduce it as an adquate tool of regional analysis for regional policy making in Korea by identifying and testifying its theory and practical applications. It is also the purpose of this paper to suggest and introduce an approach to regional modelling which satisfies the endogeneity criterion of the growth components of employment and to show the way in which regional expansion paths of output and employment can be developed. This article is organized several parts: A theoretical model is discussed; estimation procedure of the method is proved; empirical estimation is tested; and finally it deals with the limitations, significance and policy implications of the model.

운동기간에 따른 혈중지단백대사 및 비만호르몬의 변화

홍성찬,함용기,김영빈,박병근,정동혁,이정윤,권성택 圓光大學校 附設 體力科學硏究所 2003 體力科學硏究 Vol.26 No.2

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the effects of regular swimming exercise on blood lipoprotein metabolism and leptin. In this study, swimming(HRmax 50-75%, 60min/day, 5day/week) was performed and 18 were participated for study during 16 weeks. They were divided into two groups, one group as experimental group(n=9) and the other as control group(n=9). A measured factors were TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and leptin.. All data were expressed as mean± standard deviation by using spss package program(win 9.0), one way anova and independent t-test was used to analyze the difference of exercise duration(0week, 8week, 12week, 16week) between groups. For all statistics performed statistical significance was set at p<.05. After exercise intervention, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and leptin were found to have more significant effects in the experimental group than control group. This results indicated regular swimming exercise training is beneficial to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease and obesity.

美國과 蘇聯의 地域政策

洪起容 단국대학교 미소연구소 1991 미소연구 Vol.5 No.-

This study presents some comparative findings of regional policies between the USA and the USSR in terms of its objectives, institutional structure, policy means and actual practices. The general consensus on regional issues is that it is the responsibility of the state to work toward the more balanced development of the region with the socially and economically backward. Since two world leading countries, the USA and the USSR, have entirely different national ideologies to obtain the maximum people’s satisfaction by means of capitalism and socialism respectively, it is not surprising that the issues of regional policy have long been of concern to planners. Therefore, this study attempts to find out its practical differences in various aspects. The major findings can be summarized as follows: 1. The major aims of regional policy in both countries have similar objectives and wish to eliminate inequalities between geographical regions. They differ, however, in policy means; federalism in the USA and centralization in the USSR. In other words, the Soviet regional economic policy entails a highly centralized economy by the highest organs of party and state, while the regional policy of the USA has been implemented on the basis of decentralization with a privatizational concept. 2. It seems that the results of regional policy in two countries must be seen as a combination. Neither is the product of two extreme concepts, Marxist dogma and pure capitalism. 3. The Soviet Union is as committed to the principle of regional equality among its constituent republics as the USA is. The Soviet government believes that the important elements of regional development are the optimum usage of the region’s raw materials, improvements in living standards, physical and social infrastructure, employment opportunities and diversification of industrial economy. On the other hand, early U.S. program of regional policy was formed initially by the developing national infrastructure provisions including roads and canals among the states. To overcome a great economic depression and to improve economic and social conditions, the U.S. Government concentrated upon resource development, agricultural development and the development of electrical power. The Tennessee Valley Authority program and the Appalachian regional development project were examples. Recently, the regional policy in the USA has additionally accepted urban oriented issues with privatism. The decentralization and dispersal population and economic activity was perceived to be part of a general economic transformation. In conclusion, the policy differences between two countries can be stated that the USA has more heavily emphasized the market flow principle, while the USSR prefers the directive resource allocation with a view to communist ideology.

공기소총 사격시의 생체변화 분석

엄기진,이철규,박장평,이광재,문병용,홍관이,노성규,오수일,박기동 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所 1985 江原大學校附設體育科學硏究所論文集 Vol.- No.10

This study conducted for analyze the process of physiological variation during shooting, and produce the basic data for training prescription to the performance improvement in Air Rifle Shooting, 9 Elite Rifle shooters )College 3, High School 3, Middle School 3) in GangWeon province were tested the physiological parameter which are Electrocardiograph(E.C.G), Heart-rate(H.R), Respiratory pattern, and Trigger time by polygraph system 8 channel from Sept. 1st to Sept. 10th, 1985. Analyzed experimental results are as follows; 1. Firing at T-P wave in E.C.G, 77.68bpm in H.R)16.68% by resulting H.R), the deep size of inspiration-expiration was low, and 8.34 sec of trigger interval were appeared when the shooter acquired high score. 2. The most effective factor among physiological parameters for excellent shooting score is the inspiratory volume with decresc breathing pattern. 3. Shooting performances correlated with stability and static-dynamic balance, but flexibility effected on negative correlation.

15세기 한자 초성음에 대하여

洪龍基 명지대학교 대학원 1998 대학원논문집 Vol.2 No.-

This study tried to look into the practical sound Korea Chinese characters in the 15th century to the subject of the initial of Chinese characters transcribed at the initial of the Korean script as a part of study on the sound of Korean Chinese characters. It can be said that the Korean script settled as our transcription system from the 15th century has been handed down to us untill now, so from the point of phonological respect, it provide relatively correct data in examining our then pronunciation of the 15th century. In this aspect, it can be inferred that how the initial sound of Chinese characters in the 15th century was roughly realized in the 23 characters system of the Korean script. Thus, this paper avoided discussion of the relatively clearly distinguished sounds of 23 characters, and mentioned only sounds about academical world has not had consistent opinion in the restructuring of sounds. This can be briefly arranged as follows. First, it is inferred that aspirats and unaspirates were in differentiation at the time of accepting Korean Chinese characters, /t^h/, /p^h/,/ts^h/ including /k^h/ were not diferentiated from unaspirates maintaining the same time, but /k^h/ was later diferentiated than other aspirates as the pronunciation position of /k^h/ was the same as that of /h/. In particular, /k^h/ was considered to have gone through this differential process, its differentially accepted sound was fixed, and incorporated into the sound of Korean Chinese characters in the 15th century. Second, for a sonant, there were no sonants at the sound of Korean Chinese characters in the 15th century, parallel writing of each letter was considered a fortis, the nearest Korean sound to a voiced sound. Third, in the sound of Korean Chinese characters in the 15th century, only phonetic value of zero sound and /ŋ/ was perceived. Also linking of 'ㅇ' to 'ㆁ' is likely to be the union of transcription, not that of sound. Fourth, 'ㅿ' was recognized as /η/ and /z/ at the time of accepting the sound of Chinese characters based on the fact that '日'-initial remains zero sound and /s/ in the restructured sound of middle ancient Chinese characters and our pronunciation, and realized as zero phoneme and /s/ phoneme in the 15th century. Thus, 'ㅿ' correspondent to '日'-initial was considered normative phoneme.