Predicting Common Patterns of Livestock-Vehicle Movement Using GPS and GIS: A Case Study on Jeju Island, South Korea

( Waqas Qasim ),( Jea Min Cho ),( Byeong Eun Moon ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Fawad Kahn ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Yong Cheol Yoon ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.3

Purpose: Although previous studies have performed on-farm evaluations for the control of airborne diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and influenza, disease control during the process of livestock and manure transportation has not been investigated thoroughly. The objective of this study is to predict common patterns of livestock-vehicle movement. Methods: Global positioning system (GPS) data collected during 2012 and 2013 from livestock vehicles on Jeju Island, South Korea, were analyzed. The GPS data included the coordinates of moving vehicles according to the time and date as well as the locations of livestock farms and manure-keeping sites. Data from 2012 were added to Esri software ArcGIS 10.1 and two approaches were adopted for predicting common vehicle-movement patterns, i.e., point-density and Euclidean-distance tools. To compare the predicted patterns with actual patterns for 2013, the same analysis was performed on the actual data. Results: When the manure-keeping sites and livestock farms were the same in both years, the common patterns of 2012 and 2013 were similar; however, differences arose in the patterns when these sites were changed. By using the point-density tool and Euclidean-distance tool, the average similarity between the predicted and actual common patterns for the three vehicles was 80% and 72%, respectively. Conclusions: From this analysis, we can determine common patterns of livestock vehicles using previous year’s data. In the future, to obtain more accurate results and to devise a model for predicting patterns of vehicle movement, more dependent and independent variables will be considered.

Effects of Alum and Ferric chloride as a Blend on Poultry Litter Characteristics

( Waqas Qasim ),( Byeong Eun Moon ),( Malinee Phonsuwan ),( Jin Seok Jo ),( Min Ho Lee ),( Mohammad Nafees ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2016 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.21 No.2

Aluminum sulfate, Ferric chloride, Ferrous sulfate and Sodium bisulfate used on poultry litter in the past individually at different concentration to reduce environmental pollution and increase chicken productivity. Poultry litter is also rich in nutrients which can be used as a fertilizer to crops. In this study we evaluate the effects of Alum and Ferric chloride as a blend on poultry litter characteristics. There were total five treatments Control, T1, T2, T3 and T4. Five Boxes (70 × 40 × 43 cm) were used for this experiment, in each box 1 kg fresh chicken manure and 4 kg sawdust were mixed thoroughly. NH3 and CO₂ emission, pH, EC, Moisture content, Total and Water Soluble nutrients of poultry litter were determined after applying blend of Alum and ferric chloride to T1, T2, T3 and T4 at concentration of (5%+5%), (2.5%+5%), (5%+2.5%), and (2.5%+2.5%) of litter respectively. All the parameters except from nutrients were checked on weekly basis up to six weeks. Nutrients were checked after 1 and 42 days of applying chemicals. NH3, CO₂ emission in control treatment were recorded high from other treatments throughout the experiment but reduced with time due to reduction in moisture content. In other treatments NH3 were 0 ppm at first 2 weeks then the emission starts slowly between 3rd and 6^th weeks. At end of 6^th week lowest NH3 and CO₂ emission was recorded at T1. pH and EC showed the inverse relationship, in control treatment high pH and low EC values were found, and in other treatments low pH and high EC values were found. After 42 days Nitrogen were reduces significantly from control treatment, the high N content were found in T1. Water Soluble Phosphorus were much lower in treated poultry litters than untreated both after 1 day and 42 days. These data give us an indication that use of Alum and Ferric chloride as a blend can be more useful amendments for reducing NH3, CO₂, pH and Moisture content which help in poultry productivity, controlling pollution and poultry litter as a fertilizer.

Predicting Common Moving Pattern of Livestock Vehicles by Using GPS and GIS: A case study of Jeju Island, South Korea

( Waqas Qasim ),( Jae Min Jo ),( Jin Seok Jo ),( Byeong Eun Moon ),( Han Jong Ko ),( Won Geun Son ),( Se Seung Son ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.1

On farm evaluation for the control of airborne diseases like FMD and flu virus has been done in past but control of disease in process of transportation of livestock and manures is still needed. The objective of this study was to predict a common pattern of livestock vehicles movement. The analysis were done on GPS data, collected from drivers of livestock vehicles in Jeju Island, South Korea in year 2012 and 2013. The GPS data include the coordinates of moving vehicles according to time and dates, livestock farms and manure keeping sites. 2012 year data was added to ArcGIS and different tools were used for predicting common vehicle moving pattern. The common pattern of year 2012 were determined and considered as predicted common pattern for year 2013. To compare with actual pattern of year 2013 the same analysis was done to find the difference in 2012 and 2013 pattern. When the manure keeping sites and livestock farms were same in both years, as a result common pattern of 2012 and 2013 were similar but difference were found in patterns when the manure keeping sites and livestock farms were changed. In future for more accurate results and to predict the accurate pattern of vehicles movement, more dependent and independent variables will be required to make a suitable model for prediction.

