收穫時期 및 黃變期間에 따른 黃色種 담배 乾燥中 內容成分 含量 變化

石泳善,具漢書 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1997 煙草硏究 Vol.16 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of harvesting time and periods of yellowing stage on the chemical composition of the pit-covered mulching cultured flue-cured tobacco leaves during flue-curing process. The results are summarized as follows : 1.The changes of chlorophyll content in tobacco leaves was influenced more by harvesting time than period of yellowing stages. As the early harvesting, the chlorophyll content of cured leaves was appeared high in prolonged yellowing time case. 2.The content of sugar in tobacco leaves were increased in early stage during flute-curing process with delayed harvest and prolonged yellowing period. 3.Total nitrogen and amono-nitrogen in fresh and cured leaves decreased at the harvesting time delayed. Amino-nitrogen content of cured leaves at early harvesting increased as the yellowing time was prolonged, but increased as the yellowing time was shortened in the case of late harvesting.

황색종 연초건조에 있어서 건조조건에 따른 내용성분변화 제3보. 송풍량 변화에 따른 영향

석영선,황건중,손현주,Seok, Yeong-Seon,Hwang, Keon-Joong,Sohn, Hyun-Joo 한국연초학회 1986 한국연초학회지 Vol.8 No.2

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of circulating air volume to chemical composition of tobacco leaves during the bulk curing. The results were as follows : The decrease of circulating air volume prolonged curing time as the case of a 0.058m3/min. kg; but, no remarkable changes with a 0.11m3/min. kg and a 0.083m3/min. kg. When the circulating air volume was decreased, compared with 0.11m3/min. kg, sugar content was increased while total nitrogen and nicotine content showed a reduced values. In case of a 0.058m3/min. kg and a 0.083m3/min.kg, solanone and damascenone were high. Some of volatile neutral constituents and volatile organic acids were increased during curing process ; especially, their quantities were remarkably increased during the midrib drying stage. As circulating air volume decreased the equilibrium moisture content was increased, while leaf shatter index and filling capacity were decreased.

버얼리種 乾燥時 철재파이프비닐하우스의 遮光程度가 煙草葉의 理化學性에 미치는 影響

石泳善 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1995 煙草硏究 Vol.15 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of shading rate of the pipe house covered with transparent plastic during curing on the variation of physical and chemical characteristics in burley tobacco. The results are summarized as follows. The decomposition of chlorophyll and total sugar during curing were insufficient in lower shading rate, particularly in no shading. In the case of higher shading rate, the content of ammonia nitrogen was more increased and that of amino-nitrogen was less increased. Chlorogenic acid was less decreased with lower shading rate. Yellowished and photobleached leaves under higher than 60% shading were markedly decreased, while house-burned leaves was slightly increased. Though yellowished leaves greatly decreased by higher shading rate, but there was insufficient to prevent yellowished leaves. Especially, the treatment of no shading overdried the tobacco leaves during the initial stage of curing as indicated by the 50% abnormal leaves from half of total leaves being marked as yellowish.

황색종 연초 건조에 있어서 건조조건에 따른 내용성분 변화 II. 중골건조기 승온속도에 따른 영향

석영선,황건중,이은홍,Seok, Yeong-Seon,Hwang, Keon-Joong,Lee, Eun-Hong 한국연초학회 1986 한국연초학회지 Vol.8 No.1

This experiment was carries out to study on the effect of temperature raising rate to chemical composition of tobacco leaves during the midrib drying stage of flue-curing. The results were as follows : In the case of the temperature raising rate became more rapidly during midrib drying stage. It had a tendency to increase in oxailic acid, succinlc acid, ammonia, polyphenol; there was a large loss of total sugar, reducing sugar, malic acid, palmitic acid and linolenic acid; leaf color became more reddish; the leaf quality index value decreased, thereby the quality of external appearance deteriorated. It is desirable that the temperature raising rate had to be more slowly.

