한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

화학적 요부 교감신경절 차단에서 한 분절 차단과 두 분절 차단의 비교

김종일,이규종,이상곤,민병우,반종석,문철준 대한마취과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.41 No.4

Chemical Lumbar Sympathetic Block: Comparison of One- Versus Two-needle Techniques Chul-Jun Mun, M.D., Kyu-Jong Lee, M.D., Sang-Gon Lee, M.D., Jong-Il Kim, M.D.^* Jong-Suk Ban, M.D., and Byung-Woo Min, M.D. Department of Anesthesiology, Fatima Hospital, Daegu, Korea ^*Kim Jong Il Pain Clinic, Daegu, Korea Background: It was frequently noticed in the course of performing a two-needle sympathectomy, that satisfactory spread of contrast solution could be produced by injection through only one of the needles. This led to a closer examination of the merits of single-needle technique. Methods: Forty patients were randomized into two groups. Patients in the single-needle group (n = 20) were injected at the second or third lumbar sympathetic ganglia, while patients in the two-needle group (n = 20) were injected at the second and thired lumbar sympathetic ganglia. Lumbar sympathetic blocks were performed using 3 ml of alcohol and the spread of injectate was verified with C-arm fluoroscopy. The indicators of a successful sympathetic block are increasing skin temperature, decreasing pain, and anhidrosis in the distal extremity. Results: The duration of anhidrosis was 12.2 ?? 2.6 months (mean ?? SD) in the single-needle group versus 13.6 ?? 3.6 months (mean << SD) in the two-needle group. Conclusions: As these results were not significantly different from those obtained in patients having considered to be effective for a neurolytic ;i,bar sympathectomy. (korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 439~443)

유도 '되치기 본'의 개선 방안에 관한 연구

김의환,김도준,김규수,김관현,김종달,최종삼,조용철,박순진,윤익선,안병근,정 훈,김미정,한성철 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 1999 武道硏究所誌 Vol.10 No.1

The purpose of this study was to reform practically a Korean Judo's Doechigi-Bon(Forms of Counterattack, judo's Gaeshi no Kata, Judo's Uradori no Kata, Judo's Gonosen no Kata) that was established in 1955 Korea, according to changing of techniques by Judo's modernization, in order to have Judo's carefulness and systematic diffusion. Reform procedure of Judo's Doechigi-Bon was 1st stage, Questionnaire survey 303 judokas, 2nd stage, Technical seminar by judo experts(12 judo professor) 4 times, 3rd stage, wording report for reform, 4rd stage, Discussion and judgement of Teaching and Judgement commission of Korean judo Association(KJA), 5th stage, Public hearing for reform in KJA, 6th stage, Report and decision of board of directors in KJA, 7th stage, public publication of Judo News(No.53) in KJA. Basic principle of reform of Judo's Doechigi-Bon were as table 1. Table 1. Basic principle of reform of Judo's Doechigi-Bon ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Items Reformed Key Points of Judo's Doechigi-Bon ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Structure 1) Grand classification : Classified by 3 parts(1,2,3Gyo) 2)Medium classification : Te waza, Goshi waza, Ashi waza devided per each part(Gyo) 3)Sub-classification : Classified five techniques per each part(Gyo) 2. Contents 1) Selected established techniques as possible 2) Considered rationalty and overlapping of counterattack techniques 3. Decision of Conterattack techniques 1) Refered to results of Basic Questionnaire survey 2) Priority to decisions of Judo expert technical seminar -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Reformed Korean Judo's Doechigi-Bon(Forms of Counterattack techniques-KJA, 1999) are as follows: 1. Gyo; ① Uki otoshi -> Uchi mata ② Harai goshi -> Harai goshi gaeshi ③ O soto gari -> O soto gake ④ Ko uchi gari -> Sasae tsurikomi ashi ⑤ O uchi gari -> Ko soto gari 2. Gyo; ① Ippon seoi nage -> Okuri eri jime ② Tsuri domi goshi -> Uki waza ③ Okuri ashi harai -> Okuri ashi harai ④ Ko soto gari -> Tai otoshi ⑤ Hiza guruma -> Hiza guruma 3. Gyo; ① Kata guruma -> Sumi gaeshi ② Tai otoshi -> Ko soto gari ③ Hane goshi -> Harai tsurikomi ashi ④ Uchi mata -> Tai otoshi ⑤ Tomoe nage -> O uchi gari

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

비만 여성을 대상으로 한 해조류 추출물의 국부처치와 운동 병행을 통한 지방분해 효과의 임상적 검정

서태수,이인숙,변재철,김규호,박승한,김유영,김상국,김현정,김상기,신동철,성미영,박종석,김종기,박언휘 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.3