Influence of aeration rate and reactor shape on the composting of poultry manure and sawdust

Qasim, Waqas,Moon, Byeong Eun,Okyere, Frank Gyan,Khan, Fawad,Nafees, Mohammad,Kim, Hyeon Tae Informa UK (TaylorFrancis) 2019 Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association Vol.69 No.5

Effect of Forced Aeration Rates on Maturation of Composting Poultry Manure and Wood Shavings in Closed Reactor System

( Waqas Qasim ),( Byeong Eun Moon ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Fawad Khan ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Jin Yong Kim ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.1

The poultry industry is growing in South Korea, but there are problems associated with the management of poultry manure, and composting is one solution that could be valuable for crops and forage if managed properly. For achieving successful compost, aeration rate must be optimized to provide favorable condition for composting process. We investigate physicochemical properties i.e. Temperature, pH, EC, organic matter and seed germination index, in the composting of poultry manure with wood shavings under different aeration rates in closed reactor system. Three cylindrical reactors with total volume 60 L were used in this experiment. The aeration rates in 3 reactors were 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 L/min kg OM. All parameters were monitored over 30 days of composting. The highest temperature in each treatment was 56.9, 55.8 and 48.1 C for 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 L/min kg OM, respectively, appearing on the 3^rd day at center of compost. Aeration rate of 0.25 L/min kg OM corresponded to a higher and longer thermophilic phase than other two reactors which had aeration rate of 0.50 and 0.75 L/min kg OM. The maximum organic matter degradation accrued with 0.25 L/min kg OM of aeration rate which provided adequate oxygen concentration for microorganisms. With 0.75 L/min kg OM of aeration rate lowest GI were recorded at day 30, suggesting severe phytotoxicity in the substrate. In all 3 reactors, aeration rate of 0.25 L/min kg OM provided most favorable condition for composting poultry manure with wood shavings in closed reactor system.

Predicting Common Patterns of Livestock-Vehicle Movement Using GPS and GIS: A Case Study on Jeju Island, South Korea

Qasim, Waqas,Cho, Jea Min,Moon, Byeong Eun,Basak, Jayanta Kumar,Kahn, Fawad,Okyere, Frank Gyan,Yoon, Yong Cheol,Kim, Hyeon Tae Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery 2018 바이오시스템공학 Vol.43 No.3

Purpose: Although previous studies have performed on-farm evaluations for the control of airborne diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and influenza, disease control during the process of livestock and manure transportation has not been investigated thoroughly. The objective of this study is to predict common patterns of livestock-vehicle movement. Methods: Global positioning system (GPS) data collected during 2012 and 2013 from livestock vehicles on Jeju Island, South Korea, were analyzed. The GPS data included the coordinates of moving vehicles according to the time and date as well as the locations of livestock farms and manure-keeping sites. Data from 2012 were added to Esri software ArcGIS 10.1 and two approaches were adopted for predicting common vehicle-movement patterns, i.e., point-density and Euclidean-distance tools. To compare the predicted patterns with actual patterns for 2013, the same analysis was performed on the actual data. Results: When the manure-keeping sites and livestock farms were the same in both years, the common patterns of 2012 and 2013 were similar; however, differences arose in the patterns when these sites were changed. By using the point-density tool and Euclidean-distance tool, the average similarity between the predicted and actual common patterns for the three vehicles was 80% and 72%, respectively. Conclusions: From this analysis, we can determine common patterns of livestock vehicles using previous year's data. In the future, to obtain more accurate results and to devise a model for predicting patterns of vehicle movement, more dependent and independent variables will be considered.

Influence of Aeration Rate and Reactor Shape on Composting Poultry Manure and Sawdust

( Waqas Qasim ),( Min Ho Lee ),( Byeong Eun Moon ),( Jae Min Jo ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2017 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.2

We investigated various physicochemical properties, i.e., temperature, ammonia and carbon dioxide concentration, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), C/N ratio, organic matter content, moisture content, bacterial population, and seed germination index (GI), during the composting of poultry manure and sawdust for different aeration rates and reactor shapes. Three cylindrical-shaped and three rectangular-shaped laboratory-scale 60-L composting reactors were used in this study, with aeration rates of 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 L min^-1kg^-1 (drymatter)DM. Results showed that the low aeration rate (0.3 L min^-1kg^-1DM) corresponded to a higher and longer thermophilic phase than did the high aeration rate (0.9 L min^-1kg^-1DM). Ammonia and carbon dioxide volatilization were directly related to the temperature profile of the substrate, with significant differences between the low and high aeration rates during weeks 2 and 3 of composting but no significant difference observed during week 1. At the end of our study, the final values of pH, EC, moisture content, C/N ratio, and organic matter in all compost reactors were lower than those at the start. The growth of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria was directly related to the thermophilic and mesophilic condition of the compost. The final GI of the cylindrical reactor with an airflow rate of 0.3 L min^-1kg^-1DM was 82.3%, whereas the GIs of the other compost reactors were below 80%. In this study, compost of a cylindrical reactor with a low aeration rate (0.3 L min^-1kg^-1DM) was more stable and mature than the other reactors.