열풍건조시 적입 및 송풍량에 따른 황색종 연초엽의 이화학성 변화

석영선,노재영 한국연초학회 1992 한국연초학회지 Vol.14 No.1

This studies were carried out to investigate the effects of leaf loading quantity and circulating air volume during bulk curing on the variation of physical and chemical characteristics in flue-cured tobacco. The results are as follows : 1. The content of sugar in cured leaves was decreased with more circulating air volume and leaf loading quantity at bulk curing. 2. Total nitrogen and protein nitrogen were decreased with less circulating air volume and more leaf loading quantity, while amino nitrogen was increased. 3. The contents of linolenic acid and linoleic acid were increased with more leaf loading quantity and oxalic acid and citric acid had a tendency of being increased in case of high circulating air volume. 4. In general, major aromatic compounds were increased through flue-curing. Relatively high content of solanone in case of lower air volume and less leaf loading were observed, while megastig matrienone was increased when leaf loading was small. 5. The more circulation air volume with leaf loading quantity caused lowering equilibrium moisture content and higher shatter index, which resulted in poor quality of cured leaves based on quality index, nitrogen number, taste index phillips index, and sugar-nicotine ratio.

텍스트 마이닝 분석을 통한 조경시공 연구경향 분석

석영선,반권수 전북대학교 부설 휴양및경관계획연구소 2022 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.16 No.3

This study aimed to derive research trends related to the landscape construction field from various academic journals published in Korea from 1980 to 2022 by using text mining techniques. Research trends were analyzed through VOSviewer, the big data analysis program, and focused on keywords for landscape construction. As a result, first, a total of 226 research papers related to landscape construction showed a gradual increase by an average annual average of 5.8. This is caused by the increase landscaping- related various academic journals since the 1980s, and the increase in research opportunities on landscape construction, methods of construction, and materials due to the expansion of the landscape industry. Second, as a result of analyzing co-occurrence keywords related to landscape construction, it appeared in the order of Plant, Management, Improvement, Species, etc. In addition, as a result of network analysis, it was classified into four research clusters: (1) Post-management and Function improvement, (2) Plant and Plant growth environment, (3) Space and Usability, and (4) Constructability and Economy. Third, as a result of analyzing the field of landscape construction based on the passage of time, the research trend of the field of landscape construction tends to embrace various topics. However, in the future, research on landscaping construction and maintenance smart technology in the era of the 4th industrial revolution, as well as the development of materials and construction methods considering climate change, will be more necessary. This study is meaningful in that it analyzed the research trend related to the landscape construction field in detail through bibliographic analysis for the first time in Korea. In addition, it is meaningful as fundamental data for deriving the developmental research direction in the landscape construction field in consideration of the social paradigm and technological trends changing in the landscape architecture industry. 본 연구는 1980년부터 2022년까지 국내에서 출판된 조경 시공 분야 관련 논문들을 대상으로 텍스트 마이닝 기반의 핵심 단어 분석 프로그램인 VOSviewer를 이용하여 연구 경향을 분석하였다. 연구 결과 첫째, ‘조경 시공’과 관련된 연구논문은 총 226편이며, 연평균 5.8편이 발표되었다. 이는 1980년대 이후 조경학 관련 학회 수의 증가 및 다양화, 조경 산업 확대에 따른 조경시 공, 공법, 재료 등의 연구 기회와 필요성 증가 등에 따라 점진적으로 증가하는 경향을 보인 것으로 사료된다. 둘째, 조경 시공과 관련된 동시 출현 빈도가 높은 핵심 단어를 분석한 결과, Plant, Management, Improvement, Species 등의 순으로 나타났다. 또한, 연관성이 높은 핵심 단어 간의 네트워크를 분석한 결과, ‘사후관리, 기능개선’, ‘식생, 생육환경’, ‘공간, 이용성’, ‘시공성, 경제성’ 등 4개 주제로 연구 영역이 분류되었다. 셋째, ‘조경시공’과 관련된 주요 연구영역별로 시간의 흐름에 기반하여 연구 경향 변화를 분석한 결과, 시대 변화에 따라 점차 다양한 주제를 포용하는 경향을 보였으나, 4차 산업혁명 시대에 걸맞도록 첨단 스마트 기술을 접목한 조경 시공·유지관리 기술 및 기후변화를 고려한 소재, 공법 개발 등에 대한 연구가 활발히 이루어져야 할 것이다. 본 연구는 조경 시공 분야에 대해 국내에서 최초로 빅데이터 기반의 서지 분석을 통해 연구 경향을 분석하였다는 점에서 의미가 있으며, 조경 산업의 사회적 패러다임과 기술 트랜드 변화 추이를 고려하여 조경 시공 분야의 발전적인 연구방향 도출을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

