전송율 향상을 위한 다단계 상호연결망

신용태,이철희,조민수 崇實大學校 生産技術硏究所 1996 論文集 Vol.26 No.1

This paper proposed two Multi-statge Interconnection Network(MIN) that had multiple outlet to improve throughput. These proposed MINS were made of Clos MIN, well known Non-blocking MIN. These proposed MINs were called ECFS(Expanded Clos Switch Fabric) adn TCSF(Tandem Clos Switch Fabric). ECFS was consist of expanded number of switchs for multiple oulet. TCSF was consist of serial Clos MIN for multiple outlet. Performance evaluation of these proposed MINs was calculated arrival probability of packet through the MIN. In teh result, these proposed MINs with multiple outlet had higher throughput than existed MIN with single outlet. We know the fact that as the outlet of MIN increase, throughput of MIN increase.

Impact of Irradiation Time on the Hydrolysis of Waste Activated Sludge by the Dielectric Heating of Microwave

Tae Joo Park,Im Gyu Byun,Jae Ho Lee,Ji Sung Lim,Jeong Min Lee 대한환경공학회 2014 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.19 No.1

The effects of initial solid concentration and microwave irradiation (MWI) time on the hydrolysis of waste activated sludge (WAS)were investigated. MWI time strongly influenced WAS hydrolysis for all initial solid concentrations of 8.20, 31.51, and 52.88 g VSS/L. For all WAS, the volatile suspended solids (VSS) solubilization degree ranged from 35.6% to 38.4% during a total MWI time of 10 min. Solublechemical oxygen demand (SCOD) concentration increased at a rate proportional to the decrease of VSS during the MWI. However, the clearly different VSS solubilization patterns that were observed during the MWI were explained by the 2-step hydrolysis of WAS, consisting of the initial disintegration of the easily degradable part of the sludge, followed by the subsequent disintegration of the hardlydegradable part of the sludge. WAS hydrolysis rates for 3 to 6 min of MWI were significantly lower than those for less than 3 min, or more than 6 min. From these results, 3 min MWI time and WAS of 31.51 g VSS/L (centrifugal thickener WAS) showed the most efficienthydrolysis of WAS at 36.0%. The profiles of total nitrogen (T-N) concentrations corresponded well to the SCOD increases in terms of the empirical formula of bacterial cell mass (C5H7O₂N). The negligible T-N increase and pH decrease during WAS hydrolysis by MWI will allowthe application of this process to subsequent biological processes, such as anaerobic digestion.

Influence of Aeration Rate and Reactor Shape on Composting Poultry Manure and Sawdust

( Waqas Qasim ),( Min Ho Lee ),( Byeong Eun Moon ),( Jae Min Jo ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.2

We investigated various physicochemical properties, i.e., temperature, ammonia and carbon dioxide concentration, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), C/N ratio, organic matter content, moisture content, bacterial population, and seed germination index (GI), during the composting of poultry manure and sawdust for different aeration rates and reactor shapes. Three cylindrical-shaped and three rectangular-shaped laboratory-scale 60-L composting reactors were used in this study, with aeration rates of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 L min^-1kg^-1 (drymatter)DM. Results showed that the low aeration rate (0.3 L min^-1kg^-1DM) corresponded to a higher and longer thermophilic phase than did the high aeration rate (0.9 L min^-1kg^-1DM). Ammonia and carbon dioxide volatilization were directly related to the temperature profile of the substrate, with significant differences between the low and high aeration rates during weeks 2 and 3 of composting but no significant difference observed during week 1. At the end of our study, the final values of pH, EC, moisture content, C/N ratio, and organic matter in all compost reactors were lower than those at the start. The growth of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria was directly related to the thermophilic and mesophilic condition of the compost. The final GI of the cylindrical reactor with an airflow rate of 0.3 L min^-1kg^-1DM was 82.3%, whereas the GIs of the other compost reactors were below 80%. In this study, compost of a cylindrical reactor with a low aeration rate (0.3 L min^-1kg^-1DM) was more stable and mature than the other reactors.

Sustained-release praziquantel tablet : pharmacokinetics and the treatment of clonorchiasis in beagle dogs

Hong, Sung-Tae,Lee, Sang Hyup,Lee, Seung-Jin,Kho, Weon-Gyu,Lee, Mejeong,Li, Shunyu,Chung, Byung-Suk,Seo, Min,Choi, Min-Ho 梨花女子大學校 藥學硏究所 2003 藥學硏究論文集 Vol.- No.12

