전국규모 모유은행 운영보고

송강훈,이유민,장지영,박은영,박성애,조남규,배종우,Song, Kang-Hoon,Lee, Yoo-Min,Chang, Ji-Young,Park, Eun-Young,Park, Sung-Ae,Cho, Nam-Kyu,Bae, Chong-Woo 대한소아청소년과학회 2010 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.53 No.4

서 론 : 모유은행이란 모집한 기증자들로부터 모유를 수집하고, 처리하고, 부적절한 것은 폐기하며, 저장하는 일을 하고, 모유를 필요로 하는 사람들에게 모유를 제공하는 일을 한다. 전국규모의 모유은행을 운영하기 시작하여 2년의 경험에 대해 보고하고자 한다. 방 법 : 2007년 8월부터 2009년 8월까지 2년 동안, 동서신의학병원 모유은행의 기증자 분석, 기증량, 가공량, 수혜자 분석, 수혜량 등을 조사하였다. 결 과 : 총 기증자는 신규자 131명, 지속 기증자 39명이었고, 기증 횟수는 신규자가 341회, 지속 기증자가 127회 이었으며, 1달 평균 기증 횟수는 신규자 2.6회, 지속 기증자 3.3회이었다. 기증자의 지역분포는 서울 경기 지역이 79% 이었고, 연령은 20대 37%, 30대 60%, 기증자의 직업은 주부 60%, 회사원 35%, 기증자의 기증 동기는 인터넷 66%, TV 방송 매체가 14%, 분만 후 기증 개시 시기는 3개월 이내: 57%, 4-6개월이 29%이었다. 총 수집 2,736 L, 가공양은 1,979 L이었다. 누적 수혜자는 미숙아 신생아를 포함한 영아가 160명, 성인이 21명이었고 수혜 횟수는 영아가 337회, 성인이 41회 이었다. 총 수혜량은 영아에서 1,663 L, 성인이 179 L 이었다. 수혜자의 특징은 지역적으로 서울 경기가 82%, 수혜자의 연령에서 영아인 경우 3개월 미만이 50%, 4-6개월이 30% 이었고, 성인에서는 20-39세 40%, 60세 이상이 40%, 이었다. 수혜 이유로 아동 측에서는 환경여건, 영아질환, 아토피, 모유수유 거부 등이 있었고, 산모 측의 이유로는 모성질환, 모유량 감소 등이 있었다. 성인의 경우 전부 악성 종양에 의한 음식섭취 곤란에서 모유수유를 원하는 경우이었다. 동 병원의 NICU에서 필요한 환아 자신의 엄마 모유를 공급하는데 본 모유은행이 역할을 하였다. 결 론 : 타인의 남는 모유를 위생학적으로 안전하고, 의학적으로도 검정된 방법으로 수집, 가공, 보관하여 모유수유가 필요한 미숙아, 신생아, 영아와 일부 모유를 필요로 하는 성인에서 제공하는 모유은행의 역할을 인식할 수 있었으며, 전국적으로 규모를 확대하는 국가지원의 제도적 뒷받침이 필요하다고 사료된다. Purpose : A human milk bank collects, processes, eliminates, and stores breast milk from donors and provides breast milk to those in need. The authors hereby present the experiences and the objective lessons obtained through operating a nationwide human milk bank over a period of 2 years. Methods : The characteristics of the donors and the recipients and the amounts of breast milk donated, processed, and received at the East-West Neo Medical Center Human Milk Bank were investigated from August 2007 to August 2009. Results : The donor pool consisted of 131 first-time donors and 39 repeat donors who made 341 and 127 donations, respectively. Seventy-nine percent of the donors resided in the Seoul-Kyunggi area, and 60% of the donors were in their 30s. Most information and motivation came from the Internet (66%) or television (14%). A total of 2,736 L of breast milk was collected, and 1,979 L were processed. The cumulative number of recipients was 160 preterm or full-term infants and 21 adults, each group receiving the breast milk 337 and 41 times, respectively. In total, infants received 1,663 L and adults received 179 L. Conclusion : Through the present study, the role and importance of a human milk bank in collecting, pasteurizing, and storing surplus breast milk in through sanitary, medically proven methods and providing this breast milk to recipients could be appreciated and reevaluated. The authors believe that a national support system is necessary to expand this practice to a nationwide scale.