잎담배 生産技術의 現況 및 發展方向

石泳善 충북대학교 엽연초연구소 1995 煙草硏究 Vol.15 No.-

This paper aims to analyse the general characteristics of tobacco productive circumstances and to suggest attention on mechanization alternatives that are available to build up the infra-structure for tobacco production. The characteristics of tobacco productive circumstances can be summarized as widespread small scale farming, high labor practices, and pit-covered mulching cultivation. Rapid development of economic growth during the last decade has been largely increased farm wages as decrease of the shortage of absoluted rural labors. Accompanying the labor problems have been a continual reducing of tobacco production. Much progress has been made in recent years in the development of new tools and techniques for all phase of tobacco production, form soil preparation to curing. The new developments should be considered both reducing labor and raising operational efficiency toward optimum levels. The improvement of productivity should be effectively produced on mechanization and techiques by float system and direct-seeding of transplants in large greenhouse, integrate work of soil preparation, many-sided machinery for field management, large curing facilities, automation of curing management, and large package of tangled leaf. The management rationalization should be effectively produced on expanding farm size, reforming farm land, specializing the seedling production, manufacturing compost and grouping the curing barn by contract farmers or encouraging group.

황색종건조기의 열풍순환방향과 건조엽의 색상

석영선 충북대학교 연초연구소 2008 煙草硏究 Vol.21 No.-

-본문참고-

미세먼지 저감을 위한 그린인프라 계획요소 도출 - 텍스트 마이닝을 활용하여 -

석영선,송기환,한효주,이정아,Seok, Youngsun,Song, Kihwan,Han, Hyojoo,Lee, Junga 한국조경학회 2021 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.49 No.5

그린인프라 계획은 미세먼지 저감을 위한 대표적인 조경 계획 방안 중 하나이다. 이에, 본 연구에서는 미세먼지 저감을 위한 그린인프라 계획 시 활용될 수 있는 요소를 텍스트 마이닝 기법을 활용하여 도출하고자 하였다. 미세먼지 저감계획, 그린인프라 계획 요소 등의 키워드를 중심으로 관련 선행연구, 정책보고서 및 법률 등을 수집하여 텍스트 마이닝을 통해 단어 빈도-역 문서 빈도(Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, 이하 TF-IDF) 분석, 중심성 분석, 연관어 분석, 토픽 모델링 분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, TF-IDF 분석을 통해 미세먼지 및 그린인프라와 관련된 주요 주제어는 크게 환경문제(미세먼지, 환경, 탄소, 대기 등), 대상 공간(도시, 공원, 지역, 녹지 등), 그리고 적용 방법(분석, 계획, 평가, 개발, 생태적 측면, 정책적 관리, 기술, 리질리언스 등)으로 구분할 수 있었다. 둘째, 중심성 분석 결과, TF-IDF와 유사한 결과가 도출되었으며, 주요 키워드들을 연결하는 중심단어는 '그린뉴딜', '유휴부지'임을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 연관어 분석 결과, 미세먼지 저감을 위한 그린인프라 계획 시, 숲과 바람길의 계획이 필요하며, 미기후 조절의 측면에서 수분에 대한 고려가 반드시 필요한 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 유휴공간의 활용 및 혼효림의 조성, 미세먼지 저감 기술의 도입과 시스템의 이해가 그린인프라 계획 시 중요한 요소가 될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 넷째, 토픽 모델링 분석을 통해 그린인프라의 계획요소를 생태적·기술적·사회적 기능을 중심으로 분류하였다. 생태적 기능의 계획요소는 그린인프라의 형태적 부분(도시림, 녹지, 벽면녹화 등)과 기능적 부분(기후 조절, 탄소저장 및 흡수, 야생동물의 서식처와 생물 다양성 제공 등), 기술적 기능의 계획요소는 그린인프라의 방재 기능, 완충 효과, 우수관리 및 수질정화, 에너지 저감 등, 사회적 기능의 계획요소는 지역사회 커뮤니티 기능, 이용객의 건강성 회복, 경관 향상 등의 기능으로 분류되었다. 이와 같은 결과는 미세먼지 저감을 위한 그린인프라 계획 시 리질리언스 및 지속가능성과 같은 개념적 키워드 중심의 접근이 필요하며, 특히, 미세먼지 노출 저감의 측면에서 그린인프라 계획요소의 적용이 필요함을 시사한다고 볼 수 있다. Green infrastructure planning represents landscape planning measures to reduce particulate matter. This study aimed to derive factors that may be used in planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction using text mining techniques. A range of analyses were carried out by focusing on keywords such as 'particulate matter reduction plan' and 'green infrastructure planning elements'. The analyses included Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (TF-IDF) analysis, centrality analysis, related word analysis, and topic modeling analysis. These analyses were carried out via text mining by collecting information on previous related research, policy reports, and laws. Initially, TF-IDF analysis results were used to classify major keywords relating to particulate matter and green infrastructure into three groups: (1) environmental issues (e.g., particulate matter, environment, carbon, and atmosphere), target spaces (e.g., urban, park, and local green space), and application methods (e.g., analysis, planning, evaluation, development, ecological aspect, policy management, technology, and resilience). Second, the centrality analysis results were found to be similar to those of TF-IDF; it was confirmed that the central connectors to the major keywords were 'Green New Deal' and 'Vacant land'. The results from the analysis of related words verified that planning green infrastructure for particulate matter reduction required planning forests and ventilation corridors. Additionally, moisture must be considered for microclimate control. It was also confirmed that utilizing vacant space, establishing mixed forests, introducing particulate matter reduction technology, and understanding the system may be important for the effective planning of green infrastructure. Topic analysis was used to classify the planning elements of green infrastructure based on ecological, technological, and social functions. The planning elements of ecological function were classified into morphological (e.g., urban forest, green space, wall greening) and functional aspects (e.g., climate control, carbon storage and absorption, provision of habitats, and biodiversity for wildlife). The planning elements of technical function were classified into various themes, including the disaster prevention functions of green infrastructure, buffer effects, stormwater management, water purification, and energy reduction. The planning elements of the social function were classified into themes such as community function, improving the health of users, and scenery improvement. These results suggest that green infrastructure planning for particulate matter reduction requires approaches related to key concepts, such as resilience and sustainability. In particular, there is a need to apply green infrastructure planning elements in order to reduce exposure to particulate matter.

