성악 전공 학생의 가칭 시 음성의 SPR(Singing Power Ratio)에 관한 연구

조성미,정옥란,이상욱 한국음성과학회 2004 음성과학 Vol.11 No.4

This study attempted to provide a spectrum analysis for quantitative evaluation of singing voice quality of singing students rather than the presence or absence of the singer's formant. The regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship between ringing quality, SPR, and SPP of singing voice of college student subjects majoring in music. This study measured singing power ratio (SPR) in 41 singing students. Digital audio recordings were made in sung vowels for acoustic analyses. Each sample was judged by 1 experienced singing teacher and 4 voice pathologists on one semantic bipolar 7-point scales (ringing-dull). The results showed that the SPR and SPP had significant correlations with ringing Quality. The SPR had a significant relationship with ringing quality on singing voice in singing students. The SPR can be an important quantitative measurement for evaluating singing voice quality.

Effect of Plant Growth Regulators on Clonal Production through Basal Stem Explant Cultures of a Phalaenopsis Hybrid

Jo,Man-Hyun,Ham,In-ki,Park,Sang-kyu,Seo,Gwan-Seok,Han,Gyu-Heung,Woo,In-Shik 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.2

This study was conducted to develop the clonal propagation technique through in vitro culture using basal stem explants in Phalaenopsis hybrid grown in vitro. The highest frequency of protocorm-like body (PLB) formation was obtained when basal stem explants were cultured on VW medium containing 30g/L sucrose, 500 mg/L activated charcoal, 150 ml/L coconut water, 1 mg/L NAA, 5 mg/L 2iP and 2.5g/L gel rite. PLBs transferred to Hyponex medium were regenerated to plantlets. Plantlets transferred to plastic pots containing spagnum moss were developed and successfully acclimatized under greenhouse. The flower was bloomingly opened in plants regenerated from basal stem explants. The flower was not different from both mother plant and plant induced through clonal propagation of Phalaenopsis hybrid.

Effect of In-row Plant Spacing on Growth and Yield of Korean Native Allium wakegi Araki

Jo,Man-Hyun,Ham,In-Ki,Park,Sang-Kyu,Seo,Gwan-Seok,Han,Gyu-Heung,Woo,In-Shik 한국자원식물학회 2003 Plant Resources Vol.6 No.2

Allium wakegi Araki was grown at plant spacings of 5, 10, 15, and 20 cm to determine the effect of planting density on the growth and yield. Allium wakegi Araki plants grown at the 5 cm plant spacing had the lowest bulb diameter and bulb weight, while plants at the lowest density (20 cm spacing) had the highest bulb diameter, bulb number, bulb weight and fresh weight. In general, plants grown at narrower spacings produced significantly smaller bulb diameter and bulb weight, but resulted in the highest yields and plants per hectare and lower fresh weights per plant.

전격성 경과를 취한 만성 호산구성 폐렴 환자 1예

윤호상,진춘조,유광하,이상엽,이수인,정상만,김선두,이순제,이길도,전혜정 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2000 건국의과학학술지 Vol.10 No.-

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia(CEP) is a rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronic infiltration of the lung with eosinophils. It presents with profound systemic symptoms comprising fever, night sweats, weight loss, dyspnea and blood eosinophilia with nonsegmental air-space consolidation confined to the outer third of the lung, the "photographic negative of pulmonary edema". Histopathologic features of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia are intraalveolar and interstitial infiltrations with eosinophils, histiocytes, giant cells, scattered lymphocytes and plasma cells. Glucocorticoid therapy cause prompt resolution of symptoms as well as disappearans of blood eosinophils, elevated serum Ig E levels and the roentgenographic lesions. Infrequent radiographic findings include nodular infiltrates, consolidations, cavitations, atelectasis and pleural effusions. Deaths from CEP although rare, have been reported, but the majorities of CEP have benign courses and do not need a therapy with ventilator. We report a case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, which had a sudden course associated with diffuse pneumonic consolidations on the both lung and bilateral pleural effusion.

