Factors associated with the risk of colorectal neoplasia in young adults under age 40

Ilsoo Kim,Han Hee Lee,Young Jae Ko,Ho Eun Chang,Dae Young Cheung,Bo-In Lee,Young-Seok Cho,Jin Il Kim,Myung-Gyu Choi 대한내과학회 2022 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.37 No.5

Background/Aims: Recent epidemiologic studies have shown a continued increase in colorectal cancer incidence among younger adults. Little is known about the factors that contribute to the development of young-onset colorectal neoplasia (CRN). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was performed for individuals younger than 40 years who underwent colonoscopy in Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital and its affiliated health screening center. High-risk CRN was defined as adenoma or sessile serrated lesion ≥ 10 mm, with three or more adenomas, villous histology, high grade dysplasia, or carcinoma. Results: Of these 13,621 included participants, 2,023 (14.9%) had one and more CRN. Young patients with CRN tended to be elderly, male, obese, smoker, having a habit of drinking, and having comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and chronic kidney disease. In a multivariate analysis adjusted for age, sex, obesity, smoking status, and alcohol intake, old age (odds ratio [OR], 1.086; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.054 to 1.119), male sex (OR, 1.748; 95% CI, 1.247 to 2.451), obesity (OR, 1.439; 95% CI, 1.133 to 1.828), and smoking (OR, 1.654; 95% CI, 1.287 to 2.127) were independent risk factors for overall CRN. Obesity and smoking as two modifiable factors increased the risk for high-risk CRN even more than for overall CRN (OR, 1.734; 95% CI, 1.168 to 2.575 and OR, 1.797; 95% CI, 1.172 to 2.753, respectively). Conclusions: Obesity and smoking were modifiable risk factors for CRN in young adults. They increased the risk for highrisk CRN even more than for overall CRN. A colonoscopy might be beneficial for young individuals with these factors.

Comparison of risk and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction and Internet addiction

Choi, Sam-Wook,Kim, Dai-Jin,Choi, Jung-Seok,Ahn, Heejune,Choi, Eun-Jeung,Song, Won-Young,Kim, Seohee,Youn, Hyunchul Akadémiai Kiadó 2015 JOURNAL OF BEHAVIOURAL ADDICTIONS Vol.4 No.4

<P><B>Background and Aims</B></P><P>Smartphone addiction is a recent concern that has resulted from the dramatic increase in worldwide smartphone use. This study assessed the risk and protective factors associated with smartphone addiction in college students and compared these factors to those linked to Internet addiction.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>College students (<I>N</I> = 448) in South Korea completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale, the Young’s Internet Addiction Test, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Beck Depression Inventory I, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (Trait Version), the Character Strengths Test, and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression analyses.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>The risk factors for smartphone addiction were female gender, Internet use, alcohol use, and anxiety, while the protective factors were depression and temperance. In contrast, the risk factors for Internet addiction were male gender, smartphone use, anxiety, and wisdom/knowledge, while the protective factor was courage.</P><P><B>Discussion</B></P><P>These differences may result from unique features of smartphones, such as high availability and primary use as a tool for interpersonal relationships.</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Our findings will aid clinicians in distinguishing between predictive factors for smartphone and Internet addiction and can consequently be utilized in the prevention and treatment of smartphone addiction.</P>

대장직장종양에 있어서 Hand-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery (HALS)의 초기 경험

조호영,최선근,구지회,허윤석,이건영,김세중,조영업,안승익,홍기천,신석환,김경래,우제홍 대한내시경복강경외과학회 2003 대한내시경복강경외과학회지 Vol.6 No.-

Helicobacter pylori와 대장균의 Shuttle Vector 개발

조명제,이우곤,이상룡,김경희,안영숙,김성희,김현주,류복덕,최여정,윤영혜,백승철,전영석,이광호 경상대학교 유전공학연구소 1997 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.16 No.-

In this study, a vehicle vector using cryptic plasmids was constructed for gene transfer in Helicobacter pylori. pHP51(3.9 kb) and pHP489(1.2 kb) were selected for constructing vectors from cryptic plasmid of H. pylori isolates in Korea. The HindⅢ-digestedDNA fragment(1.2kb) of pHP489 and 1.6kb DNA fragment of pHP51 were ligated with a kanamycin resistance gene(aph3'-Ⅲ) from C. jejuni to produce the recombinant plasmids pHP489K and pHP51K, respectively. Transformation frequency of pHP51K by electroporation was low. But pHP489K could be effectively transformed into various H. pylori strains. In order to design an intermdiate vehicle vector for gene transfer into H. pylori, pBlueHP489K was prepared by recloning pHP489K DNA into pBluescript and pTZ19R vector. This vector permitted the DNA fragment containing pHP489 sequence, aph3'-Ⅲ, and cloned DNA to be cut and self-ligated in the SacⅠ site after cloning. ureA and ureB gene were inserted into pBlueHP489K, resulting in pBlueHP489K/AB. The DNA fragment containing pHP489, kanamycin resistance gene(aph3'-Ⅲ), and urease structural gene was cut away from pBlueHP489K/AB and self-ligated to generate pBlueHP489K/AB. pBlueHP489K/AB made urease-negative H. pylori strains restore their urease activity. By this experiment, pBlueHP489K was confirmed to be the vehicle system for transferring H. pylori genes.

