Engineering of AlON interlayer in Al₂O₃/AlON/In_0.53Ga_0.47As gate stacks by thermal atomic layer deposition

Lee, Woo Chul,Cho, Cheol Jin,Park, Suk-In,Jun, Dong-Hwan,Song, Jin Dong,Hwang, Cheol Seong,Kim, Seong Keun ELSEVIER 2018 Current Applied Physics Vol.18 No.8

<P>The presence of an AlN interfacial layer in high-k/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stacks improves the interfacial properties and enhances the electrical performance of devices. However, pure AlN is rarely grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) because of the low reactivity of NH3 toward the common Al-precursor and the predisposition to oxidation of the grown AlN layer. Although a plasma-enhanced ALD technique significantly suppresses the oxygen content in the grown AlN layer, the deterioration of the interface properties by plasma-damage is a critical issue. In this work, an AlON interlayer was engineered by optimizing the NH3 feeding time in thermal ALD to improve the interface quality in Al2O3/AlON/In0.53Ga0.47As capacitors. It was determined that a mere increase in the NH3 feeding time during the ALD of the AlON film resulted in a higher nitrogen incorporation into the AlON interlayer, leading to a reduction in the interface trap density. Furthermore, the out-diffusion of elements from the In0.53Ga0.47As layer was effectively suppressed by increasing the NH3 feeding time. This work demonstrates that simple process optimization can improve the interface quality in high-k/In0.53Ga0.47As gate stacks without the use of any plasma-activated nitrogen source.</P>

Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins: Implications in brain health and diseases

Jha, Mithilesh Kumar,Kim, Jong-Heon,Song, Gyun Jee,Lee, Won-Ha,Lee, In-Kyu,Lee, Ho-Won,An, Seong Soo A.,Kim, SangYun,Suk, Kyoungho Elsevier 2018 Progress in neurobiology Vol.162 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Astrocytes, which are homeostatic cells of the central nervous system (CNS), display remarkable heterogeneity in their morphology and function. Besides their physical and metabolic support to neurons, astrocytes modulate the blood-brain barrier, regulate CNS synaptogenesis, guide axon pathfinding, maintain brain homeostasis, affect neuronal development and plasticity, and contribute to diverse neuropathologies via secreted proteins. The identification of astrocytic proteome and secretome profiles has provided new insights into the maintenance of neuronal health and survival, the pathogenesis of brain injury, and neurodegeneration. Recent advances in proteomics research have provided an excellent catalog of astrocyte-secreted proteins. This review categorizes astrocyte-secreted proteins and discusses evidence that astrocytes play a crucial role in neuronal activity and brain function. An in-depth understanding of astrocyte-secreted proteins and their pathways is pivotal for the development of novel strategies for restoring brain homeostasis, limiting brain injury/inflammation, counteracting neurodegeneration, and obtaining functional recovery.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Astrocytes are important regulators of brain functions, and crucial functions are executed via astrocyte-secreted proteins. </LI> <LI> Astrocyte-secreted proteins play key roles in physiological processes and execute both detrimental and beneficial actions in CNS disorders. </LI> <LI> Understanding the many functions of astrocyte-secreted proteins under specific spatiotemporal conditions may lead to major advancements in astrocyte biology. </LI> <LI> Functional dissection of astrocyte-secreted proteins can facilitate the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

한국인 알코올 의존 환자에서 알코올 대사 효소 유전자형 빈도의 남녀 차이

김성곤,김철민,이덕기,황인복,이현숙,김성연,전은숙,송영상,박제민,최병무,김명정 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.2