Praziquantel is rapidly absorbed and secreted; and thus fractional doses are recommended for the treatment of cestode and trematode infections. In the present study, we developed a new praziquantel tablet formula allowing sustained-release (SRP). In vitro dissolution of SRP tablets showed that praziquantel at 300 ㎎/tablet combined with hydroxypropyl methylcellulose dissolved completely at a constant rate over 10 h, whereas the conventional praziquantel tablet (PZQ) was only 40% dissolved. Pharmacokinetic studies in dogs confirmed that SRP was absorbed more slowly than PZQ. The mean value of the area under the concentration/time curve from 0 h to the final observation time, the maximum concentration in serum, and the time of maximum concentration in serum for SRP were 3.471.500 ng/min for 0.25 ㎖, 10,300 ng for 0.25 ㎖, and 192 min. while the values for PZQ were 688,600 ng/min for 0.25㎖, 2,500 ng for 0.25㎖, and 135 min. The cure rate in dogs with a heavy infection (500 metacercariae) treated with a single dose of SRP (150 ㎎/tablet) at 50 ㎎/㎏ was 80%, while in dogs treated with a single dose of SRP (300 ㎎/tablet) at 30 mg/kg it was 60%, and the cure rate with PZQ was 20%. In each case. the egg reduction rate was similar (over 90%). No abnormal liver functions or hepatic or renal pathologies were observed in dogs administered with SRP at 30 ㎎/㎏. The SRP tablet showed sustained release and slow absorption; and it had an improved anthelmintic efficacy against Clonorchis sinensis in experimental dogs. compared with conventional praziquantel.

자바리, Epinephelus bruneus의 난 발생과 부화에 미치는 수온의 영향

양문호,최영웅,정민민,구학동,오봉세,문태석,이창훈,김경민,한석중,Yang, Moon-Ho,Choi, Young-Ung,Jung, Min-Min,Ku, Hag-Dong,Oh, Bong-Sae,Moon, Tae-Seok,Lee, Chang-Hoon,Kim, Kyong-Min,Han, Seock-Jung 한국발생생물학회 2007 발생과 생식 Vol.11 No.2

This study examined temperature effect in egg development and hatching of longtooth grouper, Epinephelus bruneus. Fertilized embryos was not growth after morula stage at $15^{\circ}C$, at 18, 21, 24 and $27^{\circ}C$, the required time from fertilized embryos to hatching were 70 h. 30 min., 44 h. 10 min., 29 h. 10 min. and 24 h. 30 min., respectively. The hatching rates at $24^{\circ}C$ were higher than the other conditions and the hatching was not occurred at $15^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that the water temperature range of egg development and hatching was $18{\sim}27^{\circ}C$. 이 연구는 실내 사육수조에서 자연산란 후 수정된 난을 대상으로 수온에 따른 난 발생속도와 부화율을 조사하였다. 부화에 이르기까지 각 수온조건에서 소요된 시간은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 상실기 이후 발생이 진행되지 않았고, 18, 21, 24, $27^{\circ}C$에서 각각 70시간 30분, 44시간 10분, 29시간 10분 그리고 24시간 30분이 소요되었다. 부화율은 $15^{\circ}C$에서 0%였고, 18, 21, 24 그리고 $27^{\circ}C$에서 각각 $8.3{\pm}1.2%$, $18.0{\pm}6.2%$, $24.0{\pm}4.0%$ 그리고 $17.0{\pm}7.2%$로 뚜렷한 차이 없이 $24^{\circ}C$에서 다소 높았고 21와 $27^{\circ}C$에서 비슷한 경향이었으며 $18^{\circ}C$에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과에서 자바리의 난발생 수온범위는 $18{\sim}27^{\circ}C$로 제안된다.

Nanocrystalline silicon films deposited with a modulated hydrogen dilution ratio by catalytic CVD at 200 ℃

Tae-Hwan Kim,Kyoung-Min Lee,Jae-dam Hwang,Wan-Shick Hong 한국물리학회 2009 Current Applied Physics Vol.9 No.2

Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin films that are deposited at low-temperatures (<200 ℃) often contain an incubation layer as thick as 10 nm. This incubation layer deteriorates performance of electronic devices, such as bottom-gate thin-film transistors, fabricated from the nc-Si film. We found that the crystallinity of the nc-Si films could be improved by adding a large quantity of hydrogen to the source gas. However, the hydrogen dilution degraded the deposition rate. We attempted a modulation of the hydrogen dilution ratio in a catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD) system to achieve both a minimal incubation layer and high throughput. We obtained an incubation-layer thickness of 3 nm and were able to grow a 200-nm-thick film in 18 min. Nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si) thin films that are deposited at low-temperatures (<200 ℃) often contain an incubation layer as thick as 10 nm. This incubation layer deteriorates performance of electronic devices, such as bottom-gate thin-film transistors, fabricated from the nc-Si film. We found that the crystallinity of the nc-Si films could be improved by adding a large quantity of hydrogen to the source gas. However, the hydrogen dilution degraded the deposition rate. We attempted a modulation of the hydrogen dilution ratio in a catalytic chemical vapor deposition (Cat-CVD) system to achieve both a minimal incubation layer and high throughput. We obtained an incubation-layer thickness of 3 nm and were able to grow a 200-nm-thick film in 18 min.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

The relationship between aerobic capacity and the recruitment of activated sweat gland density with passive heating