This study was carried out to test the body fat breakdown during topical seaweed extract treatment and in combination with the aerobic exercise. Of 20 female obesity subjects, ten treated a cream types of seaweed extract(control group) and ten treated a placebo cream(placebo group). Topical treatment of each sample was designed for 4 weeks, and treated with 2 times a day about 10ml on the abdomen and the thigh, respectively. All subjects were participated aerobic dance half hour a day and four times a week. After 4 weeks of topical treatment and exercise, they were measured body fat, skinfold thickness, body circumference. Then venous blood samples were taken and analyzed blood cells, serum enzymes, and serum lipids. There were reduction of body weight, % of body fat, antebrachium, brachium, chest, waist, thigh circumference and abdomen thickness between pre and post treatment in both group. Especially, body weight and % of body fat significantly reduced in the subjects treating the seaweed extract than those treating the placebo. There were significant decrement in total cholesterol and LDL whereas increment in HDL and TBIL in the control group, but no significant difference in the placebo group. In conclusion, there were 7.6% of body fat reduction during 4 weeks of aerobic exercise and 21% of body fat reducement in combination of topical seaweed treatment and exercise, respectively. These results suggest that the topical treatment of seaweed extract should be very effective for fat breakdown. Especially, the body fat breakdown maximized in the combination with the topical seaweed extracts treatment and the aerobic exercise.

의무고용제도 재설계 방안

김종진,장창엽,유완식,김언아,이정주,류정진,강필수,최종철,남용현,김윤삼 한국장애인고용촉진공단 고용개발원 2008 연구개발 Vol.- No.2

현행 우리나라 의무고용제도는 장애인구의 급격한 증가, 장애인차별금지 및 권리구제 등에 관한 법률의 도입 등 외부환경변화에 신축적으로 대처하지 못하고, 경증장애인 중심으로 의무고용제도가 운영됨으로써 중증장애인의 고용배제가 우려되고 있다. 본 보고서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 의무고용제도의 일자리 확대와 고용증가를 통해 중증장애인의 고용기회를 확대할 수 있는 정책방안을 제시하기 위한 것이다. 본 보고서는 (1)의무고용 사업체의 의무고용 산정인원에서 자립장애인 제외 (2)현행 2% 의무고용률을 3%로 상향 조정 (3)사업체가 고용하는 중증장애인에 대한 더블카운트(2배) 가산제도 도입 (4)의무고용률 미달 사업주에 대한 부담금 차등징수의 4가지 정책방안, 제도 합리화 차원에서 장려금 지급방식의 개선과 사업주의 장애인에 대한 인식개선 방안을 제시하였다. 정책방안에 대한 영향분석 결과 의무고용 적용대상자에서 비장애인과 고용상 차별되지 않는 자립장애인(6등급)을 의무고용 산정인원에서 제외하는 경우 의무고용 사업체의 고용인원은 23,296명이 감소해 고용률은 1.35%에서 0.88%로 감소하였고, 의무고용 사업체의 장애인 일자리 수는 미고용인원의 증가로 15,152개가 증가하였다. 그리고 기금은 부담금이 631억원 증가하고, 장려금이 352억원 감소해 983억원의 수지개선 효과가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 의무고용 사업주의 의무고용률 3% 인상 방안은 의무고용률 상향 조정에 따른 미고용인원의 증가로 장애인의 일자리 수는 43,101개가 증가하고, 기금은 부담금이 1,709억원 증가하는 반면, 장려금은 293억원이 감소해 2,002억원의 수지개선 효과가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 의무고용 사업주가 고용하는 중증장애인을 2인으로 더블카운트 하는 중증장애인 가산제도의 도입은 의무고용 사업체의 장애인근로자가 67,261명에서 79,685명(1,2등급만 포함시 75,685명)으로 증가하여 고용률은 1.35%에서 1.60%(1.2등급만 포함시 1.52%)로 증가하고, 의무고용률 미달 사업체의 미고용 인원이 감소하여 2,745개의 일자리가 감소하였다. 그리고 기금은 부담금이 118억원 감소하는 반면, 장려금은 418억원이 증가해 536억원의 수지악화가 발생하는 것으로 나타났다. 의무고용률 미달 사업체의 고용유인을 위해 고용률 1.0%미만, 1.0-1.5%, 1.6-2.0% 미만에 대해 각각 20%, 10%, 5%의 할증률을 순차적으로 가중하여 부과하는 부담금 차등징수 방안(3차년까지의 효과임)은 1.0% 미만 사업주는 86만원, 1.0-1.5% 사업주는 64만원, 1.6-2.0% 미만 사업주는 58만원의 부담기초액을 부과할 때 고용률은 1.35%에서 1.53%로 증가(1.6-2.0% 미만 사업주는 의무고용률 2%를 달성)하고, 미고용인원의 감소로 장애인의 일자리는 8,836개가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 기금은 부담금이 58억원 감소하여 수지는 악화되었다. 이상의 네 가지 방안은 모두 장애인의 고용증대를 가져온다는 측면에서는 유효하지만, 장애인의 일자리 확대를 통한 중증장애인의 고용을 증대한다는 정책목표를 달성하는 데에는 한계점을 안고 있기 때문에 어느 한 정책만을 선택하기보다는 정책효과를 극대화하기 위해 정책결합(policy mix)을 이용하는 것이 바람직함을 제시해주었다. 즉, 의무고용 적용대상자 조정방안/의무고용률 상향조정 방안과 중증장애인 가산제도/부담금 차등징수 방안을 조합 또는 모두 동시에 선택하는 경우 의무고용 사업체의 장애인 일자리 수의 확대와 중증장애인 고용을 동시에 달성하고, 기금의 수지균형도 달성 가능한 것으로 나타났다. The mandatory employment quota system of Korea does not reflect the changing external factors such as the growing population of people with disabilities(PWDs) and the enactment of the Anti-discrimination Law for People with Disabilities. The current employment quota system focuses on people with mild disabilities thus excluding people with severe disabilities from employment. The purpose of this report is to propose a plan in order to increase employment opportunity for the severely disabled through the reform of the employment quota system. This report analyzes the following : (1) exclude grade 6 disability from mandatory employment quota (2) raise the employment quota from 2% to 3% (3) implement the double counting for employers that employ the severely disabled (4) differentiate the amount of levy collected from corporations that are unable to meet the quota. The aforementioned plans are useful in that they increase employment for people with disabilities. However, there are limitation to reaching the policy objectives by increasing jobs for people with severe disabilities. Therefore, to maximize the effects we should consider policy mix of these four policies. In other words, by mixing the policies of adjusting the employment quota target/raising the quota ratio and implementing the double count/differentiating the amount of levy, we can achieve the goal of increasing jobs for the severely disabled and maintain equilibrium between incomings and outcomings.