Objectives : There are a number of preceding epidemiological studies reporting gender differences in the genetic etiology of alcohol dependence. The author investigated gender difference in the frequencies of ADH2 and ALDH2 genoypes between the patients with alcohol dependence and normal control. Methods : The subjects were 141 alcohol dependent patients (104 males, 37 females) and 138 normal control (79 males, 59 females). The frequencies of 1/1 and 1/2+2/2 (2+ afterward) genotypes for ADH2 and ALDH2 were investigated in male and female between alcohol dependence and normal control group. DNA was extracted from WBC in peripheral venous blood and PCR-RFLP method was used out for genotyping. Results : First, the frequency of ADH2 1/1 genotype was significantly higher in alcohol dependent patients than normal control in both genders. Second, while there was no gender difference in the frequency of ADH2 1/1 genotype in normal controls, in the patient group however, the frequency was significantly higher in females than males. Third, in male subjects with alcohol dependence, the frequency of ALDH2 1/1 genotype was significantly higher than in male normal control subjects. On the other hand, in female subjects with alcohol dependence, the frequency of ALDH2 2+ genotype was significantly higher than in female normal control subjects. Conclusion : These results suggest that while the risk of alcohol dependence is predominantly affected by ALDH2 1/1 geno-type in male, the female ADH2 1/1 genotype is mainly associated with the risk of alcohol dependence. This means that there are gender differences in the genetic etiology of alcohol dependence.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

공단지역 및 청정지역 식물 잎권의 잎표면세균 및 내산성세균의 분포

안종훈,방숙진,한남정,송왕영,황소영,이인수,박성주 대전대학교 이과대학 기초과학연구소 1997 自然科學 Vol.- No.-

산성강하물의 영향을 받는 대천공단지역과 영향을 받지 않는 청정지역인 대전 계족산 자연휴양림에서 자라는 밤나무(Castanea crenat)의 잎표면에서 서식하는 총세균수, 생존세균수, 종속영양세균수, 내산성세균수를 1996년 8월부터 1997년 8월까지 5회에 걸쳐 조사하였다. 공단지역 잎표면 평균 총세균수, 생존세균수 및 종속영양세균수는 각각 9.9×10^(5) cell/㎠, 1.6×10⁴cell/㎠, 7.1×10³cell/㎠,로서 청정지역에 비하여 각각 1.5배, 2배, 2.6배 정도로 관찰되었다. MPN법으로 측정한 pH 5.6애서의 잎표면 내산성세를수는 공단지역 3.3×10⁴, 청정지역 3.4×10⁴MON/㎠로 거의 같았고, pH 4.0에서의 내산성세균수는 공단지역애서 1.9×10^-(-1)MPN/㎠인 반면 청정지역에서는 전혀 검출되지 않았다. pH 3.0에서의 내산성 잎표면세균수는 공단지역과 청정지역의 잎권 어느 곳에서도 검출되지 않았다. 한편 계절별 잎표면세균수의 분포는 대체로 잎이 나기 시작하여 크기가 가장 작은 5월에 최대를, 그리고 낙엽이 지는 11월에 최소를 나타내었다. 이런 결과는 공단지역의 대기오염물질의 침적이 주변의 식물 잎표면 세균수를 감소시키지는 않으며, 특히 산성강하물의 영향으로 내산성세균수가 증가함을 보여주고 있다. Total, direct viable count, and acid-tolerant epiphytic bacterial population sizes were quantified on leaves of chestnut tree (Castanea crenata S. et Z.) near Taejon Industrial Estate affected by acid precipitation and deposition as well as in the clean natural forest area, Mt. Kyejok, in Taejon city from August 1996 to August 1997. Geometric mean numbers of total, direct viable count, and acid-tolerant epiphytic bacteria were 9.9×10^(5) cell/㎠, 1.6×10^(6)cell/㎠, and 7.1×10³cfu/㎠ respecfvely, being 1.5, 2, and 2.6 times those in the clean area. Acid-to-lerant epiphytic bfcterial numbers at pH 5.6 by MPN method were 3.3×10" in the industrial area, about the same as the number,3.4×104 MPNicni, of the clean area. Acid-tolerant bacterial number at pH 4.0 was 1.9×10^(-1)MPN/㎠ in the industrial area, whereas none was detected in the clean area. Acid-tolerant bacteria at pH 3.0 were not detected at all in the industrial area as well as in the clean area. Epiphytic bacterial population sizes were generally the greatest in May when leaves are emerged and grew but the lowest in November when defoliation occurs. These results showed that air pollutant deposition on leaves did not cause a deuease of epiphytic bacteria at least and acid deposition on leaves did cause an increase of acid-tolerant bacteria.