전경대원에서 발생한 결핵의 임상 양상

문창기,박상준,조민구,김영중,김소연,김윤권,정준오,안석진,김은실,서승오,김지훈,최원제,이윤영,박형기,최규영,김현근 대한감염학회 2006 감염과 화학요법 Vol.38 No.6

Background: The purpose of this study was to document the incidence and clinical characteristics of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in combat and auxiliary police, living in a group, in Korea where the incidence rate of active TB in a general population is higher than in Western countries. Materials and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all tuberculosis patients diagnosed at National Police Hospital from January 2002 through December 2004. Results:In 2002-2004, a total of 156 cases of tuberculosis were identified with the mean (Standard deviation) age of 20.6 (±1.0) years. Of these, 134 (85.9%) patients were registered as new cases, 11 (7.1%) as relapse, 2 (1.3%) as failure, 5 (3.1%) as treatment-after-default cases whereas 4 (2.6 %) patients were not included in any categories. Average annual new TB rate and smear-positive TB rate were 86.5/10^(5) and 17.4/10^(5) person-years, respectively. In 12 of 31 smear-positive cases, time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis was more than 30 days. Two multidrug-resistance TB cases were identified and two suspected outbreak episodes of TB had occurred during 3 years. Conclusion:There was no statistically significant difference in the incidence rate of new cases of TB between the general population aged 20 to 29 years and combat and auxiliary police in Korea. 배경 : 국내 결핵의 발생은 감소 추세에 있으나 여전히 후진국형 발생양상을 보이고 있다. 특히 집단생활을 하는 젊은이들에서 발생하는 결핵의 유행이 간헐적으로 알려지고 있어 우려를 낳고 있다. 이에 저자들은 최근 전경대원의 결핵 발병 양상에 대해 알아보고자 본 연구를 시행하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2002년 1월부터 2004년 12월까지 3년간 경찰병원에서 결핵 진료를 받은 전경대원의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하여 연도별 결핵 신환발생률, 도말양성결핵 신환율, 진단 지연, 집단발병, 다제내성결핵을 조사하였다. 결과 : 연도별 결핵 신환자 수(10만명당 발생추정치)는 2002년 50명(83.6명), 2003년 42명(83.7명), 2004년 42명(93.5명)이었고 도말양성 폐결핵 신환자 수는 2002년 10명(16.7명), 2003년 11명(21.9명), 2004년 6명(13.4명)이었다. 3년간 도말양성 폐결핵 환자는 31명이 있었고 그 중 12명은 호흡기 증상 발생 30일이 지나서 진단을 받았다. 다제내성 결핵은 2명이 있었으며 결핵의 집단발병이 의심되는 사례는 2차례 있었다. 결론 : 전경대원과 20-29세 연령군 일반인의 결핵 신환발생률, 도말양성 폐결핵 발생률의 통계적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다.

만성 B형 간염에서 라미부딘 치료중 발생한 Viral Breakthrough 예의 임상 결과

안수현,장윤정,오성남,최도원,백수정,정원석,최창원,김경오,임형준,조남영,박종재,김재선,박영태,이명석,연종은,변관수,이창홍 대한간학회 2002 Clinical and Molecular Hepatology(대한간학회지) Vol.8 No.4