단기간의 저용량 Cytosine arabinoside 치료에 반응하였던 Down 증후군에 병발한 급성골수성백혈병 1례

김현수,이정호,이정찬,강정현,곽상혁,김철희,배광봉,김종숙,조덕연,김삼용 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

The incidence of hematologic disorders in patients with Down's syndrome is significantly increased, about 14∼30 - fold higher than in general population and includes neonatal transient abnormal myelopoieis and acute leukemias. The age of onset of leukemia in Down's syndrome is peaking first in the newborn period and then under 4 years of age. Down's syndrome with acute leukemia above the age of 20 is very rare and it's treatment oucome is unclear. The treatment of Down's syndrome with leukemia has been controversial because of toxicity and associated congenital cardiac and other abnormalities. But if treated adequately, children with Down's syndrome show a favorable response to anti-leukemia therapy. A 24-year-old man with Down's syndrome was first seen for the evaluation of anemia and thrombocytopenia. The peripheral blood morphology and bone marrow study revealed acute myelogenous leukemia, cytogenetic study of bone marrow showed trisomy 21. Beacuse of his sicioeconomic condition and medical abnormalities including deafness, visual loss, he was treated with low dose subcutaneous cytosine arabinoside(Ara-C) for 11 days. Complete remission was obtained after 37 days. The complete remission lasted for 5 months. He subsequently relapsed, and died 6 months later.

NDRG2 is one of novel intrinsic factors for regulation of lL-10 production in human myeloid cell

최승철,김광동,김종태,오상석,윤선영,송은영,이희구,조영경,최인표,임종석,김재화 Sookmyung Women's University Research Institute of 2010 여성과 건강 Vol.6 No.1

