In situ 고상 에피택시 방법에 의한 CoSi₂/Si(111)구조의 형성

이정주,강민성,김현수,최치규,이운환,이종덕,이영백,김건호,이정용 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2

초고진공에서 공상에피택시(solid-phase epiyaxy, SPE) 방법으로 CoSi₂를 Si(111)기판 위에 에피택시 성장시켰다. 2MeV⁴He++ ion후방산란 분광기와 사중결정 x-선 회절기 및 고분해 투과전자 현미경을 이용하여 성장된 CoSi₂의 상과 조성, 결정성, 그리고 계면의 미시구조를 조사하였다. 초고진공상태의 실온에서 Si(111)-7X7기판에 Co를 약 20 ~50 ?? 중착한 후 SPE에 의하여 실리사이드를 형성시키는 경우 600℃에서는 B-형의 CoSi₂가, 그리고 700℃에서는 A형의 CoSi₂가 선택적으로 에피택시 성장하였으며, 정합성은 B-CoSi₂[110]//Si[110] and CoSi₂(111)//Si(111)이, 그리고 700℃에서는 A-CoSi₂[110]//Si[110], CoSi₂(002)//Si(002)을 나타내었다. Epitaxial films of CoSi₂were grown on Si(111) substrates by in situ solid-phase epitaxy in a ultrahigh vacuum. The phase, the chemical composition, the crystallinity, and the microstructure of the Silicide/Si interface were investigated by 2-MeV⁴He++ ion-backscattering spectrometry, quadruple crystal X-ray diffractometry, and high-resolution transmission eletron micorscopy. High-quality films of either B-type or A-type CoSi₂ could be grown selectively on Si(111) substrates by depositing ~ 20 ~ 50 ?? of Co on a Si(111)-7X7 substrate followed by in situ annealing at 600℃ or 700℃ for 10 min. The matching face relationships are CoSi₂[110]//Si[110] and CoSi₂(111)//Si(111) by B-type CoSi₂ and CoSi₂[110]//Si[110]//Si[110] and CoSi₂(002)//Si(002) for A-type CoSi₂.

당뇨병과 동반된 화농성 간농양의 임상상 및 예후인자

오은숙,강무일,이원영,오기원,임동준,이소영,이정민,고승현,김성래,안유배,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구 대한당뇨병학회 2000 임상당뇨병 Vol.1 No.1