한국의 미래 화훼 신품종 개발 방향

강훈,소인섭,송관정 제주대학교 아열대농업생명과학연구소 2007 아열대농업생명과학연구지 Vol.23 No.1

복합 감염에 의해 발생한 급속진행성 반월상 사구체신염

송강훈 ( Kang Hoon Song ),박성신 ( Sung Shin Park ),김성도 ( Sung Do Kim ),조병수 ( Byoung Soo Cho ) 대한신장학회 2008 춘계학술대회 초록집 Vol.28 No.1

저온 외기조건에서 케스케이드 급탕열펌프의 성능특성에 관한 해석적 연구

송재현(Jaehyun Song),정해원(Haewon Jung),박재우(JaeWoo Park),강훈(Hoon Kang),김용찬(Yongchan Kim) 대한설비공학회 2013 설비공학 논문집 Vol.25 No.5

Heat pump systems have been widely adopted in buildings for cooling and heating, due to their higher energy efficiency. Recently, the demand for hot water supply from the heat pump system has been increasing. To increase the water supply temperature with higher system efficiency and reliability, a heat pump water heater adopting cascade cycle was investigated in this study. The cascade heat pump water heater consisted of a low-stage cycle using R410A, and a high-stage cycle using R134a. A simulation program for the cascade heat pump water heater was developed, and verified by comparison with experimental data. The performance of the cascade heat pump water heater was optimized, by varying the compressor rotating speeds of the low- and high-stage cycles. At low ambient temperatures, the performance of the cascade cycle was compared with that of the single-stage cycle. The system efficiency of the cascade cycle was higher than that of the single-stage cycle, showing a lower compression ratio and compressor discharge temperature.

[한반도 Plus] 트럼프, 대북·대이란 ‘코로나 정치’

송수경,강훈상 연합뉴스 동북아센터 2020 마이더스 Vol.2020 No.4

일차 흉터형성탈모 환자의 질환 인식수준, 의료 이용행태, 진단 및 치료 현황, 삶의 질 및 동반 질환: 국내 다기관 설문조사 연구

송서원,이동건,강훈,유박린,최지웅,권오상,이양원,김범준,이영,박진,김문범,김도영,김상석,박병철,이상훈,최광성,신현태,허창훈,장용현,서수홍,전지현,박현선,원종현,김민성,노병인,이지현,유동수,우유리,김효진,김정은 대한피부과학회 2024 대한피부과학회지 Vol.62 No.4

Background: Primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA) is a rare disease that causes irreversible destruction of hair follicles and affects the quality of life (QOL). Objective: We aimed to investigate the disease awareness, medical use behavior, QOL, and real-world diagnosis and treatment status of patients with PCA. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was administered to patients with PCA and their dermatologists. Patients aged between 19 and 75 years who visited one of 27 dermatology departments between September 2021 and September 2022 were included. Results: In total, 274 patients were included. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.47, with a mean age of 45.7 years. Patients with neutrophilic and mixed PCA were predominantly male and younger than those with lymphocytic PCA. Among patients with lymphocytic PCA, lichen planopilaris was the most common type, and among those with neutrophilic PCA, folliculitis decalvans was the most common type. Among the total patients, 28.8% were previously diagnosed with PCA, 47.0% were diagnosed with PCA at least 6 months after their first hospital visit, 20.0% received early treatment within 3 months of disease onset, and 54.4% received steady treatment. More than half of the patients had a moderate to severe impairment in QOL. Topical/intralesional steroid injections were the most common treatment. Systemic immunosuppressants were frequently prescribed to patients with lymphocytic PCA, and antibiotics were mostly prescribed to patients with neutrophilic PCA. Conclusion: This study provides information on the disease awareness, medical use behavior, QOL, diagnosis, and treatment status of Korean patients with PCA. This can help dermatologists educate patients with PCA to understand the necessity for early diagnosis and steady treatment.