Mechanical Strength Analysis of Biodegradable Pots While Growing Cherry Tomato Plant in a Controlled Greenhouse

( Elanchezhian Arulmozhi ),( Qasim Waqas ),( Fawad Khan ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Jihoon Park ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Yong Jin Lee ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2

In this decades we are using biodegradable pots for growing plants. Sometimes those pots create damaged in plant’s root due to environmental condition. It show unsuitable mechanical performances in the process of transplanting. The main objective of this study was to estimate the strength of biodegradable organic pots in the process of growing plants in controlled greenhouse. In this experiment, 100 bio-degradable paper pulp trays were used. Pots filled with commercial compost but 50 has cherry tomato plant seed whereas 50 has no seed. In the greenhouse “20-30” degree C temperature maintained which is the recommended for growing cherry tomato plant plants and water spray were supplied 5 min/day. We did analysis on weekly basis by taking 9 samples from each tray and checked the strength of biodegradable pots after removing the compost and plant. EZ 20 material testing machine was used for tension and compression test of individual pots and also for sides of each pot by cutting (3×2 mm) rectangular shape. The initial average maximum tension load (mean±SD) of pots was 70.06±2.5 N in 3.11 sec and average maximum compression load of pots was 77.4±1.5 N in 13.39 sec. For sides of pots, the initial average maximum tension load was 196.1±2.0 N in 4.47 sec and average maximum compression load was 58.1±1.0 N in 3.6 sec. From these result we can found water content and long roots of cherry tomato plant can have a significant effect on biodegradable pots. By this results we concluded that the water content and roots elongation have a significant effect on biodegradable organic pots so there is need to improve materials of biodegradable pots while using in transplanting machine.

Influence of CO₂ Separation Membrane Module on Removal of Harmful Pathogens from Greenhouse

( Fawad Khan ),( Waqas Qasim ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2019 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.24 No.1

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of CO₂ separation membrane modules on removal of harmful pathogens in greenhouse. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse of Gyeongsang National University (3W × 4L × 2.5H) m. Total 4 experiments were carried out during this study, experiment 1 was conducted without pathogens without membrane module, experiment 2 was conducted without pathogens with membrane module, experiment 3 was conducted with pathogens without membrane module and experiment 4 was conducted with pathogens with membrane module. Every experiment was performed according to the collection time of air for 1 min, 3 min and 5 min. Harmful pathogen Phoma sp were used in experiment because it causes spot blotch on plant leaves. Phoma sp were spread outside greenhouse and air was sucked by air pump and supplied to the greenhouse via with and without CO₂ separation membrane module. The presence of Phoma sp in greenhouse was captured by the air sampler. PDA medium were used in air sampler and incubated for 48 hours at 25°C and 50% in a thermo-hygrostat. Phoma sp cultured in PDA medium were counted by digital colony counter. As a result, CFU of Phoma sp in were significantly lower when CO₂ separation Membrane Modules were not used. By using membrane module average reduction were 62% in presence of phoma sp and 29% in absence of phoma sp. Therefore it was concluded that application of membrane module to facility agriculture is not only effective for CO₂ separation supply but also for crop disease prevention in the facility.

Thermal Increment in Window Less Livestock Barn Using Radiant Heating Lamps on Photovoltaic Panels

( Fawad Khan ),( Qasim Waqas ),( Jayanta Kumar Basak ),( Frank Gyan Okyere ),( Jihoon Park ),( Elanchezhian ),( Yongjin ),( Hyeon Tae Kim ) 한국농업기계학회 2018 한국농업기계학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2

The location of livestock barn Gyeongsang National University having latitude 35° 9' 6.14"N, longitude 128° 5' 44.40" E. The dimension was 3.3m wide, 5.4m length by 2.9m height and material was used galvanized steel and polystyrene material. For the indoor temperature collection 27 air location was selected and K-type thermocouples and Graphtec Midi logger (GL-820) device were used. Also, two PTΏ100 sensors attached to the MOACON Control system for the comparison of temperature with K-type of thermocouples. Photovoltaic panels were fixed on the south roof of livestock barn and attach to radiant heating lamps. The numbers of 4 pig models were used and two incandescent bulbs (60 watts) were fixed to keep the pig body temperature 38-39°C. The weather data was recorded by installing the Campbell Scientific, Inc. near livestock barn. The influence on indoor air temperature with pig and without pig was 1.3°C while with solar the temperature increase up to 2.5°C. The correlation analysis showed the positive relationship and R²= 0.87 with pig while with the solar panel the R²= 0.89. Finally, it was confirmed that using photovoltaic panels for livestock barn which can enhance the indoor temperature and achieve comfortably.