연구배경: 감염질환은 혈관질환과 함께 당뇨병의 중요한 사망원인의 하나이며, 혈당조절이 불량할수록 감염 빈도가 증가됨은 잘 알려져 있다. 간농양의 발생이 있어서도 당뇨병은 중요한 기저질환 중의 하나이다. 일반적으로 간농양의 가장 흔한 원인균은 Escherichi coli라고 알려져 있으나, 최근 당뇨병을 가진 간농양 환자에서 Klesiella pneumoniae의 검출이 증가되고 있다. 또 최근 연구에 의하면 K.pneumonie가 간농양의 가장 흔한 원인균이며, K. pneumoniae에 의한 간농양은 K.pneumoniae 이외의 균주에 의한 간농양보다 당뇨병과 밀접히 관련되어 있다고 보고된 바 있다. 이에 저자들은 간농양 환자를 대상으로 당뇨병환자의 빈도를 알아보고, 그 원인균 및 특징을 비당뇨병 환자들의 경우와 비교해 보고자 하였다. 방법: 1992년 1월부터 1999년 6월까지 방사선학적 검사 혹은 수술에 의해 간농양이 확인되거나, 경피적 천자나 수술을 통한 배농액 배양, 혹은 혈액 검사에서 원인균이 증명된 182명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적 임상고찰을 실시하였다. 결과: 화농성 농양을 가진 167명의 환자(남:94명, 여:73명)중 당뇨병을 가진 환자는 54명 (남:30명, 여:24명)으로 32.3%를 차지하였다. 환자의 평균나이는 당뇨군에서 62.1 ± 13.4세, 비당뇨군에서는 55.1 ±15.5세로 당뇨군에서 높았으며(p=0.0021), 남녀간의 평균나이 비교 시 두 군 모두 여성의 나이가 의미있게 높았다. 비당뇨군에 비하여 당뇨군의 경우 저알부민혈증의 빈도와 aspartate transaminase가 증가되어있었다. 원인균주는 K. pneumoniae (당뇨군54%, 비당뇨군 39.1%), E. coli(당뇨군 17.5%, 비당뇨군 18.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus 순이었으며 두 군간의 의미는 차이는 없었으나 K. pneumoniae의 경우 다른 균종에 비해 단독감염의 빈도가 높았다(82.8%). 사망률은 당뇨군에서 16.7%, 비당뇨군에서 7.1%로 당뇨군에서 의미있게 높았으며(p=0.019), 당뇨군에서의 사망환자는 모두 패혈증이 동반되어 있었다. 당뇨환자의 사망군은 생존군에 비해 당뇨병 이환기간이 길고 혼합감염의 빈도가 높았다(p=0.046). 검사실 소견에서는 총 빌리루빈 및 알카리성 포스파타제의 증가가 관찰되어 있었다. 결론: E. coli가 간농양의 주된 원인균이라는 기존 보고와는 달리 당뇨군과 비당뇨군 모두 K. pneumoniae가 간농양의 주된 원인균이었다. 또한 당뇨 유병기간이 길고 당뇨조절이 불량한 환자에서 혼합감염이며 총 빌리루빈 및 알카리성 포스파타제의 증가등과 같은 위험인자가 존재할 경우 사망률이 증가될 수 있으므로 이들 군에서는 적극적인 치료가 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Background: Liver abscesses are commonly associated with underlying disease, particularly diabete mellitus. The number of the liver abscesses caused by Klebslella pneumoniae in diabetic patient has been increased in Korea nowadays. This study was conducted to clarify the clinical presentation and prognostic factors of pyogenic liver abscesses, especially in diabetic patients and to determine the proportion of K. pneunomiae as a pathogen in liver abscess in Korea. Methods: Medical records of 167 patients treated for pyogenic liver abscess from January, 1992 through June, 1999 were reviewed retrospectively in detail. Major Pathogenic organism, clinical manifestations, prognostic factors, the importance of diabetes mellilus as an underlying disease and its effect on clinical features and prognosis were analyzed. Results: Among 167 cases of pyogenic liver abscess, underlying diabetes mellitus was present in 32.3%. The mean age of patients was 62.7 13.4 years in diabetic liver abscess group and 55.1 15.5 years in non-diabetic liver abscess group. Most liver abscesses were cryptogenic in origin or secondary to the billary tree diseases. The clinical presentations among the two groups were not significantly different. When compared to patients without diabetes, patients with diabetes had significantly higher proportions of hypoalbuminemia and elevated aspartate transaminase level. The most common organism of the pyogenic abscess was K. pneumoniae in both groups. Percutaneous drainage of the abscess with appropriate antibiotics was the most commonly used therapeutic modality in liver abscess. The mortality rate of diabetic liver abscess is 16.1 % and 7.1% in nondiabetic liver abscess. Complications, especially septicemla, were found more frequently in patients with diabetes than in patients without diabetes (64.8% vs 28.3%, septicemia : 31.5% vs 9.7%). The factors influencing mortality in the diabetic liver abscess were disease duration, mixed infection, presence of septicemia, elevated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase. Conclusions: In contrast to prior report that the E. coli was the most common pathogen in liver abscess, we found that K. pneumoniae was the most common organism cultured in liver abscess. Diabetic patients have more complications and higher mortality than patients without diabetes. Early detection and proper treatment are needed to improve the outcome for diabetic patient with liver abscess.