동시냉난방 히트펌프의 냉매 충전량과 운전모드 변화에 따른 성능특성에 관한 연구

송인식(In Sik Song),최종민(Jong Min Choi),주영주(Young Ju Joo),정현준(Hyun Joon Chung),강훈(Hoon Kang),김용찬(Yongchan Kim) 대한설비공학회 2008 설비공학 논문집 Vol.20 No.7

The cooling load in winter is significant in many commercial buildings and hotels because of the usage of office equipments and the high efficiency of wall insulation. The development of a multi-heat pump that can cover heating and cooling simultaneously for each indoor unit is required. In this study, the performance of a multi-heat pump with 3-piping system was investigated as a function of refrigerant charge and its performance was analyzed in cooling mode, heating mode, and heat recovery mode. COP in the heating or cooling mode showed little dependence on refrigerant charge at overcharge conditions, while those were strongly dependent on refrigerant charge at undercharge conditions and outdoor inlet temperature. In the heat recovery mode, the performance of the system was very sensitive to charge amount at all conditions. Optimum charge amount in the heat recovery mode was 14% lower than that in the cooling mode at the standard condition because the refrigerant only passed the indoor units. It is required to store the excessive refrigerant charge in a storage tank to optimize the system performance at operating modes.

Complete rooming-in care of newborn infants

이유민,송강훈,김영미,강진선,장지영,설현주,최용성,배종우 대한소아청소년과학회 2010 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.53 No.5

Purpose : In Kyung Hee East-West Neo Medical Center, Seoul,Korea, efforts to raise rooming-in care success rate have been undertaken since when the hospital was established in 2006. We intended to analyze our experience over the past 3 years of period and to discuss the advantages of rooming-in. Methods : We analyzed the rooming-in practice rate, failure rate,and the breast feeding rate. Subjects were 860 normal healthy neonates from June 2006 to June 2009. Results : Among these 860 cases, 83 babies were required separation out of rooming-in in the middle of the course. Among these 83 cases, 70 cases had to stop the course due to poor condition of babies and 13 cases due to maternal condition. 70cases of infant’s causes consist of 68 cases of NICU admission and 2 cases of poor feeding support. The other 13 cases of separation include refusal by maternal condition. Therefore the success rate of rooming-in for the last 3 years was 90.3%, that is 777 cases among the total 860 cases. The percentage of exclusive breast feeding was 64%, that of mixed feeding with breast and formula feeding was 25%, and formula feeding only was 11%. Conclusion : We experienced successful rooming-in care for the last 3 years. Nursery facilities should educate and encourage the advantages of rooming-in, including the good formation of attachment between mother and infant, emotional stability,protection from infection, and increased breast feeding rate so that rooming-in care can be fully established.

Feasibility Study of Methanesulfonic Acid (MSA), an Alternative Lixiviant to Improve Conventional Sulfuric Acid Leaching of NCM Black Mass

정혜원,이제승,송강훈,박민서,안준모,Hyewon Jung,Jeseung Lee,Ganghoon Song,Minseo Park,Junmo Ahn The Korean Institute of Resources Recycling 2024 資源 리싸이클링 Vol.33 No.1

Critical minerals such as nickel, cobalt and lithium, are known as materials for cathodic active materials of lithium ion batteries. The consumption of the minerals is expected to grow with increasing the demands of electric vehicles, resulting from carbon neutrality. Especially, the demand for LIB (lithium ion battery) recycling is expected to increase to meet the supply of nickel, cobalt and lithium for LIB. The recycling of EOL (end-of-life) LIB can be achieved by leaching EOL LIB using inorganic acid such as HCl, HNO₃ and H₂SO₄, which are regarded as hazardous materials. In the present study, the potential use of MSA (Methanesulfonic acid), as an alternative lixiviant replacing sulfuric acid was investigated. In addition, leaching behaviors of NCM black mass leaching with MSA was also investigated by studying various leaching factors such as chemical concentration, leaching time, pulp density (P/D) and temperatures. The leaching efficiency of nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), lithium (Li), and manganese (Mn) from LIB was enhanced by increasing concentration of lixiviant and reductant, leaching time and temperature. The maximum leaching of the metals was above 99% at 80℃. In addition, MSA can replace sulfuric acid to recover Ni, Co, Li, Mn from NCM black mass.