냉동 제대혈 세포의 체외 증폭

김삼용,김철희,배광봉,김현수,박상준,김종숙,윤환중,조덕연 충남대학교 암연구소 1998 癌共同硏究所 硏究誌 Vol.2 No.1

Background : Cord blood(CB), which has no HLA restriction, is an alternative to bone marrow for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The use of cord blood, however, is limited by the number of progenitor/stem cells necessary to reconstitute the older child or adult. Therefore, ex vivo expansion of CB could have tremendous impact on diverse clinical settings. We studied the ex vivo expansion of isolated population of CD34_(+) cells from cryopreserved CB cells. Methods : CD34 cells were isolated from cryopreserved CB mononuclear cells. Purified cells were cultured with various combinations of hematopoietic growth factors including erythropoietin(EPO), stem cell factor(SCF), granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor(G-CSF), gra-nulocyte, macrophage-colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), 1L-3, and IL-6. After 7, 10 or 14 days of culture, the fold increases of colony-forming unit- granu-locyte, macrophage(CFU-GM), burst-forming unit-erythroid(BFU-E), colony-forming unit-mix (CFU-Mix), and high proliferative potential colony-forming cell(HPP-CFC) were evaluated. Results : Ten-day culture with the combination of EPO, SCF, G-CSF, IL-1β, and IL-3 resulted in a median of 60-fold increase of CFU-GM, which was greater than those with the combinations of less than 5 growth factors. The addition of IL-6 or GM-CSF to this combination did not enhance CFU-GM expansion. Ten-day culture was significantly superior to 7-day culture for CFU-GM expansion. Prolongation of culture to 14 days, however, revealed decreased expansion of CFU-GM compared to 10 days. BFU-E and CFU-Mix were expanded to 2~5 folds in 7-day culture with the combination of EPO, SCF, and G-CSF. Further expansion was not achieved in 10-day culture and colonies disappeared in 14-day culture. HPP-CFC was expanded to a median of 7.5 folds in 7-day culture with the combination of EPO, SCF, G-CSF, IL-1β, IL-3, and IL-6. Neither 10-day or 14 day-culture enhanced expansion of HPP-CFU. Conclusion : Cryopreserved cord blood cells maintain ex vivo expansion potential. In our system, 10-day culture with the combination consisting of EPO, SCF, G-CSF, IL-1β, and IL-3 seems to be adequate for hematopoietic progenitor/stem cell expansion from cryopreserved cord blood cells.

간 세포암에서 VEGF, TGF-β1, b-FGF 발현의 의의

김성용,남충현,주종우,채만규,백무준,이문수,김형철,안현철,김홍수,김창진,김창호 순천향의학연구소 2001 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.7 No.1

Purpose: Angiogenesis is important for the proliferation and the metastasis of solid tumors. The growth of a solid tumor is widely recognized to depend on the process of neovascularrozation. Without angiogenesis, tumors cease to grow beyond even a few milimeters in diameter. It has been shown that tumor vascular density is an independent prognostic marker in several types of human tumors and is known to correlate with poor prognosis. To date, many angiogenic factors have been identified, such as transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α), transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), fibroblast growth factor family(FGF), vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor(PD-ECGF), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), and angiogenin. Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the second most common tumor in Korean males and is known as a typical hypervascular tumor with frequent portal vein invastion. The authors identified the expreesion of VEGF, TGF-β1, and b-FGF in HCC specimens and evaluated the relationship between these growth factors and the clinicopathologic characteristics of HCC. Method: We reviewed the medical records of 30 patients who were diagnosed as hepatocellular carinoma treated with hepatic resection between January 1994 and December 1998 in Soonchunhyang University Chunan Hospital. The selection of the cases was decided according to the condition of paraffin block fixation. The prognostic factors such as age, sex, tumor size, concentration of serum α-fetoprotein, presence of liver cirrhosis, presence of tumor emboli in portal vein, TMN stage, amount of transfusion during the operation, hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection, and Edmonson-Steiner(E-S) grade were investigated. Relationship between the prognostic factors and the immunopathologic expression of the TGF-β1, b-FGF, and VEGF was examined. Result: Thirty patients (24 males, 6 females) were included in the current study. The patient's mean age was 50.6 years and the age ranged from 36 to 65 years. The mean size of the tumor was found to be 5.2cm. All the patients were follewed up for 7 to 63 months. Child's classification A patients were 23(76.7%)cases, B patients were 7(23.3%)cases, and C was none. Immunohistochemical staining of HCC tumor mass in VEGF expression patients were 17(56.7%), b-FGF expression patients were 10(33.3%), and TGF-β1 expression patients were 10(33.3%). VEGF expression or more than one positive expression among the three factors correlated with tumor size and the stage of HCC but did not correlated with other clinicopathological characteristics. TGF-β1 and b-FGF did not correlate with any clinicopathological characteristics. Conclusion: The results suggest that the expression of VEGF or more than one positive expression among the three factors in HCC cells may be a significant prognostic factor of HCC.