Simplified Effective Compressive Strengths of Columns with Intervening Floor Slabs

Seung?Ho Choi,Jin?Ha Hwang,Sun?Jin Han,Hae?Chang Cho,Jae Hyun Kim,Kang Su Kim 한국콘크리트학회 2020 International Journal of Concrete Structures and M Vol.14 No.5

The current design codes discuss the effective compressive strengths of columns, which reflect a decrease in load transfer performance that can occur when columns and slabs have different concrete compressive strengths. The effective compressive strength of a column increases as it is confined by the slab, and the design codes mandate three different effective compressive strengths for interior columns (confinement on four sides), exterior columns (confinement on three sides), and corner columns (confinement on two sides). For both corner and exterior columns, the confinement effect of the slab is significantly smaller than that for the interior column, and there is a more marked decrease in load transfer performance. However, there is still a lack of theoretical studies investigating the effective compressive strengths of the corner and exterior columns. Therefore, based on the analysis model established in previous research, this study has proposed an equation for calculating the effective compressive strengths of the corner, exterior and isolated columns without any confinement effects of the slab. In addition, axial loading tests of isolated columns were conducted and the proposed equation was verified.

Anti‑inflammatory effect of Rosa laevigata extract on in vitro and in vivo model of allergic asthma via the suppression of IgE and related cytokines

Seung‑Hyeon Lee,Seung‑Han Choi,In‑Seung Lee,Yumi Kim,Eun‑Jin An,Hyeung‑Jin Jang 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.2

Backgrounds Exposure to a toxic stress environment leads to excessive inflammatory reactions and induces allergic asthma resulting in airway hyper-responsiveness. We investigated whether Rosa laevigata Michx. (RL) exhibits anti-inflammatory effects related allergic asthma in both an in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods To investigate the preventive effect of RL, A549 cells were pretreated with non-toxic doses of RL (500, 1000 μg/ mL) and induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) (10 ng/mL). First, we evaluated cytotoxicity via a MTT assay. The inhibitory effects of NF-κB activity and COX-2 expression were confirmed by a western blot assay. In the in vivo study, BALB/c mice were challenged with regard to ovalbumin via an intraperitoneal injection of RL (50, 100 mg/kg) and were killed to collect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissues and blood serum. The number of inflammatory cells, the secretion of IgE and related cytokines were monitored by ELISA and multiplex assays. Results RL significantly suppressed NF-κB activity and COX-2 expression levels in EGF-induced A549 cells. In a chronic inflammation mice model, pretreatment of RL attenuated allergic airway inflammation by reducing inflammatory cells, the secretion of IgE and related cytokines in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions The results of this study present the possibility of RL as a therapeutic agent for allergic asthma patients via the suppression of IgE and related cytokines.

자기공명영상용 라디오주파수 코일의 제작에 있어서 동조 및 매칭에 영향을 미치는 전기 용량 값들의 실험적 측정

양경승,신용진,김영섭,한재진,이성길,김승국,김영근,지연상 조선대학교 기초과학연구소 2003 自然科學硏究 Vol.26 No.-

Radio frequency coil which is capable of transmit and receive the signal has been used for image production in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI). Tuning and matching characteristic of radio frequency coil is major factor determining the image quality. In experiment the used coil was called a staircase type coil which is simplified the birdcage coil and referred to a simple LC resonant circuit. Because the inductance values of the coils are fixed coil performance was examined by changing of the capacitance values. In this study capacitance values were experimentally determined to increase of-tuning and matching effect in junction of the coil between coil endring and BNC cable to obtain the high quality of image.

동일한 시료에 대한 국내 기관간의 STR 분석결과 비교 : STR 유전자좌 분석법의 표준화 설정을 위하여

박종태,신경진,양윤석,우광만,이숭덕,이승환,이정빈,정연보,조승희,한길로,한면수,홍승범 大韓法醫學會 2001 대한법의학회지 Vol.25 No.1

This paper described a collaborative exercise intended to see what kinds of short tandem repeat (STR) loci are used in different DNA typing laboratories in Korea and to compare their results for the demonstration whether uniformity of DNA profiling results from different laboratory could be achieved in Korea Laboratories were asked to test five tissue DNAs using methods routinely used in each laboratory and to report the results to the coordinating laboratory. The exercise demonstrated that each laboratory was using different STR loci for the typing with different STR numbers,2 VNTRS,36 STRs and amelogenin in total, and the direct comparison of the results from all the laboratory for the 18 loci could not be done as only one laboratory submitted typing results. Among 21 loci for which several laboratories submitted typing results, results for 14 loci were the same and results for the other 7 loci were different depending on the participating laboratory. D1S80, F13A01, D16S539, D21S11, D18S51, D3S1744 were the loci with different typing results. Even in the cases where commercial kits were used, the results were not the same depending on the machines used, that is the capillary electrophoresis or the gel based electrophoresis. The reason for the different results, points about the standardization of the methods arid the profiling data were described.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

