미국 산업위생학회 : 우선적인 역할 An Overview of High Priority Activities

스티븐피레빈 한국산업위생학회 1994 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.4 No.1

The AIHA is engaged in a systematic program to interact with government and the media. The program has as its goal the development of regulations and legislation that reflect good science and technology, and results in the maximum protection of workers and the public. This would reflect the views of the members and stakeholders of the AIHA. These results are achieved through proactive development of position statements and white papers, and the. dissemination of those documents to the government and media. The Association is striving to make all stakeholder groups (labor, industry, academia and government) included as equal partners in our efforts. Active interaction with governmental groups (NlOSH, OSHA, EFA, state regulatory agencies, state legislatures) is taking place on the basis of AIHA becoming a full partner in the process of government, when that process is related to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation and control of workplace hazards. In 1993-94, priority issues include: professional regulation of industrial hygienists, generic workplace exposure assessment, laboratory accreditation, OSHA reform, reinventing NIOSH, indoor air quality, environmental lead, permissible exposure limits, the North American Free Trade Agreement, ethics, pollution prevention and toxic use reduction, risk assessment, extremely low frequency and magnetic fields, and ergonomics. 미국산업위생학회(AIHA)는 정부 및 언론매체와 상호 긴밀히 협조하는 체계적인 프로그램을 가지고 있다. 이 프로그램은 올바른 과학과 기술을 반영하는 법규와 제도를 개발함으로써 근로자와 국민의 건강을 최대한 보호하고자 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이것은 학회의 전회원과 후원단체들의 관점을 반영한다고 볼 수 있다. 이러한 목적은 학회가 능동적으로 앞장서서 현재의 상태를 객관적으로 기술하고 백서를 발간하여 정부나 언론매체에 보급함으로써 달성될 수 있다. 학회는 학회의 후원자인 모든 관련단체(노동조합, 사업주, 학술단체 및 정부기관)들이 학회에서 지향하는 목적을 달성하는 데 동등하게 참여하도록 최선을 다하고 있다. 정부기관(NIOSH, OSHA, EPA, state regulatory agencies, state legislatures)에서 작업환경의 유해성에 대한 예상, 인식, 측정평가 및 개선에 관련된 일을 처리할 경우에는 학회가 정부기관의 정식 협력기관으로서 활발한 활동을 한다. 1993년과 1994년의 주요연구과제 및 관심사항은 산업위생전문가의 전문성에 관한 권한, 일반적인 작업환경폭로평가, 실험실정도관리 인중제도, 산업안전보건법(OSHA)의 개정, 미국국립산업안전보건연구원의 재설립, 실내환경오염, 환경 중 납의 오염, 법적 허용기준, 북미자유무역협정에 따른 산업보건문제, 산업위생전문가의 윤리, 오염방지 및 독성물질 사용축소, 유해성 평가, 저주파 및 자기장, 그리고 인간공학 등이다.

특별기고 : 1980년대 초 한국 석탄 탄광의 자료를 이용한 로그-정규분포의 적용

이기영 ( Ki Young Lee ),( R J Sherwood ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.4