혈액투석 환자에서 대퇴신경범증으로 발현된 장골근 및 요근 농양 1예

이준상,강동구,신상열,윤재호,조영일,고성은,유영범,전혜정,진춘조,송종오 대한신장학회 2004 대한신장학회잡지 Vol.23 No.1

조선시대 향교 건축의 공간 구성 -기문 및 문헌자료를 중심으로-

조상순 ( Sang Sun Jo ) 한국동양예술학회 2012 동양예술 Vol.20 No.-

역사적 건축물은 시대에 따라, 다양한 모습과 형태를 갖추면서 변화하여 왔다. 문화재의 元形1)을 언급하거나 건축물을 수리할 때에는, 역사적 변화과정을 감안하여, 각 시대의 흔적이 유지되도록 하되, 완전성과 진정성을 고려하는 것이 중요하다. 향교는 고려시대부터 존재하여 온 대표적인 조선시대 건축이다. 이에 대한 연구는 다양한 시각에서 이루어져 왔으나, 대부분 현존하는 형태와 공간에 대한 유형학적 연구에 그쳤으며, 이의 원형과 변화 과정에 대한 고찰은 부족했다. 본 연구에서는 조선시대 전반에 걸친 문헌자료를 근거로 현존향교의 공간 구성이 ‘어떠한 과정을 거쳐 현재와 같이 정형화하였는가’에 대하여 고찰하여, 내재된 공간 구성의 기본 원칙과 변화과정을 체계적으로 살펴보고자 하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 문헌에 나타난 조선 전기(1530년대) 향교는 328개이며, 과반수인 65.6%의 향교가 邑治의 동쪽과 북쪽에 입지하였고, 읍치와의 거리는 5리 미만이 86.9%였다. 향교의 입지는 개인 주택, 사찰터 등을 사용하기도 하였으며, 경치가 좋은 곳에 자리하기도하였다. 좌향은 기본적으로 남향을 선택하였으며, 이는 조선 중기 이후에 향교 입지 선정의 기본 원칙으로 자리 잡았다. 둘째, 대성전을 중심으로 한 제향영역과, 명륜당을 중심으로 한강학영역은, 조선 전기 향교에서 하나의 공간에 존재하고 있었고, 조선 전기를 거치면서 현재와 같이 구분되었다. 특히 명륜당은 조선 전기를 거치면서 향교의 구성 요소로 자리하게 되었으며, 조선중기에 창건되는 경우도 있었다. 셋째, 두 영역은 전후 관계에 따라 소위 ‘前廟後學’과 ‘前學後廟’, 두 가지 유형의 배치로 구분된다. 後者는 이미 중국 宋代 지방 향교 배치에 적용되고 있어, 이러한 배치는 지방 향교가 갖는 보편적 배치 형태였음을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 開城 成均館2)이 후자의 배치를 갖고 있는 반면, 서울 成均館이 전자의 배치를 갖게 된 배경은, 서울 성균관이 유교적 예법을 강조하였기 때문이었을 것으로 추정된다. 서울 성균관과 같은 배치를 갖고 있는 전주와 경주의 향교는 이를 모방하여 건립되었음이 확인되었다. 다섯째, 경상도에 위치한 자인향교의 경우 조선 초 선산의 해평향교, 강릉의 연곡향교의 예에 따라 건립한 기록이 있어 경우에 따라 타 향교를 모방하였음을 확인하였다. 여섯째, 명륜당은 15c까지도 일반 향교에 보편화되지 못했으며, 이것이 제도화되어 정착되는 시기는 16c전후이다. 조선 후기에는 건물 간 배치 관계가 명확해졌고, 소위 ‘上殿下堂’의 원칙이 완성되었다. Historic buildings, depending on the era, while equipped with a variety of looks and shapes have changed. So, whenever we mentioned about its original68) form or repair it, under consideration of its historical process of change, we should pay attention to keep its traces of each periods and also consider its totality and authenticity. Hyang-gyo69) has existed since the Goryeo Dynasty(A.D. 918-1392) and it is a representative architecture of the Joseon Dynasty(A.D. 1392-1910). And researches about it has been made from a various viewpoints. But most in cases, it concentrated on its typological research on form and space of present state. And there was the lack of consideration for the originality and the process of change. In this study, based on literatures throughout the Joseon Dynasty, I have considered the process of change of the spatial configuration of current Hyang-gyo