잎담배 생산기술의 현황과 전망

석영선 충북대학교 연초연구소 2004 煙草硏究 Vol.19 No.-

우리나라 잎담배 생산의 특징은 조기재배를 위하여 저온기간에 비닐하우스내에서의 육묘와 피복재배를 하며, 영세하고 노동집약적인 소농구조이다. 그러나 국민경제의 급속한 성장에 따른 농촌구조의 변모, 젊은 농촌인구의 이동, 임금상승, 제조담배의 시장개방 등으로 많은 노동력을 필요로 하는 잎담배 생산산업은 극히 어려운 실정에 놓여 있다. 최근 육묘, 본포준비, 건조실 및 건조관리 등에서의 새로운 기술과 기계를 개발하여 많은 효과를 거두고 있으나 좀 더 생력적이고 체계적인 기계화가 필요하다. 재배과정별로는 직파에 의한 부상육묘 및 육묘장의 대형화, 이식준비작업의 일관화된 기계화, 다기능을 가진 본포관리용 종합관리기 개발, 건조실의 대형화 및 자동화, 대형포장의 산엽수매 등 작업의 기계화와 용이화로 생산성의향상을 도모하고, 경영합리화를 위하여 경지의 집단화 및 경지정리, 공동육묘 또는 육묘의 전문화, 퇴비생산의 지역별 공장화, 건조실의 집단화 또는 위탁건조, 건조엽의 저장 및 농기계관리의 공동화 등 공동경영시설로 전환하여야 할 것으로 생각된다. 잎담배 생산의 비용과 환경오염을 줄이면서 유해물질의 함량이 적은 잎담배를 생산하기 위한 주요 내용은 다음과 같다. • 시비는 비료값이나 환경오염을 적게 하기 위하여 토양의 비옥도, 시비 전력 및 재배방법을 고려하여 시비량을 합리적으로 하여야 하며, 과다한 시비는 자원의 낭비는 물론 수질을 오염시키게 된다. • 양질엽을 안정적으로 재배하기 위하여서는 제초를 철저히 하여야 하며, 최근 제초제를 많이 사용하고 있다. 제초제는 잡초의 종류와 후작의 작물을 고려하여 잘 선택하여 사용방법과 사용량을 적정하게 하여야 할 것이다. • 경작기술의 발전으로 곁순의 생장도 커지는 경우가 많으며, 곁순억제제의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 곁순억제제는 접촉형과 침투성 두 가지가 이용되고 있는데 접촉형은 어린 곁순을 테워 죽이고 침투형은 세포분렬을 억제하는 것이다. 침투형인 MH는 1950년대 초에 도입되어 저렴하고 효과가 좋으며, 대체 물질이 아직까지 개발되지 않아 세계적으로 많이 사용되고 있으며 담배잎 중에 잔류량이 허용치보다 높은 경우가 있어 문제시 되고 있다. 유럽의 일부국가에서는 잔유량의 허용치를 80ppm으로 제한하고 있으며, 가까운 장래에 다른 국가에서도 허용치를 강화하여 적용할 것이므로 다른 농약과 더불어 잔류량을 적게 하여야만 할 것이다. • 담배 재배 중에 발생하는 모든 병충해에 대한 방제방법은 다양하므로 이식 전에 포지별로 종합적인 방법을 수립하여야하며, 각 포지에 대한 병해의 발생정도에 대한 지도를 작성하여 방제 계획을 세우면 효과적이다. 병충해의 방제는 피해와 경비를 줄이면서 환경 오염을 적게 하여야 한다. • 황색종 건조 중에 암 발생물질로 알려진 tobacco specific nitrosamines이 연소부산물과 결합하여 생성되는 것으로 밝혀져 있으므로 건조실내로 연소가스가 유입되지 않도록 건조실의 가열장치와 환기시설의 구조를 개선하여야 할 것이다. The characteristics of tobacco productive circumstances can be summarized as widespread small scale farming, high labor practices, and pit-covered mulching cultivation. Rapid development of economic growth during the past few years has been largely increased farm wages as decrease of rural labors. Accompanying the labor problems have been a continual reducing of tobacco production. Much progress has been made in resent years in the development of new tools and techniques for all phase of tobacco production, from soil preparation to curing. The new developments should be considered both reducing labor and raising operational efficiency toward optimum levels. The improvement of productivity should be effectively produced on mechanization and techniques by float system and direct-seeding of transplants in large greenhouse, integrate work of soil preparation, many-sided machinery for field management, large curing facilities, automation of curing management, and large package of tangled leaf. The management rationalization should be effectively produced on expanding farm size, reforming farm land, specializing the seedling production, manufacturing compost, and grouping the curing bam by contract farmers or encouraging group. Below are some suggestions to reduce production cost, environment contamination and health concerns •The efficient use of nutrients, including those in the soil naturally or as a result of previous