지양호의 오염원 및 수질 조사

하호성,서정윤,진종석,이근석 경상대학교 환경보전연구소 1994 環境保全硏究所報 Vol.2 No.1

The upper area of the Chinyang Lake was devided into four segments, the Gyeongho River, the Yangcheon River, the Deokcheon River and the vicinity of the Chinyang Lake. The water pollution sources and the water quality of four segments were investigated and evaluated. This region was composed of a Dong in a city and 141 Ries in 6 Guns except for Yurunggun and Namwongun. Population density is low in all area except for Hamyang Up and Sancheong Up. Population is 84.903(58%) in the vicinity of the Gyeongho River, 26,093(18%) in the Yangcheon River, 23,039(16%) in the Deokcheon River and 11,468(8%) in the Chinyang Lake. Total occurance of BOD in the upper area of the Chinyang Lake was 45,493 ㎏/day, whose 66% was generated from domestic animals, 17% from the land and 26% from human wastes, respectively. The occurance of BOD in the views of segments analysis showed that 57.1% originated from the vicinity of the Gyeongho River, 28.4% from that of the Yangcheon River, 9.8% from that of the Deokcheon River and 4.8% from that of the Chinyang Lake. The most amount of BOD was discharged to the Gyeongho River, the second to the Deokcheon River and the least to the Chinyang Lake. Total occurance of SS in the upper area of the Chinyang Lake was 137,445 ㎏/day. The most amount of SS was discharged to the Gyeongho River, the second to the Yangcheon River, and the least to the Chinyang Lake. The waste of domestic animal produced the 66% of BOD and the 92% of SS in their total occurance and the 31% of BOD and the 76% of SS in their total discharge. It is concluded that the waste of domestic animal is the important pollution sources, which greatly impact the water quality of the Chinyang Lake. Total nitrogen and phosphorous content in the water of the upstream of the Chinyang Lake were very high. The water quality of the Yangcheon and the Deokcheon River was classified as 4 grade by high pH and numbers of coliform group especially. The high nitrogen content in the upstream of the Gyeongho and the Yangcheon River implies that much nitrogen is originated from the farm land. It is found that the Chinyang Lake is in the process of the eutrophication.

내열성 Chitinase 생산균주의 분리 및 효소생산 특성

홍범식,윤호근,신동훈,조홍연 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.5

자연계 고온환경으로부터 내열성 chitinase 우수하고 반응산물로 N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 이량체(GlcNAc)_2를 생산하는 균주를 분리 선별하고 Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14로 동정하였다. 선별균주의 효소생산 특성은 탄소원으로서 효소기질인 colloidal chitin이 첨가될 때만이 생합성이 유도되었으며 유도제의 첨가시기에 의해 효소생산이 크게 영향을 받았다. 각종 무기, 유기태 질소원 중 yeast extract가 활성과 비활성을 각각 약 2배 증가시켰으며 높은 친화도를 나타내었다. 균의 최대생육과 효소의 최대생산온도는 55℃이었다. 본 균주의 내열성 chitinase 생산에 미치는 최적배양조건은 1.2% colloidal chitin, 0.15% K_2HPO_4, 0.05% KH_2PO_4 0.01% MgSO_4·7H_2O, 0.1% yeast extract, pH 6.5의 배지를 55℃, 150rpm에서 40시간 회전진탕배양 하였을 때로 3.89 units/ml의 효소활성과 7.4 units/mg의 비활성을 나타내었다. A strain capable of producing thermostable chitinase suitable for chitooligosaccharide production was isolated from high temperature environment and identified as Bacillus licheniformis. The chitinase from Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14 was only induced by addition of colloidal chitin into the basal medium as carbon source, showing the decrease of the chitinase production by supplemental addition of other carbon sources into the medium containing 1.0% colloidal chitin. Among organic and inorganic nitrogen sources, yeast extract was the most effective for the increase of total activity and specific activity, and had high affinity for the enzyme production. The optimum temperature of cell growth and thermostable chitinase production was 55℃. The optimum culture medium was composed of 1.2% colloidal chitin, 0.15% K_2HPO_4, 0.05% KH_2PO_4 0.01% MgSO_4·7H_2O, 0.1% yeast extract (pH 6.5). Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14 produced the thermostable chitinase of 3.89 units per culture fluid and 7.4 units per mg protein under rotary shaking at 150 rpm for 40 hr.

Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14가 생산하는 내열성 Chitinase의 정체 및 특성

홍범식,윤호근,신동훈,조홍연 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.5

Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14가 생산하는 내열성 chitinase를 30~70% ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Toyopearl 650M, Butyl-Toyopearl 650M, TSK-Gel Toyopearl HW-55F에 의해 정제도 66배, 수율 21%로 전기영동적으로 균일하게 정제하였다. 정제 단백질은 gel permeation chromatography에 의해 86,000±2,000의 분자량을 나타내었으며, SDS 전기영동에 의해 밝혀진 본 효소의 subunit 구조는 monomer였다. 효소 단백질의 안정성을 검토한 결과 80℃에서 30분 열처리에 의해 56%, 37℃에서 20분간 40% ethanol과 ethyl acetate, 단백질 변성제 등의 처리시에도 50% 이상의 잔존활성을 나타냄으로써 공업적으로 유용성이 높은 안정한 단백질로 판명되었다. 효소반응의 최적 pH와 온도는 pH 6.0과 60℃이었고 Mn^2+ 이온에 의해 효소 활성이 저해되었으나 EDTA, N-ethylmaleimide, p-chloromercuribenzoate 등에 의한 활성감소는 관찰되지 않음으로써 금속효소 또는 thiol계 효소에 속하지 않음을 알 수 있었다. 본 효소는 colloidal chitin, 시판용 chitin에는 반응성이 높았으나 exo형 chitinase의 대표적인 기질인 p-nitrophenyl-2-aectamido-2deoxy-β-glucopyranoside, NN'-diacetylchitobiose에는 전혀 반응성을 보이지 않는 전형적인 endo형의 chitinase였다. 본 효소는 colloidal chitin으로부터 주로 (GlcNAc)_2를, 반응시간 경과에 따라 (GlcNAc)_1과 (GlcNAc)_3을 생성하는 반응성을 보였다. Chitinase (EC 3.2.1.14) from culture fluid of Bacillus licheniformis KFB-C14 was purified 66-folds to homogenity in overall yield of 21% by ammonium sulfate fractionation, DEAE-Toyopearl, Butyl-Toyopearl and TSK-Gel HW-55F column chromatography. The enzyme protein had a molecular weight of about 86,000 and was composed of one subunit. The enzyme was significantly stable not only at high temperature but also on treatment with organic solvents and protein denaturants such as SDS, urea and guanidine·HCl. The optimum temperature and pH for reaction was 60℃ and 6.0,respectively. The enzyme activity was inhibited by only Mn^2+ ion, but not inhibited by EDTA, N-ethylmaleimide and pCMB. The enzyme had high activity with colloidal chitin (V_max: 421) and commercial chitin (V_max :480), but not with typical substrates of exo type chitinase. The thermostable chitinase had an useful reactivity for producing functional chitooligosaccharide, showing the production of (GlcNAc)_1, (GlcNAc)_3, and (GlcNAc)_2 as major product.

Chitosanase의 연구현황 및 전망

이효구,윤호근 공주대학교 자원과학연구소 2000 資源科學硏究論文集 Vol.8 No.-

Chitin and its deacetylated form, chitosan, have attracted significant interest in view of varied proposed novel application. Uses of these two functional polymers, especially chitosan, are readily seen over a broad range of scientific areas, including applications in biomedical, food, and various chemical industries. However, chitosan has potential bioactivities such as anti-microbial, anti-cholesterol synthesis, anti-tumor by immunostimulating and elicitor activity, its effects on in vivo was still ambiguous due to a low uptake rate into the interior of the body. Therefore, converting chitosan to its oligosaccharides is necessary for more effect in vivo. On the on hand, because the purification procedure of chitosan oligosaccharides was not simple, its application was limited to pharmaceutics and high value-added industry by the high unit cost of production. For extensive application of chitosan oligosaccharides, enzymatic hydrolysate is actually more efficient than purified oligomer. The present paper will review various chitosanase for preparation of chitosan oligosaccharides, especially focucing enzymatic hydrolysis and properties of reaction pattern, and valuable systems for the hydrolytic reaction.

제주도 고산에서 수용성 에어로졸의 화학적 성분 분석

장광미,이호근,강창희,허철구,박경윤,서명석 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2

Atmospheric aerosols were collected by a High Volume Tape Sampler from March 1992 to December 1993 at Kosan, Cheju, korea. The water soluble ion concentrations in aerosol were analyzed. The concentrations of cations(Na+, K+, Ca²+, Mg²+, NH₄+) were determined by an Inductively Coupled Plazma(ICP) or an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer(AAS), and those of anions(Cl-, NO₃-, SO₄²-) were analayzed by the capillary electrophoresis method. The Ca²+, SO₄²-and NO₃- concentrations in spring were higher than those in other seasons. The lowest concentrations of these elements were found in summer, largely due to scavenging by frequent rains. Especially the ca²+ concentration on April was three to four times higher than the annual mean concentration. The enrichment factor(E.F.) of each element was calculated. The annual mean E.F. values of the Ca²+, Mg²+ and Cl- in 1992 were the same as those in 1993 except K+ and SO₄²-. The correlation formula between all cations and anions for the whole period was Anions=0.759xCations+0.066.