혈액투석중인 만성신부전 환자에서 골대사 지표로써의 Osteocalcin치

송치운,이진홍,안미애,윤환중,윤상임,성기양,이강현,송민호,이강욱,신영태,김영건,노흥규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.2

Background : Serum osteocalcin is synthesized by osteoblast and has been shown to be sensitive indicator of bone turnover inpatients with various metabolic bone disease. In renal osteodystrophy, serum osteocalcin is elevated due to decreased renal clearance and elevated level of PTH. This study was done to evaluate the usefulness of serum osteocalcin as a marker of bone metabolism and the correlation with other biochemical markers of bone metabolism. Methods : We measured serum osteocalcin, calcium, phosphorus, ALP(alkaline phosphatase) and PTH(parathyroid hormone) in 37 patients with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis. Osteocalcin was determined by radioimmunoassay and PTH was determined by radioimmunometric assay. Results : 1) The mean level of serum osteocalcin in ESRD patients was 233.8± 218.2ng/ml which was significantly higher than that of controls(p<0.0001). 2) The mean level of serum PTH in ESRD patients was 40.5± 43.8pg/ml was significantly higher than that of controls(p<0.005). 3) There was a significant positive correlation between the level of serum PTH, ALP and the level of serum osteocalcin in ESRD patients. 4) By using multiple regression, PTH is most reliable factor that affect to elevated level of serum osteocalcin ( beta coefficient = 0.687, Sig T<0.05). Conclusion : Serum osteocalcin as a marker of bone metabolism in ESRD patients is more useful than other biochemical marker such as serum calcium, phosphorus, ALP and PTH is a most reliable factor that affect to elevated level of serum osteocalin.

수부 주상골 요부의 전위골절에 대한 수술적 치료

조용만,이영기,강흥식,리건영,이천동,오상수 대한골절학회 1997 대한골절학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The authors surveyed the clinical study of 17cases of scaphoid fractures from March 1989 to September 1994 with minimal I year follow up at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Lee-Rha general Hospital. The following conclusions were obtained through clinical survey. l. Of all l 7 cases, they were l3 males and 4 females; Among the 13 males, 10 cases were aged between 20 and 39 years. forming 56.8% of all. 2. All 17 cases were treated by open reduction. Unions were obtained at average l l.5 weeks in 7 cases treated with Herbert screw fixation and l 2 weeks in l 0 cases treated with K-wire fixation. 3. Two of ten K-wire treated cases resulted in delayed union, one of seven Herbert screw treated cases resulted in delayed union. 4. Unions were obtained at average 20 weeks in 3 cases of delayed union. We concluded that open reduction and K-wire fixation were recomanded for the compatible treatment method of displaced waist fracture of scaphoid.

자생 차(Camellia sinensis L.)의 육묘 방법에 관한 연구

이용호,이종성,강남대,송근우,강동주,고영옥,정대수 동아대학교 2001 大學院論文集 Vol.26 No.-

These experiments were conducted to studies on methods raising seedling in Native Tea Trees(Camellia sinensis L.). this experiment was conducted for 2years from 1999 to 2000 in Kyeongnam Provincial Rural Development Administration(R.D.A) The results were summarized as follows: 1. Germination percentage, mature seedling percentage, tiller, leaf number, leaf length and dry weight become higher Cup Pot Φ16cm treatment plot, plant height and leaf area was high some Net Pot Φ15cm treatment plot. 2. The growth of underground and aboveground show a good result all Cup Pot Φ16cm treatment plot. 3. The T/R rate of Cup Pot Φ16cm treatment plot were found 100% and Cup Pot Φ15cm treatment plot were found 114%. 4. The economic gains become higher Cup Pot Φ16cm.