간호사의 정신과 자문에 대한 기대도

韓辰熙,房勝規,金光壽,柳太烈 최신의학사 1991 最新醫學 Vol.34 No.1

인간과 생태계의 화해를 위한 창조신앙의 새로운 해석

한승진 한국방송통신대학교 통합인문학연구소 2010 통합인문학연구 Vol.2 No.2

기독교에 대한 비판적 생태론자들은 기독교 세계관이 오늘의 생태계 위기의 주범이라는 주장을 펼쳐왔다. 이러한 주장은 기독교 신앙의 전거인 성서의 맨 첫 장에 나오는 창조신앙에 대한 비판에서 시작된다. 즉, 창세기 1장 1절 “한 처음에 하느님께서 하늘과 땅을 지어내셨다”는 기독교 신앙고백이 생태계를 탈신성화하고 탈마법화함으로써 인간을 생태계로부터 해방시키고 자연과학의 발달을 가능하게 했다고 본다. 그리고 기독교 창조신앙은 생태계에 대한 인간의 존재론적 우위성을 인정함으로써 인간의 생태계 지배와 착취를 정당화했다고 본다. 이 논문은 이러한 물음에 대하여 기독교생태윤리는 어떤 변호가 가능한가? 또한 소극적인 변호를 넘어서 생태계 위기 극복을 위한 윤리적 토대를 제시할 수 있는가에 대하여 논의를 전개해나갈 것이다. 이를 위해 먼저 기독교신앙의 전거로서 성서는 과연 생태계를 어떻게 말하고 있는지 살펴보려고 한다. 그리고 인간과 생태계의 관계를 규명하고, 이에 따라 인간이 생태계와 상생하는 윤리적 방안으로서 창조신앙의 새로운 이해를 통해, 바람직한 창조의 완성을 이루어가는 인간형을 제시하고자 한다. 이 논문은 성서를 주요 텍스트로 삼아 논의를 진척시켜 나가려고한다. 전통적 창조신앙은 인간을 생태계로부터 구분할 뿐만 아니라, 생태계의 지배자로 파악하였다. 그러나 인간은 생태계의 지배자가 아니라 생태계와 함께 살아가야 할 운명공동체로서, 인간은 생태계의 일부분으로서 생태계 안에 살며, 생태계 없이는 생존할 수 없다. 인간은 자신이 생태계의 일부임을 자각해야한다. 인간이 자신의 생태계성을 망각하거나 생태계와 관계 맺지 못할 때, 생태계와 인간은 불행하게 된다. 그야말로 인간의 생태계 파괴는 인간의 파멸과 직결된다. 그러므로 인간과 생태계는 하나의 공동체로서 공존공생의 운명을 같이 한다. 더 나아가서 인간은 상처투성이의 생태계를 바라보며 반성하고, 치료하고, 진정한 화해를 이루어가는 새로운 창조신앙의 실천을 이루어야 한다. 이러한 새로운 이해의 핵심은 하느님의 창조가 끝난 것이 아닌, 미완이라는 개념설정이다. 이러한 새로운 창조신앙의 이해를 통해 인간은 하느님의 창조 완성에 동참하는 공동창조자로서, 상처투성이의 생태계를 바라보며 반성하고, 치료하고, 진정한 화해를 이루어가는 새로운 창조신앙의 실천자로 나아가야 한다. Some critics, with a critical view of the ecology, claim that the view of Christianity towards nature is one of the main causes to make it endangered. This critical view begins with the Bible that "God created all things." Critical ecologists think that the Bible verse "In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth."(Genesis 1:1, NIV), provides human undue power to govern all the things in Nature and a priority as well, which are the parts that the ecologists criticize. They say with the power and the priority, human tends to justify their exploitation of all the creatures in nature. This paper will discuss the following issues: "What's the position of the Christianity Ecology toward the Nature?" and "What can we suggest to this issue?" For this, first of all it will be shown that what the Bible states about Nature and the statue of human beings, in order to understand the position the Bible takes, and to understand the meaning of Creation in the Bible beyond the superficial understanding of the theory. For this, the Bible is the main resource to discuss of this topic. In the traditional theory of the Creation human beings are separated from Nature, but also considered as owners of Nature. However, according to the newly considered theory of the Creation, human beings are not owners but are partners with Nature, because humans can't live without the environment. Human beings should know they are a part of Nature. When humans do not have the right relationship with Nature and neglect the ecological system, both humans and the Nature can't live, which means the extinction of the Earth. So human beings should know the importance of Nature to themselves. Furthermore, understanding the newly considered theory of the Creation, human beings should build the correct relationship between the Nature and humans, and practice the right things to do.