( Tae Wook Kim ),( Jong Hyuck Kim ),( Nam Eun Bae ),( Hyung Seok Seo ),( Young Soo Baik ),( Jeong Beom Lee ),( Hun Mo Yang ),( Young Ki Min ) 한국운동영양학회 2012 Journal of exercise nutrition & biochemistry Vol.16 No.4

This study investigated whether the recruitment of activated sweat gland density during passive heating [immersion of the lower body into hot water, 41℃ for 30 min (PH), room temperature 23 ± 0.5℃ with 60 ± 3% relative humidity] is different in endurance-trained (Trainee), compared with that of untrained subjects (Control), as indicated by VO2max. Eight trainees and seven control female subjects (38.31 ± 4.91 ml·kg-1·min-1 and 31.8 ± 0.92 ml·kg-1·min-1, respectively, p < 0.01) were similar on all other physical characteristics. To compare the changes between the trainees and controls, serum cortisol and prolactin (PRL), tympanic temperature (TYMP), local activated sweat gland density (L-ASGD) and the mean whole body sweat loss volume (M-WBSLV) changes were measured after PH. The cortisol was significantly higher (p < 0.05) and the PRL tended to be higher in the Trainee than in the Control. The TYMP increased more in the Trainee than in the Control (p < 0.001). The L-ASGD showed a higher tendency in the Trainee than in the Control, there was a significant difference in the mean activated sweat gland density (p < 0.01) and the L-ASGD was significantly correlated with the VO2max (p < 0.001). The M-WBSLV was significantly higher in the Trainee (p < 0.001) and significantly correlated with the VO2max (p < 0.001). The results suggest that in humans, a high aerobic capacity is associated with a greater recruitment of activated sweat glands, whole body loss of volume and TYMP. Therefore, the decline in the heat loss responses, due to decrease in maximal oxygen consumption, may be masked by repeated endurance exercise training.

Effect of Forging Type on the Deformation Heterogeneities in Multi‑Axial Diagonal Forged AA1100

Min‑Seong Kim,Sang‑Chul Kwon,Sun‑Tae Kim,Seong Lee,Hyo‑Tae Jeong,Shi‑Hoon Choi 대한금속·재료학회 2019 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.25 No.3

The present study investigated the effects that different types of forging exert on the deformation heterogeneities developedin AA1100 during multi-axial diagonal forging. To measure the deformation heterogeneities of deformed workpieces, thevalues for hardness and Kernel average misorientation were measured at the center section following each forging process. Type-D forging that consists of diagonal forging and return-diagonal forging was relatively advantageous compared withType-P forging that includes plane forging and return-plane forging for minimizing the non-uniformity of deformationdeveloped in workpieces. The effective strain developed in a workpiece during the 2 types of forging was simulated using3-D FEA. FEA revealed that the positions and degrees of occurrence for soft and hard-zones in workpieces vary greatlydepending on the forging type. Type-D forging was relatively advantageous compared with Type-P forging for minimizingthe non-uniformity of effective strain developed in workpieces.

개의 췌도분리에서 췌장의 팽창과 콜라겐 분해요소

이상훈,김성주,박정환,김종성,오승훈,한진수,정인경,양태영,김동준,김광원,이문규,민용기,이명식,정재훈,함종렬 대한당뇨병학회 2000 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.24 No.2

Backgrounds: One of the main problems conditioning the outcome of islet transplantation is the ability to separate a sufficient number of viable islets with preserved function. Islet purification is critically affected by all of the isolation stages. Thus, it is necessary to set up the standard isolation method that islets are separate well from acinar without compromising islet yield and viability. Methods: Twenty three adult mongrel dogs were used for the experiment of total pancreatectomy with islet isolation. The islets were properly isolated by a modified Recordi method. The obtained islets were further purified by centrifugation on discontinuous gradients using cell separation system (Model 2991, Cobe, Lakewood Colo). We evaluated islet number (islet equivalent number, 150 um equivalents/kg of recipient body weight, IEq/kg), purity, cell volume, viabilty, recovery rate, and comparison of outcome according to the isolation conditions. Results: 1) The mean of islet numbers before purification were 13543±9431Eq/kg, digestion times were 13.8±2.6 min., digestion temperature was 37.4±0.2℃, purity was 59.7?.0%, viability was 90.0±2.1%, cell volume was 4.7±1.1 mL, islet number after purification were 4064±361 IEq/kg, and recovery rate was 29±2.9%. 2) Isolated islet numbers were different according to the degree of pancreas distension with collagenase, digestion temperature, and digestion time. 3) The best conditions for islet isolation were above 37.5℃ in temperature at recirculation of collagenase, within 12 min in digestion time and well distended pancreas with collagenase. 4) According to multiple regression adjusted by variable factors, the degree of pancreas distension with collagenase and digestion time were independently associated factors for successful islet isolation. Conclusions: In this study, we concluded that the degree of pancreas distension with collagenase and digestion time were independent factors for successful islet isolation and the best conditions for islet isolation were above 37.5℃ in temperature at recirculation of collagenase, within 12 min in digestion time and well distended pancreas with collagenase.