fertilization and management practices, can help reduce fertilizer costs and environmental concerns without reducing yield or quality. This requires a well-planned fertilization program based on soil testing, wise selection of nutrient sources based on needs and costs, and proper application. Over-fertilization is expensive, wastes natural resources, and increases the potential for contamination of water resources. • Herbicides can reduce the number of cultivations needed to produce a profitable, high-quality crop. There are advantages and disadvantages to each application time depending on the herbicide and weed population. The proper identification of weeds is essential for proper herbicide selection. Also, always read the label before purchasing a herbicide to see whether the product controls the problem weed, to determine the proper rate, and to be aware of rotational restrictions. • Two primary types of chemicals are available for sucker control. Contact alcohol chemicals desiccate (bum) tender sucker tissue, while systemic chemicals retard sucker growth by inhibiting cell division. MH has saved many hours of labor since its introduction in the early 1950s. It is widely used for sucker control because it usually is effective, relatively inexpensive, and easy to apply. But high residues can reduce demand by domestic as well as export customers. No suitable alternative to MH has been developed, and sucker control programs without this product have not given consistently good results. Consequently, MH residues on and in cured tobacco are often higher than acceptable. Several members of the European Community have adopted an 80 ppm MH tolerance on tobacco products. This tolerance may be established by other countries in the near future. Therefor, it would be wise to assume that the MH residues on tobacco will very likely undergo even greater scrutiny and regulation soon. • No one practice can be expected to provide protection from every disease, much less from the many different diseases that might attack tobacco during a growing season. Tobacco growers urgently need to assess the disease problems within each of their fields and plan management strategies well before the crop year. A tobacco disease map of each field can plan control practices that should benefit them immensely as they develop production plans from season to season. The real goal of pests management is not to kill pests but to reduce damage and maximize profits. Thus, it is not only necessary to protect the crop but also to keep the costs of protection as low as possible. It protects the environment and also saves money by reducing pesticide • Recent research has shown that a class of carcinogenic (cancer-causing) compounds known as tobacco specific nitrosamines (TSNAs) may be formed in flue-cured tobacco leaves during the curing process. To prevent the combustion gases from contacting the tobacco do not allow exhaust fumes from burners, boilers, and other equipment to enter the curing chamber.