architecture. By this, I tried to examine systematically the spatial configuration of the basic principles and processes of change inherent. The results are as follows. The First, the number of Hyang-gyo of the early Joseon period(A.D.1530s) in the literature are 328. More than half of them are located eastern and northern area of village or city. And 86.9% of them are located within 2km``s distances. In some cases, Hyang-gyo located on past-residence or past-temple site, and basically they were set southward. The second, the shrine zone centered by Dae-sung-jeon and the school zone centered by Myung-ryun-dang was originally existed in one space in case of beginning period of Joseon Dynasty. And they divide into two zones during former term of Joseon Dynasty. Especially, Myung-ryun-dang start to exist during former term of Joseon Dynasty and in some cases, it was build first during medium term of Joseon Dynasty. The third, these two zones would be layout as two types. The one is front-shrine and rear-school and the other is front-school and rear-shrine. As the layout of the latter was already adopted in Chinese local Hyang-gyo during Song dynasty(A.D. 960-1279), so this type of layout could be a typical one in hyang-gyo. In case of the former layout, it was the unique one of Joseon dynasty. The forth, there are two Sung-kyun-kwan which are the top educational institutions in Goryeo and Joseon dynasty. But they have different layouts. And the reason must be a difference of emphasis on Confucian etiquette and the one of Joseon dynasty take a front-shrine and rear-school layout. In cases of hynag-gyo in Jeonju and Gyeongju have imitated the layout of Sung-kyun-kwan of Joseon dynasty. The fifth, in case of hyang-gyo in Jain, it imitated the hyang-gyo in Hae-pyong of Sun-san and the hyang-gyo in Yeon-gok of Gang-neung in early Joseon dynasty. And it means that there were some cases of imitations regardless of the area. The sixth, Myung-ryun-dang(a study building) was not being common until 15th century. And its institutionalization and settlement period is around 16th century. During late Joseon dynasty, the clear relationship between buildings was placed and the principle of ``upper-shrine & below-school`` was completed.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Nanogenerators: Fully Rollable Transparent Nanogenerators Based on Graphene Electrodes (Adv. Mater. 19/2010)

