SEK1 카이네이즈 과발현(overexpression)생쥐 대식세포주(RAW264,7)의 Nitric Oixde(NO)유도성 세포고사 (apoptosis) 기전에 관한 연구

정병학,소홍섭,박래길,정헌택 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1998 圓光醫科學 Vol.14 No.2

Nitric oxide (NO) induces apoptotic cell death in murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. To A elucidate the NO-induced apoptotic mechanisms in SEK1/MKK4 overexpressed RAW 264.7 cells, we generated clones of RAW 264.7 cells which stably overexpressd kinase inactive SEK1 (RAW/SEK1-KI) or wild type SEK1 (RAW/SEK1-WT). Treatment of kinase inactive SEK1 transfected RAW 264.7 cells (RAW/SEK1-KI) with sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a NO donor, significantly decreased the cell viability than that of RAW control cells which were treated with the same amount of SNP. However, RAW/SEK1-WT cells were less susceptible to NO induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the treatment of NO with farnesyltransferase inhibitor (FTI) of Ras or MEK inhibitor (PD098059) significantly increased the apoptotic death of RAW/SEK1-KI. However, SB203580, a specific p38 inhibitor, did not affect NO-induced apoptosis of kinase inactive SEK1 transfected RAW 264.7 cells. For a while, caspase 3-like protease activity in NO plus FTI treated RAW/SEK1-KI cells were more increased than that of NO only. In addition, nuclear transcription factor kB (NFkB) was significantly activated in NO-treated RAW/SEK1-KI cells, whereas these transcriptional factor was not markedly activated in NO-treated RAW/SEK1-WT cells. Supershift analysis demonstrates that NFkB was composed of mainly p50 homodimer. Also pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a strong inhibitor of NFkB, significantly inhibits the NO-induced apoptosis in RAW/SEK1-KI cells. Taken together, we suggest that SEK1 may play anti-apoptotic role in RAW cells from NO-induced apoptosis via the modulation of NFkB. In addition, in the absence of SEK1 kinase cascade activation, the viability of RAW cells may be mainly dependent on Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK pathway.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

대구시 소방권역별 접근성 분석을 이용한 구조대 재편방안

정규동(Jung Gyu-Dong),홍원화(Hong Won-Hwa),최준호(Choi Jun-Ho),김광섭(Kim Gwang-Seob),이지수(Lee Ji-Soo) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.9

In a fire situation, the priority is fast and safe rescue. Therefore, because of the importance of the role of rescue team, specify the criteria of equipments as act. But it can’t be helped appear vulnerable area according to the problems such as province fiscal conditions and budget. in this study suggest improvement considering the characteristics of the actual road and emergency vehicles through accessibility analysis. In the process of vulnerable area deduction, the area of service area is wider, the larger number of vulnerable buildings. And analyze that especially approximately 77% of the entire are vulnerable buildings. Jung-gu, Daegu, the center of the approach is only 3% of vulnerable buildings, but as a whole of Daegu, Within 5 minutes from the rescue team are difficult to access the building by about 30 percent. In order to improve it, Station of jurisdiction that need to be adjusted or additional installations proposed regional strategy for the reorganization. According to the proposed strategy to evaluate the improvement, vulnerable about the whole building from 140,000 to 70,000 could be reduced by half. Alternative to reduce the vulnerability of buildings according to the percentage reduction in overall approximately 30-16% can be reduced. If use the result of study, it will be able to set priorities of expansion of rescue team, and utilized to predict macroscopic vulnerable area in Daegu city.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1997)

김재홍,문득곤,김정수,김용준,임동진,박상훈,김희성,이민수,송기훈,김갑형,김형석,성소영,이인섭,김석우,황지환,조창근,김경문,부태성 대한화학요법학회 2000 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.18 No.3

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been pandemic and remains one of the most common STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the Venereal Disease Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1997. 99 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 45(45.5%) were PPNG. Conclusion : The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul, which had been decreased to 39% in 1996 after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, is increased to 45.5% in 1997.

SD Rats를 이용 1-hexene의 흡입독성 연구

김현영,임철홍,정용현,이권섭,이성배,이준연,한정희,전윤석,이용묵 한국환경독성학회 2001 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.16 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acute (4 hours) and repeated-dose (6 hours a day, 5 days a week, 4 weeks) toxic effects of I -hexene on Sprague- Dawley (SD) rats which were treated by inhalation. The results were as follows; I. The median lethal concentration (LC_(50)) was estimated 52,694 ppm (confidence limit 95%; 49,494~55,447 ppm) in acute inhalation. Abnormal clinical signs related to the l-Hexene were not observed with the acute inhalation dose. Gross findings of necropsy revealed on evidence of specific toxicity related to the 1-hexene, II. By repeated inhalation exposure the body weight of male were more or less reduced by the dose of 2,500 ppm and 5,000 ppm compared with control group. However there were no significant variation hematology and blood biochemistry for the exposed rats compared with the control rats. Abnormal clinical signs and gross findings of necropsy related to the 1-hexene were not shown. In conclusion when we exposed I-hexene to SD rats for 4 weeks, 5 days per week, 6 hours per day, the Lowest observed effect level (LOEL) was over 2,500 ppm and Non observed effect level (NOEL) was below 500 ppm.