메모리 친수성 아크릴릭 인공수정체의 백내장 수술 2년후 임상결과

김유리,서성욱,정인영,송준경,Eu Rie Kim,Seong Wook Seo,In Young Chung,Jun Kyong Song 대한안과학회 2007 대한안과학회지 Vol.48 No.3

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical results of thermoplastic, hydrophilic acrylic IOL CV232 (MemoryLens?, CIVA Vision, USA) to those of hydrophobic acrylic IOL AR40e (Sensar?, AMO, USA). Methods: Twenty patients had in-the-bag implantation of a MemoryLens? IOL in 1 eye and a Sensar? in the opposite eye in a randomized fashion after uneventful phacoemulsification. We evaluated the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) at a mean 30.05 months after surgery. Results: Two years postoperatively, a BCVA of 0.8 or better was found in 65% of the MemoryLens? group and in 60% of the Sensar? group. There was no statistically significant differences between the two groups (p>0.50). PCO developed in 55% in the MemoryLens? group and in 65% of the Sensar? group. Again, no statistically significant differences were found between the two groups (p>0.50). Conclusions: There were no significant differences between the two different intraocular lenses in BCVA or PCO postoperatively.

생체분해성 망막압정을 이용한 망막고정에 대한 실험적 연구

김용백,민병무,김창식,박근성,김승영,길숙종,조항진,이성복,노승무,송규상,강대영,조준식,양준묵,정경수,최선웅,이진호,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

Biodegradable retinal fixation devices obtain mechnical fixation of the retina with desirable chorioretinal scarring and with the potential for local, sustained release of antimetabolites and steroids to inhibit proliferative vitreoretinopathy. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack with barb that was designed in order to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. This study was carried to evaluate the efficacy for retinal fixation and the capability for sustained release of drugs with a newly designed biodegradable retinal tack Biodegradable retinal tacks were made of polymers of glycolic acids and were designed with barbs in a shape to prevent the disinsertion. Biodegradale retinal tacks are divided into 3 parts, a conical portion that is inserted into the sclera, a cylinder portion that remains in the vitreous, and a neck portion between the pin and the cylinder. The tapered conical end was manufactured to allow easy insertion through the retina and choroid into the sclera. A cylinder portion was manufactured with a tapered angle that fixes firmly into the orifice of 19 gauge spinal needle. A neck portion, 0.4 mm in diameter, was designed to prevent disinsertion from following implantation of retinal tack. The applicator was a 19 gauge spinal needle and its orifice was prepared to 15°angle to accept the tapered cylinder portion of the retinal tack. The retinal tacks, secured in the needles, were passed through the formed vitreous and inserted into the retina, choroid, and sclera and were released by pushing the internal needle, usually within 2-3mm of the medullary ray of the posterior rabbit retina A retinal tack was placed in each of 8 pigmented rabbit eyes. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy and fundus photography were performed periodically from 1 day to 8 weeks after surgery. Eight eyes were enucleated and studied by light microscopy at 8 weeks. Biomicroscopic evaluation of the animals revealed edemas adjacent to the retinal surfaces immediately after insertion of the biodegradable retinal tacks in all the animals. These edemas disappeared after 1 week. The first noticeable change in the size of retinal tacks was shown after 2weeks. The size of the retinal tacks gradually got smaller, decreasing to about one-half at 4 weeks and about one-third at 8 weeks. All retinal tacks remained in inserted places without any movement for an 8 week period. On light microscopy, epiretinal proliferations were seen to extend into the vitreous cavity. Cellular capsules that lined the inner aspect of the scleral defect caused by tack insertion were found. However the adjacent retina had a normal cytologic appearance and architecture in all specimens. We manufactured a biodegradable retinal tack that is designed to prevent intrusion from implantation of retinal tacks. All biodegradable retinal tacks reduce in size with time, but no retinal tacks extruded from the inserted place. The newly designed biodegradable retinal tack can be used for retinal fixation and may be used as a vehicle for the introduction of pharmacologic agents to prevent the cellular events that promote proliferative vitreoretinopathy.