골수이식 후 골밀도 및 골대사의 변화 : 2년 추적관찰 2-Year Prospective Study

이원영,강무일,오은숙,오기원,한제호,손현식,윤건호,차봉연,이광우,손호영,강성구,신완식,민우성,김춘추 대한내분비학회 2000 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.15 No.4·5

안성읍의 식생활관리 실태에 관한 연구

이성희,이현자,강근옥 안성산업대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

How scientifically and reasonably the meal management is done has a great influence upon domestic economy, I think. The purpose of this paper is to examine the problems of meal management. In order to investigate t도 actual conditions of food intake, I chose ramdomly 418 families living in Ansung-Eup, Kyunggi Province and had direct interviews with housewives. The main results of this study are as follows: (1) 92.6% of 418 families was furnished with New-fashioned kitchens, and 1.2% of them were without waterworks and drainage. (2) The ratio of the housewives who made a food budget was 71.1%, while the ratio of those who did not was as high as 28.9% the reason for that was they were not accustomed to doing it. (3) The time required for cooking was on an average 40.8 minutes and 70.4minutes a day. (4) In the process of cooking, favorite foods were considered first and next, taste and nutrition. (5) The cooking frequency was hige in such groups as the old-aged, large-familied and that of housewives with jobs. (6) The ration of husband's assistance for kitchen work was as low as 2.1% to 45.2%, while the ratio without husband's assistance was as hige as 39.1% (7) The examination showed that 25.4% of housewives would like to have more convenient appliances to simplify cooking.

안성군 농촌지역의 취학전 어린이 영양에 관한 연구 : 제2보 : 이유실태조사 Dietary survey of weaning practices

이성희,이현자,강근옥 안성산업대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.27 No.-

The purpose of this study was find out weaning practices for pre-school children in Ansung. This survey was performed by interview and questionnaire with 261 mothers, May.22 to June.19 of 1995. Following's are the conclusions of this survey: 1) The condition and health and sleep of infants were rather satisfactory. 2) only 52,5% of the subjects included began to be fed supplementary food before the age of 6 months. 3) As for methods of stopping breast feeding, 54.1% of the subjects were naturally terminated while 27.2% were forced to terminate by the application of sticking plaster of midicins to the mother's nipples 4) The reason that prevent them from weaning weaning was 48.3% of the dislikeness of their infants, 18.0% of the abonunance of breast milk, 15.0% of the having no time for it. 5) The motives for weaning were various such as; 77.6% of the breast milk no longer covers all nutriontal demand of the baby. 12.6% of the pregnancy during lactation. 5.8% of the insuffient secretion of breast milk to feed infants. 6) foodstuffs used in weaning is fruit juice (72.2%), beef(65.9%), egg(62.3%), rice gruel(61.1%), fish(59.8%), potato etc. 7) Most of the infants like fruit and fruit juice (22.2%), milk(18.6%), egg(16.4%), bread(14.6%), fish(12.3%), beef(10.5%), potato(5.6%) etc. 8) Most of the infants dislike hot taste (59.3%), carrot and vegetable, bean(23.7%) etc. If we review this survey, we could see that the mothers have little nutrition knowledgel of infants, nevertheles they were highly educated in this survey. The need of nutrition education is emphasized once more, because the difference is notable in the untrition management of infants according to their mother's education rank. Tht purchase in low price is needed urgently by mass production of adequate weaning foods.

40세 이하 관상동맥 질환자에서 장기적 임상 관찰

이승욱,정명호,박종철,박형욱,조상희,김원,김계훈,이상현,강경태,조장현,김남호,김건형,안영근,조정관,박종춘,강정채 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.2

염화 Cadmium 이 흰쥐 간장에 미치는 영향에 관한 전자현미경적 연구

강신덕,정호삼,이규식,이군자 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1992 環境科學論文集 Vol.13 No.-