1980년대 초 Sherwood교수가 한국에 와 있으면 당시 탄광의 호흡성먼지의 농도를 측정한 자료를 활용하여 로그-정규분포에 대한 분석을 한 자료이다. 탄광의 건조상태에서 농도는 물을 뿌리면서 하는 작업에 비해 매우 높은 수준을 보인다. 건조한 탄광에서 기하평균농도는 26.1 mg/㎥이었고 물을 뿌린 탄광에서는 4.1 mg/㎥이었다. 이는 매우 높은 수준이었음을 알 수 있다. 각 탄갱에서의 농도는 로그정규분포를 하였고 석탄을 접하는 탄갱에서의 농도는 1.65 mg/㎥에서 35 mg/㎥까지 다양하였다. 호흡성분진의 농도는 석탄을 접하는 탄갱에서 암석을 접하는 탄갱보다 높았는데 이는 분진의 원인이 석탄 때문이었다. Sherwood교수 (1924-2000)는 영국 산업보건 분야의 선구자중 한 분으로 특히 개인시료 채취방법을 처음으로 고안하신 분이다. 1970년대 후반부터 1980년대 초반까지 ILO고문관으로 한국에 오셔서 국립노동과학연구소 (현 한국산업안전보건공단 산업보건연구원) 설립에 중추적인 역할을 하셨고 한국의 산업보건분야 발전에 지대한 공헌을 하신 분이다. 이번 자료를 통하여 Sherwood교수의 산업위생 data 처리과정을 볼 수 있음은 매우 기쁜 일이다. 그 분의 data 처리과정은 매우 적절하였고 처음 산업위생분야를 시작하는 대학원 학생들은 물론 기존의 연구자들에게도 좋은 참고자료가 되리라 생각한다. 먼저 log-normal probability 그라프에 data를 입력하여 data의 분포상태를 파악하고, 여기서 대수정규분포를 보였으므로 기하평균값과 기하표준편차 (GSD)를 산출하였다. 위의 data에서 Sherwood교수는 석탄광산의 작업방법에 따른 먼지농도를 비교하였다. 국내 석탄광산에서 작업방법에 따른 공기 중 먼지농도를 비교한 data는 아직까지 발표된 바 없다. 일반적으로 착암기에는 습식장치가 부착되어 있어서 “wet”방법을 적용하고 있으나 Sherwood교수는 습식장치가 부착되지 않은 “dry”방법을 적용하는 탄광을 발견하였고, 이 두 가지 방법에 따른 호흡성 먼지 농도를 비교하였다. 공기 중 먼지농도는 “wet”와 “dry”에서 각각 4.1 mg/㎥과 26.1 mg/㎥로서 습식방법을 적용할 때 84.3%의 감소가 있었다. 비록 논문으로 발표하지는 않았으나 습식방법이 먼지발생을 감소하는 데 필수적이라는 사실을 Sherwood교수는 구체적으로 증명하였다. 매우 귀중한 역사적 자료이다. (백남원 서울대 보건대학원 명예교수).

작업장에서 취급하는 CMR물질의 용량반응평가 방법 비교

이경화 ( Kyung Hwa Lee ),최한영 ( Han Young Choi ),김치년 ( Chi Nyon Kim ),노영만 ( Young Man Roh ),최희진 ( Hee Jin Choi ),박채리 ( Chae Ri Park ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objectives:Currently, there is only limited knowledge regarding the hazard of low-level exposure to CMR materials in workplaces. To overcome this limitation, a reference concentration for workers (RfC_w) from among the risk assessment tools proposed by the US EPA is widely used to set a provisional workplace exposure level (PWEL) for CMR materials for which there are no established Korea Occupational Exposure Limits (KOELs) or subjective chemicals for work environment measurements as regulated by Korea Ministry of Employment and Labor (KMOEL). A simple European calculator of derived no effect level (SECO-DNEL) as proposed by REACH can also be used in place of RfC_w to set the PWEL for chemicals. This study was performed to test the acceptability of using SECO-DNEL as an alternative to RfC_w when setting a PWEL for low-level exposures. Methods: The RfC_w and DNEL for the five CMR materials of dinitrogen oxide, catechol, 2-phenoxy ethanol, carbitol, and carbon black were calculated using the dose-response assessments of the US EPA for RfC_w and REACH guidance for SECO-DNEL, respectively. They were compared using paired t-tests to determine the statistical differences between them. Results: For the five chemicals, the RfC_w were 2.53 ppm, 0.10 ppm, 1.73 ppm, 1.66 ppm, and 0.05 mg/㎥, respectively, while the SECO-DNEL were 2.01 ppm, 0.11 ppm, 1.83 ppm, 1.77 ppm, 0.14 mg/㎥, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between RfC_w and SECO-DNEL. Conclusions: This study suggests that the SECO-DNEL could be applied in place of RfC_w to set a PWEL for low-level exposure to chemicals, especially CMR materials. To further ensure the reliability of SECO-DNEL as an alternative tool, more chemicals should be applied for calculation and comparison with RfC_w.

반도체 근로자 질병의 직무관련 논란으로 본 우리나라 산업위생 활동 개선방향

박동욱 ( Dong Uk Park ),윤충식 ( Chung Sik Yoon ) 한국산업위생학회 2012 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Objectives: The aim of this study is to review occupational hygiene activities, including work environment measurement as required by the industrial safety and health laws of Korea, and suggest improvements required to establish an effective exposure surveillance system. Methods: The controversial limitations of exposure surveillance examining the work-association of several types of cancers in semiconductor workers were reviewed. Results: The bulk of the exposure surveillance system was found to focus purely on work environment measurements without providing other important exposure surrogates, such as job title, operation, exposure duration, etc. The current work environment measurement system is limited in terms of the efficient assessment of the exposure status of workers due to a lack of exposure information. Conclusion: The introduction of a national standard classification of occupations and job titles into the exposure and health effect surveillance system should be discussed in order to retrospectively assess exposure characteristics.