서울 삼청동35번지 도시한옥주거지 필지구획에 관한 연구

성태원,송인호 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.9

This traditional urban housing area was built by private building company. By constructing an embankment with a height of more than 10m, these companies developed the steep woodlands, thus establishing new artificial sites for housing. It can be explained through their process of development in the structure of the alleys and lots. The typomorphological principle of this urban tissue can be read by observing this development process. Retroactively tracing the process of owner change recorded in old cadastral maps, we could reconstruct the system of development. Area of 35 Samcheong has resulted from combining conventional housing type with the residential area of a new concept. 35 Samcheong, therefore, occupies a period of transition which, significantly, helps to understand transformation from traditional concept to the new concept. 9170 pyongs(30,314㎡) of Large-scale plot was divided into 20-40 pyongs(70-130㎡) small-scale plots by economic logic in the middle of 1930's Urban traditional housing area of 35 Samcheong, distinct from other tissues, shows grid which consists of the series of two rows of plots. This residential area, 35 Samcheong, had been formed through the new concept different from traditional concept which constructed residential area. Assuming that existing studies established result that described the condition of a point in time with typological frame, this study intended to find causes of morphological character through the process of plot-division, which allowed the clustered-form of small-scale urban traditional housing, with morphogenetic frame.

WLL 증폭기 불요방사 성능분석

김성철,송인근 우송대학교 1999 우송대학교 논문집 Vol.4 No.-

In this paper the system perfomance degradation resulting from nonlinear transmitter power amplifier which is essential to increase the efficiency is analyzed in a WLL-CDMA system. The power amplifier is modeled by its AM-AM, AM-PM characteristics. Through the investigation of the power spectrum density of the transmitted signal , spectral regrowth or sideband regrowth which is result from amplitude distortion can be seen. All these characteristics result in BER performance degradation due to other user interferences and intersymbol interference. The analysis technique described here applies not only to power amplifier but also to any other nonlinear components such as mixers and switches. Also the effects of adjacent channel interference and supurious emission can be analyzed between different systems.

Gastrosplenic Fistula Complicated in a Patient with N on-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

Seong Eun Yang,Jong Youl Jin,Chi Won Song,Ji Chan Park,Jee In Lee,Wook Kim,Jeana Kim,Hae Giu Lee 대한암학회 2002 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.34 No.2

Reported cases of gastrosplenic fistulas are extremelyrare in the literature. Malignancy is the primary cause in50% of patients, followed by perforated peptic ulcer(40%). Fistulas can cause spleen rupture and potentialbleeding that threaten the life of the patient. Lymphomais the most common cause of malignancy complicatedwith gastrosplenic fistula. Most gastrosplenic fistulaecaused by lymphoma eventually close following chemotherapy,although splenectomy should be performed toavoid further complications.We experienced a case of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomacomplicated with gastrosplenic fistula in a 21 year-oldman. He was admitted to our hospital because of LUQmass.On the abdominal CT, a splenic mass with central necrosisand gas was discovered. The biopsy specimen of thestomach and spleen displayed diffuse, large B cell typenon-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. After one cycle of CHOP chemotherapy,the LUQ mass was markedly regressedalthough the gastrosplenic fistula was still present on thefollow-up CT. The fistula was treated by splenectomy anda partial resection of gastric fundus. Follow-up chemotherapywas continued after surgery. (Cancer Res Treat. 2002;34:153-156)