한국산 붕어(Carassius auratus)의 초기생활사

한경호,진동수,유동재,백승록,황동식 여수대학교 2001 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The egg development and morphological development of larvae and juveniles of crucian carp, Carassius auratus (Linnaeus) caught at Bosung River, Chollanam-do, in April to June, 1999 were investigated in the laboratory, Yosu National University. In the spawning season, the nuptial organ was appeared on the opercular region and under region of eye, pectoral fin, ventral fin and lateral line. The egg was transparent of yellowish brown color, demersal of adhesive and sperical in shape, measuring 1.49∼1.63㎜ (mean 1.57㎜, n=50) in diameter. The first hatching was occured in 75 hours 10 minutes after fertilization in water temperature 18.3∼21.7℃. Newly hatched larvae attained mean 4.28㎜ had a big yolk sac and their mouth, and anus were not opened yet. At 5 days after hatching, the larvae attained mean 5.34㎜ and the yolk sac was almost absorded. At 13 days after hatching, the larvae attained mean 7.21㎜. The caudal notocord was flexed 45°upward, and they reached post larvae stage. At 31 days after hatching, the larvae, mean 14.68㎜ in TL reached the juvenile stage with all of the fins formed with complete set of the fin rays (D. ⅩII-11∼15; A. Ⅲ-5∼6; P. 15∼16; V. 1-8).

스프레드시트와 Green 정리를 이용한 철근 콘크리트 단주의 해석 및 설계

진치섭,한상중,엄장섭,이승훈 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1998 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.55 No.-

구조물 설게에서, 압축과 2축 휨을 동시에 받는 기둥 설계를 자주 접하게 된다. 이러한 부재의 해석과 설계는, 모멘트 평형에 따른 여러 변수들의 값을 동시에 구하기 위하여 반복적인 작업이 필요하기 때문에 많은 시간을 요구한다. 본 연구에서는 압축과 2축 휨을 받는 철근 콘크리트 단주를 해석 및 설계할 수 있는 컴퓨터 프로그램 COL2를 개발하였다. 프로그램 COL2는 스프레드시트 프로그램 중의 하나인 엑셀을 이용한 사용자 위주 환경의 프로그램으로 개발되었다. Green정리를 사용하여 임의 형상의 역학적 특성을 계산하였다. In structural design, columns subjected to combined compression and biaxial bending are frequently encountered. The analysis and design of such members, are both time consuming and demanding because an iterative procedure is reuqired in order to simultaneously evaluate a number of variables to achieve moment equilibrium. A computer program COL2 is developed to analyze and design reinforced concrete short columns subjected to combined compression and bizxial bending in this study. The program COL2 has been developed for user-friendly environment using MS-Excel one of the spreadsheets program. The mechanical properties of generic shapes was calculated by Green's theorem.

여성병원 공용공간의 구성상의 특성과 유형에 관한 연구 : 외래진료부를 중심으로 Focused on the Outpatient Department

한진희,박재승 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.5

Recently, due to deepening of competition by user's varied demand, changed healthcare environments, etc, the marketing concept has been introduced at healthcare facility. There is a trend that a establishment of women's hospital is increasing as specialized type. In different from general hospital, they are providing specialized and integrated services in response to the women's disease and demand. Particularly, public space in women's hospital has been changed in terms of area, shape and program. However, there used to be not enough research efforts of responding these changes. Therefore, the purpose of this study investigates and analyzes the spatial characteristics of the public space in women's hospital through a analysis of case study. The conclusion of this study is acquired by investigation and analysis the pubic space of the women's hospital which is situated in capital region and investigation the variation of space composition and development process of public space and user's behaviour in representative public space that is classified with three types(hall-type, corridor-type, courtyard-type).