기혼직장여성의 우울증에 미치는 영향요인: 여성가족패널 조사 7차년도(2017-2018) 자료 활용

정유림 ( Yu-rim Jeong ),한삼성 ( Sam-sung Han ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2021 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.31 No.1

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine factors influencing depressive symptoms among married working women using the dataset of the Korean Longitudinal Survey of Women and Family (KLoWF 7th). There were 1,030 subjects. Methods: A multiple regression model was used to study the factors influencing depressive symptoms among married working women. Results: The authors found a negative relationship between satisfaction with spouse household-labor (b=-0.606, p=0.022) and depressive symptoms among married working women, a negative relationship with spouse (b=-0.237, p<0.001) and a negative spousal perception of working (b=-0.709, p=0.045), a positive relationship with excessive working hours (b=0.397, p=0.027), a positive relationship with temporal oppression on workload (b=0.422, p=0.002), and a positive relationship between workplace discrimination (b=0.053, p=0.046) and depressive symptoms among married working women. Conclusions: This study suggests that family life and working environments are important factors for depressive symptoms in married women workers. The findings of this study will be helpful to policymakers to design plans to decrease depressive symptoms among married working women.

산안법 관리대상물질의 변이원성 검색을 통한 GLP 유전독성 시험대상 후보물질의 선정

임경택 ( Kyung Taek Rim ),임철홍 ( Cheol Hong Lim ),안병준 ( Byung Joon Ahn ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2015 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Objectives: There is a requirement to select target materials for mutagenicity(Genotoxicity) testing, so we determined to set the test priorities of them by searching the related database. Methods and Results: We searched a number of databases to find information on mutagenicity tests with chemicals under the Occupational Safety and Health Act(OSH Act), such as KOSHANET, National Toxicology Program(NTP), European Chemicals Agency(ECHA), US National Library of Medicine(NLM), and Genetic Toxicology Data Bank(GENE-TOX), as well as ChemIDplus webpage, and presented the information. Also we anticipated their hazards with ACToR sites to confirm the 58 mutagenicity(Genotoxicity) tests we will perform. Conclusions: We presented target materials for mutagenicity testing with specific GLP tests consisting of reverse mutation(Ames), chromosomal aberration and micronucleus test.

건축물에 사용된 석면함유물질(ACMs)의 조사 및 위해성 평가

김홍관 ( Hong-kwan Kim ),천영우 ( Young Woo Chon ),노영만 ( Young Man Roh ),홍승한 ( Seung-han Hong ),김치년 ( Chi-nyon Kim ),이익모 ( Ik-mo Lee ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2018 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to research the usage characteristics of asbestos-containing building materials and to conduct exposure risk assessment by applying no. 2016-230 “Methods of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings” from the Ministry of Environment. Methods: One hundred buildings located in the Seoul and Gyeonggi-Incheon area were chosen, with 29 in Seoul, 20 in Incheon, and 51 in Gyeonggi-do Province. The year of construction was divided between three buildings in the 1970s, 11 buildings in the 1980s, 42 buildings in the 1990s, and 44 buildings in the 2000s. The bulk samples were analyzed by using a polarizing microscope after a pre-process using a stereomicroscope in a hood with an HEPA filter. This study defined ACMs (asbestos-containing materials) as asbestos when the content percentage was over 1% in the analysis result. Methods and standards of risk assessment of asbestos-containing building materials were conducted by refering to no. 2016-230 “Method of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings” from the Ministry of Environment. The risk of exposure to ACMs was rated by a score based on three categories (high, middle, low risk of asbestos exposure). Results: In this study, 30 of the 100 buildings and 36 of the 416 bulk samples (8.6%) were found to have had asbestos. Asbestos was detected at a high rate, in 18 out of 42, in buildings constructed in the 1990s and at the lowest rate (7 out of 44) for buildings constructed in the 2000s. As a result of the evaluation according to no. 2016-230 “Method of Risk Assessment of Asbestos-Containing Buildings” of the Ministry of Environment, the risk assessment level of two asbestos-containing building materials was found to be “Medium”, and 28 buildings materials were found to be at the “Low” level. Conclusion: As asbestos is regulated by the government, it is required to conduct active management and implemention by introducing methods of risk assessment of asbestos exposure that are supported by data from various situations. In the case of buildings owned by individuals, building owners should be aware of the risk of exposure to asbestos.