Choi, Dukhyun,Choi, Min-Yeol,Choi, Won Mook,Shin, Hyeon-Jin,Park, Hyun-Kyu,Seo, Ju-Seok,Park, Jongbong,Yoon, Seon-Mi,Chae, Seung Jin,Lee, Young Hee,Kim, Sang-Woo,Choi, Jae-Young,Lee, Sang Yoon,Kim, Jo WILEY-VCH Verlag 2010 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.22 No.19

<B>Graphic Abstract</B> <P>The cover shows an image of fully rollable transparent nanogenerators synthesized using chemical vapor deposition grown large-scale graphene sheets as transparent electrodes and piezoelectric ZnO nanorod arrays. Sang-Woo Kim, Jae-Young Choi, and co-workers report on p. 2187 the electrical and structural stability of the nanogenerators, with excellent charge scavenging performance under external mechanical loads such as bending and rolling. This study shows that graphene-based nanogenerators are very promising for self-powered rollable transparent device applications. <img src='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content.gif' alt='wiley_img_2010/09359648-2010-22-19-ADMA201090066-content'> </P>

林産油脂樹種의 利用에 관한 硏究(Ⅱ) : 비목나무 種實의 成分分析 Analysis of Component in Lindera erythrocarpa Seed

趙鍾洙,崔相旭 진주산업대학교 1999 산업과학기술연구소보 Vol.- No.6

林産油脂의 資原活用을 위한 비목나무 種實에 대한 脂質 및 아미노酸의 分析 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 미목나무種實의 化學的 組成은 組脂肪이 67.36%, 灰分이 2.50%이였으며 物理-化學的 組成에서는 比種이 0.962, 屈折率이 1.4691, 酸價가 9.63, 비누化價가 133.6, 요오드價가 67.6으로 나타났다. 그리고 總脂肪酸 組成에서는 myristoleic acid, lauric acid, caprid acid가 대체로 높게 나타났으며 脂質의 構成을 보면 中性과 糖脂質에서는 myristoleic acid, lauric acid가 높은 함량을 보여 전체적으로는 總脂質과 같은 경향을 보였다. 試料의 構成아미노酸 分析에서는 必順아미노酸을 포함하여 17種으로 構成되어 있었으며 이中 glutamic acid가 27.26%로 가장 높게 나타났고 다음이 aspartic acid가 14.47%의 含量을 보였으며 proline는 存在하지 않았다. We investigated the composition of chemical components of Lindera erythrocarpa seed. The chermical compositions of Lindera erythrocarpa seed consisted of 4.50% of moisture, 67.36% of crude fat, 2.50% of ash. The physico-chemical characteristics of the seed oil were determined as follows: specific gravity, refractive index, acid value, sapomification value and iodine value were 0.926, 1.4691, 9.63, 133.6, and 67.8, respectively. The lipids in the crude oil were almost composed of neutral lipids. Also it contained all essential fatty acids. The seed oil contained 12 different kinds of fatty acids which were myristoleic acid, lauric acid, oleic acid, capric acid, palmitoeic acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, lauroleic acid. eicosanoic acid, stearic acid , linolenic acid and myristic acid. The content of myristoleic acid in total lipid, neutral lipid and glycolipid is the highest than that of other lipids. The seed contained 17 different kinds of amino acids such as glutamic acid, aspartic acid, leucine, arginine, valine and so on. The content of glutamic acid is the highest than that of other amino acids.

Lactobacillus acidophilus 88과 Lactobacillus bulgaricus IFO 13953간의 세포융합주의 특성에 관한 연구

조영배,김혜정,김성구,백형석,전홍기 부산대학교 유전공학연구소 1996 분자생물학 연구보 Vol.12 No.-

유산균의 균주개량방법의 일환으로 protoplast fusion 기법과 electrofusion법을 이용하여 protease 활성, lipase 활성, 내열성, 내산성 등이 우수한 L. bulgaricus 와 bacteriocin을 생산하는 L. acidophilus를 융합시켜 얻은 융합주들의 생리학적 성질을 검토하였다. 산 생성능, 내열성, 내산성, protease, lipase 활성 등은 L. bulgaricus가 L. acidophilus 보다 우수하였다. L. bulgaricus는 lactose와 sorbose를 이용하였으나 maltose와 sorbitol을 이용하지 못하는 반면, L. acidophilus는 maltose를 이용하고 lactose와 sorbose를 이용하지 못하였다. 융합주 가운데서는 3, 6, 7, 8, 10번이 모균주의 발효능 특성을 함께 지님으로서 재조합체임을 확인 할 수 있었으며, sorbitol의 경우 모균주에서는 발효능이 전혀 나타나지 않았음에도 불구하고 융합주 4, 7번이 발효능을 나타내어 융합과정에서 새로운 형질을 획득하기도 한다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. Lactase 활성은 모균주 모두 높은 β-galactosidase 활성을 보였으나, phospho-β-galactosidase 활성은 거의 없었으며 융합주들도 다소 차이는 있었지만 모균주와 유사한 효소 활성을 나타내었다. 발효에 있어서 key enzyme으로 작용하는 protease, lipase 등의 효소 활성도 모균주의 활성 보다 우수한 융합주도 존재하였다. Aninterspecific fusant was made from the protoplasts of two strains of lactobacillus genus (streptomycin and lincomycin resistant L. bulgaricus and kanamycin resistant L. acidophilus 88). The functional properties of the fusant were examined by determining bacteriocin productivity, acid producing activity, ability of carbohydrates fermentation and three important enzyme activities. The recombinant strain revealed bacteriocin productivity. Acid production and β galactosidase, phospho-β-galactosidase, lipase and protease activity of L. bulgaricus were better than those of L. acidophilus 88. Among fusants, β-galactosidase activity of two strains were better than that of the parent strains but phospho-β-galactosidase activity remarkably lower. One fusant revealed the improved proteolysis compared to that of the parent strains- Lipase activity of L. bulgaricus was better than that of L. acidophilus but another fusant exhibited the highest lipase activity.