소아 재발성 중이염의 위험인자에 대한 연구

김은진,권영란,송강훈,장원녕,이진,장진근,차성호 대한소아감염학회 2010 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.17 No.2

Purpose : Recurrent otitis media (ROM) is usually defined as ≥3 distinct and well-documented episodes within 6 months or ≥4 episodes within 12 months. ROM is sufficiently important to warrant consideration of chemoprophylaxis, tympanostomy tube placement. There also is evidence that children with ROM are at risk for both hearing loss and speech delay. However,studies of ROM have been notably insufficient. In addition, even though environmental, racial, and sociocultural differences can affect risk factors, few studies have been conducted with regard to recurrent otitis media in Korea. Methods : This study was conducted from July 2009 to January 2010 with infants and children who were younger than 60months old, who visited the out-patient clinics at Han-Il General Hospital and Kyunghee University Hospital. Data were collected by interview using a pre-formed sheet. Among a total of 892 infants and children, 457 were excluded, and the remaining 435 were allocated to 104 with ROM and 331 as a control group. Results : Attendance at daycare centers (P <0.001, OR=2.85), allergic rhinitis (P =0.026, OR=2.32), past history of bronchiolitis (P =0.003, OR=2.33), and low socioeconomic status (P =0.005, OR=2.00) were found to have a close significant correlation with ROM. Risk factors such as sex, having a sibling, breast-feeding, use of pacifiers, atopy, pneumococcal vaccination,influenza vaccination, smoking of parents, and indoor smoking are not relevant. Conclusion : Attendance at daycare centers, allergic rhinitis, past history of bronchiolitis, and low socioeconomic status have been identified as risk factors for ROM. 목 적:재발성 중이염은 말하기, 언어, 인지 능력 지연및 저하를 유발할 수 있으며, 청력 소실 혹은 손상을 초래할 수 있다. 또한 재발성 중이염을 앓는 소아들은 예방적 항생제 투여, 고막 절개와 튜브 삽입, 아데노이드 절제의 고려 대상이 된다. 하지만 재발성 중이염의 위험인자에 관한 연구는 매우 부족하며, 국내에서는 이에 관한연구가 아직까지 없다. 이에 저자들은 우리나라의 소아재발성 중이염의 위험인자들에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 2009년 7월부터 2010년 1월까지 한일 병원과경희의료원 소아청소년과 외래를 방문한 60개월 미만의소아를 대상으로, 104명의 재발성 중이염군과 331명의대조군을 대면조사를 통해 조사하였다. 성별, 모유수유,인공 젖꼭지 사용, 어린이집 이용, 알레르기 비염 병력,모세기관지염의 병력, 소득 수준, 부모 흡연, 집안에서의흡연, 폐구균 백신 및 인플루엔자 백신 접종력 등의 항목을 조사하였다. 각각의 위험인자와 재발성 중이염간의연관성을 확인하기 위해 카이제곱 검정을 통한 단변량분석을 시행하였고, 단변량 분석에서 의미 있었던 위험인자들 간의 교란변수를 보정하기 위해 이분형 로지스틱회귀분석을 통한 다변량 분석도 시행하였다. 결 과:단변량 분석에서는 어린이집 이용, 알레르기 비염, 아토피, 모세기관지염, 부모 흡연, 집안에서의 흡연,낮은 사회경제 상태가 의미 있는 위험인자였다. 하지만폐구균 백신 접종은 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 교란변수를 보정한 다변량 분석에서는 아토피, 부모 흡연, 집안에서의 흡연을 제외한, 어린이집 이용(P <0.001, OR=2.85), 알레르기 비염(P =0.026, OR=2.32), 모세기관지염(P =0.003, OR=2.33), 낮은 경제상태(P =0.005,OR=2.00)가 의미 있는 독립적인 위험인자였다. 결 론 : 알레르기 비염과 모세기관지염의 병력이 있고,낮은 사회경제 상태에 있으며, 어린이집을 이용하고 있는 소아일수록 재발성 중이염에 걸릴 위험이 높았다.