복어중독에 의한 가사 상태에서 소생한 1예

송승찬,신진호,강석우,박경남,최호순,박근태,문희식,기춘석,이성희,윤병철,노우균,조균석,이민호 大韓應急醫學會 1998 대한응급의학회지 Vol.9 No.3

Tetrodotoxin is a neurotoxin produced by about 90 species of puffer fish and causes paralysis of central nervous system and peripheral nerves by blocking the movement of all monovalent cation. Ingestion of tetrodotoxin produces clinical manifestations such as paresthesias(within 10-45 min), vomiting, lightheadedness, salivation, muscle twitching, dysphagia, difficulty in speaking, convulsion and death that expressed by cardiopulmonary arrest with loss of brain stem reflex sometimes. Tetrodotoxin prevents or delays ischemia induced neuronal death by way of following 3 mechanisms. Firstly, it reduces the energy demand of the brain tissues. Secondly, it delays or even prevents anoxic depolarization. Finally, it deminishes ischemia induced cell swelling and cerebral edema. We report a case of puffer fish poisoning which presented with cardiopulmonary arrest and loss of brain stem reflex, but completely recovered by aggressive cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

세포질내 정자주입법(ICSI)에 있어서 정자흡입 및 난자내 주입방법에 관한 연구

이택후,김항진,송건호,김대근,전상식,박윤규,서태광,전병균,류은경,이은숙,문진수,김광철 경북대학교 의학연구소 2000 경북대학교병원의학연구소논문집 Vol.4 No.1

Study on Method of Sperm Aspiration and Injection into an Oocyte in Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection(ICSI) Immobilization of spermatozoa prior to intracytoplasmic sperm iniection(ICSI) sometimes results in crooked tail and this makes it difficult to aspirate sperm into an injection pipette tail first. Head-first sperm aspiration into an injection pipette avoid this problem due to the bigger size of the sperm head. The effect of head or tail-first sperm injection into an oocyte on fertilization cleavage, percentage of grade I embryos and development to blastocyst stage in ICSI program has been studied. A single living immobilized spermatozoa from oligoasthenozoospermic patient was injected into an oocyte head-first or tail-first according to the treatment. Eighteen hours after microinjection, oocytes ware inspected for survival and fertilization Fertilized oocytes with two pronuclei were cultured in 30μl drop of mHTF supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated follicular fluid(FF) at 37℃. On day 2. embryo transfer was performed with cleaved embryos. The remaining 2-8 cell stage embryos were co-cultured with BRL cells in mHTF + 10% FF for 72 hours and the developmental stage was observed. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance. A total of 164 oocytes from 36 cycles were assigned to earth treatment and ICSI was performed(88 head-first, tail-first). The rates of normal fertilization were 81.8% and 76.3% for head-first and tail-first, respectively. Of the fertilized oocytes, the percentage of cleaved embryos and the percentage of grade 1 embryo among cleaved embryos were 88.9% and 68.8%, 93.1% and 74.1% for head-first and tail-first, respectively. Of the 2-8 cell embryos cultured, 44.4%(16/36) and 50.0%(10/20) for head first and tail first, respectively developed to blastocyst stage. There were no differences in fertilization, cleavage, rates of grade 1 embryos, and development to blastocyst stage. In conclusion, head-first or tail-first sperm injection into an oocyte in ICSI program does not affect fertilization and subsequent embryo development to blastocyst stage in vitro.

백서의 일과성 국소허혈-재괄류 모델에서 U-74389G와 MK-801이 뇌경색 크기에 미치는 효과

김재일,김종민,양대웅,이근호,윤병우,노재규,이상복 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.1

청정지역과 도시지역의 오존농도 특성 연구

장광미,강창희,서명석,허철구,박경윤,이호근,김영준 濟州大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1996 基礎科學硏究 Vol.9 No.2

A study has been performed on the characteristics of rural and urban surface ozone concentration for the period of March 1992 to February 1993. The monitoring station of rural ozone is located at Kosan, Cheju and other urban monitoring stations are located at Seoul, Pusan and Kwangju. Rural's and urban's ozone data exhibit a distinct features in many ways. First, annual mean of rural ozone concentration is very high(42 ppbv) but urban's are very low(10~15 ppbv). Second, rural ozone data shows a seasonal variation with it's maximum in spring, and minimum in summer, but urban's show a seasonal variation with it's maximum in spring, and minimum in winter. Third, diurnal variation of rural data is very small but that of urban's are very large. Fourth, monthly mean of daily minimum of rural data is not low and shows a large seasonal variation, but those of urban's data are extremely low(<3 ppbv) and have no seasonal variations.