실험동물은 본 실험실에서 순종교배에 의해 육성시킨 Wistar계 흰쥐를 사용하였으며, 순종교배에 의해 출생 제 7일의 신생 흰쥐 (체중 10g내외) 출생 제 40일된 흰쥐 (체중 120g내외)를 사용하였다. 신생 흰쥐와 성숙 흰쥐에 각각 cadmium chloride를 체중Kg당 3.75mg되게 생리적 식염수에 용해하여 0.2ml을 복강내에 투여한 후 3시간, 6시간, 12시간, 24시간 및 36시간 후에 각각 희생하고 개복하여 간장을 절취하였다. 간세포의 미세구조를 관찰하기 위해 조직은 4% glutaraldehyde에 전고정하였으며 10% osmium tetroxide로 후고정 후 초박절편을 제작하여 uranyl acetate 와 lead citrate로 이중 염색을 시행하였으며 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. cadmium chloride 투여 신생 흰쥐의 간실질세포에서 골지체는 3시간군, 6시간군및 36시간군에서 소조가 위축되었다. 사립체는 3시간군에서 팽대되었고, 24시간군에서는 사립체롱이 소실되었으며 심한 팽대가 관찰되었고, 36시간군에서는 불규칙한 형태를 보이나 사립체롱은 정상적으로 관찰되었다. 조면내형질세망은 3시간 군에서 소조의 팽대와 일부 낭상화가 관찰되었으며 6시간군에서는 낭상화와 막부착 ribosome 과립의 탈락을 볼 수 있었고 24시간군과 36시간군에서는 대부분의 소조가 낭상화되었다. 2. cadmium chloride 투여 성숙 흰쥐의 간실세포에서 골지체는 3시간군에서 소조가 다소 팽대되었고 24시간군에서는 소조의 수가 감소되었다. 사립체는 6시간군에서 팽대되었고, 12시간군에서 불규칙한 형태를 보였으나 36시간군에는 대조군과 유사한 구조로 관찰되었다. 조면내형질세망은 6시간군, 12시간군 및 24시간군에서 소조의 팽대, 낭상화 및 막부착 ribosome과립이 탈락을 관찰할 수 있었고 36시간군에서는 대조군과 유사한 구조로 관찰되었다. Phagosome이 3시간군과 6시간군에서 다수 관찰되었고 12시간군, 24시간군 및 36시간군에서는 자가용해소체와 잔여소체를 볼 수 있었으며 특히 36시간군에서 증가되었다. 이상과 같은 결과로 미루어 cadmium chloride를 신생 흰쥐와 성숙 흰쥐에 투여하였을 때 미세구조상 신생 흰쥐 간세포의 미세구조는 투여후 시간이 지남에 따라 정상구조와 유사한 상태로 회복되는 것으로 사료된다. It is known that cadmium exposure to human results in very harmful adn potenteally toxic to liver and kideny. Therefore, the authors were undertaken to pursue the acute effects of cadmium chloride on the ultrastructures of rat hepatocytes, The 7 days old newborn and adult Wistar rats(40 days old) were used as experimental animals. Both new born and adult rats were injected intraperitoneally with 3.75 mg/kg cadmium chloride, 0.2ml(diluted with 0.9% NaCl solution). The sections of the experimethtal animals were made and observed by electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows. 1. In the hepatocytes of cadmium chloride treated newborn rats, cisternae of Golgi complexes are atrophied in the 3hr, 6hr. and 36hr. groups. The mitochondria are hypertrophied in 3hr. group. Cristae of mitochondria are reduced and swollen in 6hr. group. The cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum are dilatated and partly sacculated in 3hr. group and the associated ribosome granules are datached. In the 24hr. and 36hr. group, the most cisternae are sacculated. 2. In the hepatocyte of cadmium chloride treated adult rats, the cisternae of Golgi complexes are slightly dilatated and reduced in 24hr. group. Mitochondria are hypertrophied in 6hr. group and seen irregular shapes in 12hr. group but in 36hr. group, most mitochondria are intact as well as that of control rat groups. Rough endoplasmic reticulum showes dilatation, sacculation and detachment of associated ribosome granules from cisternase in 6hr. 12hr. and 24hr. group. But in 36hr. group. the fine structures of rough endoplasnmic reticulum are intact. The secondary lysosomes, phagosomes, are observed in 3hr. and 6hr. groups and numerous autophagic vacuoles and lipofucin granules are seen in 12hr. and 24hr. gruop. The large lipofucin granules are increased in 36hr. group. Consequently it is suggested that cadmium chloried made several toxic effects to hepatocytes of newborn and adult rat, the damage of hepatocyte increased in adult rats and newborn rat.