부산광역시의 대기질 변화경향 및 특성에 관한 연구

이화운,김유근,원경미,홍정혜,문윤섭,장난심,정우식 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1997 環境硏究報 Vol.15 No.1

부산연안역에서의 대기오염기상 예보시스템 개발에 관한 연구 : 고농도 오존일의 예측을 중심으로 Centering around Forecast of Ozone Episode Day

김유근,이화운,전병일,홍정혜,문윤섭 한국환경과학회 1996 한국환경과학회지 Vol.5 No.4

Pusan is the largest coastal city with a population of about four million in Korea. Because of increased and confused traffic, photochemical air pollution become a major urban environmental problem recently. The photo-chemical air pollution weather forecasting method preciser than existing air pollution forecast method has been developed to forecast ozone episode days with meteorological conditions using the data measured at 7 air quality continuous monitoring stations from June to September using 2 years (1994, 1995). The method developed in present study showed higher percentage correct and skill score than existing air pollution forecasting in KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration).

크롬(Ⅵ)의 체내 흡수와 소실속도에 관한 연구

김현영,이성배,임철홍,이권섭,정용현,이종성,한정희,전윤석,황호순,이용묵 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

The CrO3 mostly used in plating. metal surface disposal, leather, cosmetic manufacturing, as an experiment material by repeatedly inhaling and exposure the male S.D. rats at a 0.00, 0.2., 0.50, 1.25 mg/㎡ concentration(particle size: 0.5-0.5 aerosol)6hours a day, 5day a week in 13weeks comparing with 2weeks, 8weeks of recovery group about the noxiousness of the experiment animal and the reduce scale of the CrO3 in the internal organ especially in blook and respiratory organ with the period of convalescent and clearance. The experiment results which we received are as follows. 1. In blood the RBC, HGB and HCT experiment, rats with 0.20, 0.50 mg/㎡ concentration showed that there were some decreases but not dependent. The kidneys absolute weight compared with control group was reduced intentionally(p〈0.05) and the lungs absolute weight compared with control group showed intentional increase(p〉0.05). 2. After the exposure of the experiment material, the whole blook, l\blood plasma and red blood cell in blood by (x): the period of convalescent, per (y); the decreasing of Cr concentration, was y=66.51 e -0.057x, y=67.2 e-0.101x, y=70.01 e-0.030 in 0.50 mg/㎡ exposure concentration by calculating the clearance coefficient of correlation, and the half life (day)was estimated 12.0, 6086, 23.0 each. 3, After the exposure of the experiment material, the experiment animals lung, liver and kidneys by(x); the period of convalescent, per (y); the decreasing of Cr conentration, was y=1808 e-0.00493x, y=12.02e-0.0297x, y=67.61 e-0.0292x in 0.50mg/㎡ exposure concentration by calculating the clearance coefficient of correlation, and the half life(day)was estimated 140.6, 23.3, 23.7, each, and including lung, liver with all of the experiment internal organs, the Cr clearance decreased as the exposure concentration increased.