우리나라 산업장 근로자의 유기용제 폭로에 관한 연구

이영환,백남원,윤충식 한국산업위생학회 1998 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.8 No.1

Korea has been rapidly industrialized during the past 35 years. During this period, Korea has emphasized only production and workers health has been ignored. Workers are most frequently exposed to organic vapors, such as thinners. This study was performed to evaluate worker exposures to organic solvents by size and type of industry. Results are summarized below. Workers were exposed to mixtures of toluene, xylenes, trichloroethylene, n-hexane, acetone, methanol, n-butanol, n-butyl acetate, and MIBK. Considering additive effects of the compounds. exposure indices (Els) were calculated. It was found that worker exposures to organic solvents were highest in small industries and lowest in large industries. During a day shift, the highest exposure was indicated 3-5 p.m. in the afternoon. Workers in small industries had potential exposures exceeding permissible exposure limits for organic solvents. Local exhaust systems were inappropriate and respiratory protective devices were not supplied to the workers in small industries. Neither program for safe use and storage of toxic materials nor program for respirators was found in any of the plants investigated. Based on the results of the study, workers of small scale industries should be considered first in industrial health.

중국 여성근로자의 산업보건 실태에 관한 고찰

문용,고민정,임민경 한국산업위생학회 1998 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.8 No.1

This study reviewed on the occupational health status of female workers in China, where the half of female population are workers in occupational settings and realizes the importance of occupational health among them, to establish the occupational health management system in Korea as Korean female workers have been increasing for the last few decades. Results of the study were as follows. 1. The proportion of female workers in total workers have increased from 7.5% in 1949 up to 37.6% in 1990. As for the distribution of female workers by industry, manufacturing part has the highest proportion of female workers in total and out of total female workers, the rank was health·social welfare (53.2%), community·personal service(45.4%) and agriculture·forestry·fishing(44.1%). 2. The system of occupational health management for female workers was related to superior organization well by administrative district & work place and professionals were distributed to one per ten thousand persons or more, depending on each region's conditions. 3. The regulations of occupational health management for female workers are defined in a variety of fields. Considering the physiological characteristics of female workers, government has tried to minimize the loss due to menstruation, pregnancy, delivery and lactation and has let them have vacations, guaranteeing the health facilities at the same time. Also government has defined the scope of prohibited work to protect legal right of them.

화학물질의 누출과 피부접촉에 의한 재해자 및 사고사망자 발생현황 조사

이권섭 ( Kwon Seob Lee ),최현성 ( Hyun Sung Choi ),이하영 ( Ha Young Lee ),신경민 ( Kyung Min Shin ),최흥구 ( Heung Koo Choi ),이인섭 ( In Seop Lee ) 한국산업보건학회 (구 한국산업위생학회) 2020 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.30 No.1

Objectives: We investigated the status of accidents and deaths caused by chemical leakage and skin contact in Korea. The purpose of this study was to produce and provide technical reference data for the efficient management of accidents and the rational management of accidental chemicals. Methods: Accidents and deaths caused by chemical leakage and skin contact in industry were investigated. Based on 68 accident reports related to chemical leakage and skin contact, the causes of accidental deaths were analyzed. In addition, we investigated the chemical substances and articles that caused these accidents and deaths. Based on the results of the investigation, the causes of accidents caused by chemical leakage and skin contact were identified and practical management measures for the chemicals were suggested. Results and Conclusions: In 2018, 372 people suffered from chemical leaks and skin contact, up by 123 (about 49.4%) from the previous year. The number of accident deaths was 14, an increase of five (about 55.6%) from the previous year. In the last three years (2016-2018), 91 chemical substances and article groups were involved in accidents caused by chemical leakage and skin contact. There were 16 chemical substance and article groups involved in accidental deaths. There were ten cases of accidents involving two or more casualties due to chemical leakage and skin contact, and 23 deaths occurred. Most of these accidental deaths were caused by subcontractor workers outsourcing risks. Therefore, there is an apparent need to strengthen the responsibility for safety and health among subcontractors.