목적: 만성 B형 간염의 치료 중 발생하는 약제 내성 변이종은 임상적으로는 치료 중 음전되었던 혈청 HBV DNA가 다시 양전되는 viral breakthrough 로 진단할 수 있다. 현재 약제 내성 변이종이 발생했을 경우라도 라미부딘 치료를 계속 유지하는 것을 권장하고 있으나, viral breakthrough 발생 예들의 장기적 임상경과가 아직도 불명확하여 이것을 일반화하기는 어려운 상황이다. 이에 라미부딘 사용 중 viral breakthrough 가 발생한 예들을 대상으로 그 임상경과를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 9개월 이상 라미부딘을 투약한 만성 B형 간염 환자로 viral breakthrough가 발생한 74명을 대상으로 하였다(남/여 54/20, 평균연령 42세). Viral breakthrough 후 혈청 ALT치, 총 빌리루빈치, HBV DNA 역가, HBeAg, anti-HBe를 정기적으로 검사하면서 임상경과를 관찰하였다. Viral breakthrough 후 라미부딘의 투약기간은 평균 13개 월(1-41개월)이었다. 결과: Viral breakthrough 발생후 혈청 ALT치가 정상으로 유지되었던 환자는 8예(11%)에 불과했고 나머지 66예(89%)에서는 ALT치가 증가하였으며, 이중 30예(41%)에서 급성 악화(ALT 정상 상한치의 5배 이상 상승)를 보였다. 급성악화는 viral breakthrough 후 3개월 내에 19예 (63%)에서 발생하여 3개월 내에 발생한 예가 많았으나 12개월 이상 지나서 나타나는 예도 약 20%에서 있었다. 비대상성 악화는 6예에서 관찰되었다. Viral breakthrough 후 급성악화가 일어난 예와 없었던 예의 비교에서 급성악화를 예측할 수 있는 인자는 발견할 수 없었다. Viral breakthrough 후 발견할 수 없었다. Viral breakthrough 후 HBeAg이 음전된 예는 8예(11%)였으나 그 임상경과는 양호하지 않았다. 결론: 만성 B형 간염 환자 에서 라미부딘 투여 중 발생한 viral breakthrough 예 중 상당수에서 급성악화가 발생하였으며, HBeAg 이 소실되더라도 그 임상경과는 양호하지만은 않았다. Viral breakthrough 발생 후 주의 깊은 임상경과 의 관찰이 요구되며, 앞으로 viral breakthrough 후 급성악화 예에 대한 대규모 연구와 적절한 치료방향의 제시가 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각된다. Background/Aims: Long-term lamivudine therapy can induce the emergence of lamivudine resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutants. Clinically emergence of the mutant is expressed by the reappearance of disappeared HBV DNA in serum. Continued lamivudine treatment has been usually recommended in cases of viral breakthrough. However, the clinical outcome in patients with viral breakthrough is not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical course of chronic hepatitis B patients after viral breakthrough during lamivudine therapy. Methods: A total of 74 patients with chronic hepatitis B who showed viral breakthrough after at least 6 months of lamivudine treatment were included in this study. They had positive HBeAg and HBV DNA before treatment. The median follow-up duration after breakthrough was 13 months. Results: After viral breakthrough, only 8 patients (11%) maintained normal ALT levels and 66 patients (89%) showed elevation of ALT. 30 patients (41%) showed acute exacerbation of hepatitis (ALT increase over five-times upper normal limit). These acute exacerbations occurred within three months after breakthrough in 19 patients (63%). In the cases of acute exacerbation, 6 patients showed decompensated progression such as elevation of serum total bilirubin. One of them died of hepatic failure. A predictive factor for acute exacerbation was not found. HBeAg seroconversion occurred in 8 patients after viral breakthrough but their clinical course was highly variable. Conclusions: Chronic hepatitis B patients who had viral breakthrough during lamivudine therapy should be followed carefully and regularly in mind of potential clinical deterioration. New strategies are needed to manage the cases of acute exacerbation after viral breakthrough.(Korean J Hepatol 2002;8:389-396)

어류

최신석,홍영표 忠南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1992 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.-

용담댐 예정지역의 어류상을 조사하기 위해 1991년 10월부터 3차에 걸쳐 9개 지점을 대상으로 실시하였다. 1차 조사에서는 총 4과 16종이 채집되었고, 2차 조사에서는 총 6과 21종이 채집되었으며, 3차 조사에서는 3과 16종이 채집됨으로서 1, 2, 3차 조사를 통해 확인된 총 서식 어종은 6과 22종이었다. 이들 중 보편종은 갈겨니 Zacco temmincki, 피라미 Z. platypus, 쉬리 Coreoleucicus splendidus, 돌마자 Microphysogobio yaluensis, 돌고기 Pungtungia herzi, 칼납자루 Acheiloganathus koreanus 등으로 전형적인 상류성 어류가 대부분이었으며, 이들 가운데 한국 특산어종은 줄납자루 Acheilognathus yamatsutae, 감돌고기 Pseudopungtungia nigra, 쉬리 C. splendidus 등 총 12종으로 자연 분포 어류 중 27.5%를 차지하였다. 특히 환경의 변화에 민감하여 앞으로 그 수가 감소될 것으로 예상되어 보호되어야 할 종은 감돌고기 P. nigra, 꾸구리 Gobiobotia macrocephalus, 돌상어 G. brevibarba, 참종개 Cobitis koreensis, 꺽지 Coreopercaherzi, 쉬리 C. splendidus, 자가사리 Liobagrus mediadiposalis, 누동자개 Pseudobagrus sp. 등으로 나타났다. 용담댐 예정지 동일 지점을 대상으로 군집분석한 결과 다양도 지수는 St.3지점에서 1, 2, 3차 각각 1.97,1.89,1.92로 비교적 유사한 값을 나타내었으며, 시기별로 현저한 차이를 보이는 지점은 St.4와 St.8지점으로 그 범위는 0.00에서 1.35로 산정되었다. 또한 풍부도 지수는 St.3지점에서 1, 2, 3차 각각 2.44, 2.32, 2.57의 범위로 비교적 높게 산정되었으며, St.6과 St.8지점은 조사 시기별로 현저한 차이를 보였고, St.3이 군집이 비교적 안정되어 있는 장소로 판단되었다.