상표자산과 구매의도와의 관계에 관한 국제비교연구 : 아시아와 유럽의 의류시장을 중심으로

김경훈,고은주,Graham Hooley,Nick Lee,이동해,정홍섭,전병주,문학일 가야대학교 2009 가야대학교 논문집 Vol.18 No.-

본 연구는 상표자산의 구성요소에 대한 선행요인을 분석하고 이를 토대로 하여 상표자산 구성요소와 상표자산 영향요인간의 관계 그리고 상표자산 구성요소와 구매의도간의 관계를 규명하고 한국과 영국을 중심으로 비교하여 상표자산관리 방안을 도출해보고자 하였다 연구결과, 정보탐색은 제품지식에 정(+)의 영향을 미치며, 상표태도와 상표지식은 상표 충성도와 상표 가치에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다 그리고 상표충성도와 상표가치는 구매의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 정보원천의 경우, 한국에서는 제품지식에 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있는 반면, 영국에서는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. Brand equity is one of the most important concepts in business practice as well as in academic research. Successful brands can allow marketers to gain competitive advantage (Lassar et al.,1995), including the opportunity for successful extensions, resilience against competitors' promotional pressures, and the ability to create barriers to competitive entry (Farquhar, 1989). Branding plays a special role in service firms because strong brands increase trust in intangible products (Berry, 2000), enabling customers to better visualize and understand them. They reduce customers' perceived monetary, social, and safety risks in buying services, which are obstacles to evaluating a service correctly before purchase. Also, a high level of brand equity increases consumer satisfaction, repurchasing intent, and degree of loyalty. Brand equity can be considered as a mixture that includes both financial assets and relationships. Actually, brand equity can be viewed as the value added to the product (Keller, 1993), or the perceived value of the product in consumers' minds. Mahajan et al. (1990) claim that customer-based brand equity can be measured by the level of consumers’ perceptions. Several researchers discuss brand equity based on two dimensions: consumer perception and consumer behavior. Aaker (1991) suggests measuring brand equity through price premium, loyalty, perceived quality, and brand associations. Viewing brand equity as the consumer’s behavior toward a brand, Keller (1993) proposes similar dimensions: brand awareness and brand knowledge. Thus, past studies tend to identify brand equity as a multidimensional construct consisted of brand loyalty, brand awareness, brand knowledge, customer satisfaction, perceived equity, brand associations, and other proprietary assets (Aaker, 1991, 1996; Blackston, 1995; Cobb-Walgren et al., 1995; Na, 1995). Other studies tend to regard brand equity and other brand assets, such as brand knowledge, brand awareness, brand image, brand loyalty, perceived quality, and so on, as independent but related constructs (Keller, 1993; Kirmani and Zeithaml, 1993). Walters(1978) defined information search as, "A psychological or physical action a consumer takes in order to acquire information about a product or store." But, each consumer has different methods for informationsearch. There are two methods of information search, internal and external search. Internal search is, "Search of information already saved in the memory of the individual consumer"(Engel, Blackwell, 1982) which is, "memory of a previous purchase experience or information from a previous search."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). External search is "A completely voluntary decision made in order to obtain new information"(Engel & Blackwell, 1982) which is, "Actions of a consumer to acquire necessary information by such methods as intentionally exposing oneself to advertisements, taking to friends or family or visiting a store."(Beales, Mazis, Salop, and Staelin, 1981). There are many sources for consumers’ information search including advertisement sources such as the internet, radio, television, newspapers and magazines, information supplied by businesses such as sales people, packaging and in-store information, consumer sources such as family, friends and colleagues, and mass media sources such as consumer protection agencies, government agencies and mass media sources. Understanding consumers’ purchasing behavior is a key factor of a firm to attract and retain customers and improving the firm’s prospects for survival and growth, and enhancing shareholder’s value. Therefore, marketers should understand consumer as individual and market segment. One theory of consumer behavior supports the belief that individuals are rational. Individuals think and move through stages when making a purchase decision. This means that rational thinkers have led to the identification of a consumer buying decision process. This decision process with its different levels of involvement and influencing factors has been widely accepted and is fundamental to the understanding purchase intention represent to what consumers think they will buy. Brand equity is not only companies but also very important asset more than product itself. This paper studies brand equity model and influencing factors including information process such as information searching and information resources in the fashion market in Asia and Europe. Information searching and information resources are influencing brand knowledge that influences consumers purchase decision. Nine research hypotheses are drawn to test the relationships among antecedents of brand equity and purchase intention and relationships among brand knowledge, brand value, brand attitude, and brand loyalty. H1. Information searching influences brand knowledge positively. H2. Information sources influence brand knowledge positively. H3. Brand knowledge influences brand attitude. H4. Brand knowledge influences brand value. H5. Brand attitude influences brand loyalty. H6. Brand attitude influences brand value. H7. Brand loyalty influences purchase intention. H8. Brand value influence purchase intention. H9. There will be the same research model in Asia and Europe. We performed structural equation model analysis in order to test hypotheses suggested in this study. The model fitting index of the research model in Asia was X2=195.19(p=0.0), NFI=0.90, NNFI=0.87, CFI=0.90, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.083, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. In Europe, it was X2=133.25(p=0.0), NFI=0.81, NNFI=0.85, CFI=0.89, GFI=0.90, RMR=0.073, AGFI=0.85, which means the model fitting of the model is good enough. From the test results, hypotheses were accepted. All of these hypotheses except one are supported. In Europe, information search is not an antecedent of brand knowledge. This means that sales of global fashion brands like jeans in Europe are not expan

거대 점오염원이 주변 대기질에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

김유근,이화운,전병일,장은숙,홍정혜,문윤섭,원경미,송정희 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1996 環境硏究報 Vol.14 No.1

In order to show the effect of a vast point pollutant source on air quality of Pusan Thermoeletric Power Plant and its surrounding area, air quality around Pusan Thermoeletric Power Plant was simulated by ISCLT-2 which was supplied by EPA. For this purpose the emission amount of SO_2, NO_2 and TSP was calculated and atmospheric stability was classified for a recent decade(1985~1994) in Pusan. A result of the emission amount showed that much amount of NO_2, NO_2 and TSP are emitted from industrial area. It was clear that NO_2 is much emitted from line source and industrial area. And as a result of classification of atmospheric stability, neutral, stable and unstable state were 58%, 24.1% and 17.9%, respectivly. The result of ai quality simulation by ISCLT-2 showed that Pusan Thermoeletric Power Plant is affecting on the increse of 2.0ppb, 3.0ppb and 5.0㎍/㎥, SO_2, NO_2, and TSP respectively at its surrounding area, site A-3 which was located westward 2.2㎞ distance from Plant