사후분해 시체에 대한 법의학적 접근

최영식,이상용,김유훈,조갑래,이봉우,양경무,정낙은,서중석,이한영,이원태,강현욱 大韓法醫學會 2000 대한법의학회지 Vol.24 No.2

Disposal of a homicide victim by dismemberment is rare, but individual cases are on record in most major medicolegal departments. Recognition of postmortem mutilation may be of importance in the interpretation of certain murders committed by sexual perverts and other mentally deranged individuals and sometimes performed for the sole reason of easier disposal of the body. Postmortem dismemberment is usually readily recognizable as such; The edges of the injuries are dry and lack evidence of bleeding. The joints may be disarticulated without fracture, or the use of an axe or saw may be evident from examination of bones. Parallel horizontal or oblique furrows in the bone surface are caused by skipping of the saw prior to establishing depth. Such patterns on the bone may assist in identifying the particular saw involved. So we report 25 dismembered corpses that autopsied in National Institute of Scientific Investigation. This paper can help in attempting to establish not only the first criminal investigation steps but also the medicolegal approach methods in unidentified and dismembered deaths.

경포호의 어류상 및 어류군집 특성

최준길,박승철,장영수,이광열,최재석 강원대학교 부속 환경연구소 2005 Journal of the Environment Vol.2 No.-

The characteristics of ichthyofauna and fish community in the Lagoon Gyeongpo, Korea were investigated from May to October 2005. The total number of fish caught during the period was representing 26 specis and 18 families. Most dominant species was T. hakonensis(50.65%) and subdominant specis was A. flavimaus(25.41%). K. punctatatus(11.07%), M. cephalus(6.53%), E. japonicus(1.46%), C. castaneus(1.01%) were also numerous. The total biomass of collected fish showed 147.00kg, 135.83kg, 85.60kg,23.76kg, repectively. A pattern of the fish community according to seasonal veriations appear to be related tp spawning periods of species. Comparison of the ichthyofauna in present study with the references from early years suggests that there has been a gradual decrease, in composition, of primary freshwater specis accompanying with the increase of peripheral freshwater and seawater specis.

잎담배 생산농가의 경작규모별 곁순방제 소요노동력 조사

최상진,김영신,이학수,석영선 충북대학교 연초연구소 2004 煙草硏究 Vol.19 No.-

This study was carried out to decect efficient method of sucker control classifed by cultivation hectarage per farm in 57 farms selected in the main producing districts of flue-cured and burley tobacco. In topping, it was no difference of working hours by cultivation hectarage per farm in flue-cured and burley tobacco. Suckering was the best in working hours among working type, and the more cultivation hectarage per farm was small, the more working hours of topping, suckering and application of suckercide was increased. Application of system suckercide shows a decrease as compared with application of contact suckercide but the decrease of working hours in application of contact suckercide by cultivation hectarage per farm was larger than in system suckercide. 경작면적별 효율적인 곁순억제방법을 알아보고자 황색종 및 버어리종 주산지에서 57개 경작농가를 선정하여 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 적심작업의 경우 황색종과 버어리종 모두 경작면적에 의한 노력소요량의 차이는 없었다. 2. 곁순제거작업은 다른 작업에 비해 노력소요량이 가장 많았고, 경작면적이 작을수록 노력소요량이 증가하였다. 3. 황색종과 버어리종 모두 침투성 곁순억제살포작업에 비해 접촉성 약제살포작업에서 노력소요량이 많았으나 경작면적이 큰 경우 접촉성 약제 살포작업 노력소요량 감소폭이 침투성 곁순억제제 살포작업에 대한 노력소요량 감소폭보다 컸다. 4. 각 작업에 대하여 농가간 최저 및 최고 노력소요량 차이가 큰 것으로 나타나 조사방법과 시기를 보완하여 보다 체계적이고 세밀한 조사가 추가적으로 이루어져야 할 필요가 있다.