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韓國資本市場 國際化에 대한 小考 : -Korea Fund를 中心으로- -Focusing on the Korea Fund Inc-
金相基 同德女子大學校 1986 同大論叢 Vol.16 No.1
Ⅰ. Introduction By dint of the government's positive policy, Korean securities market has made remarkable progress since the end of 1968. However, there are many issues to be resolved in order ot sustain stable growth of the national economy. In short, it is imperative that equity financing be drastically increased in order to redress the problem of debt financing. On the other hand, as the need for an opendoor economic system is increasing, capital liberalization must be considered more seriously and should be accomplished in due manner. Ⅱ. Internationalization policy 1. General background. The key points the government eyed for in designing the internationalization plan were. (1) to avoid the foreign loans and bank loans on which the nation heaviliy relied up to present to lighten the foreign debt burden by diversifying capital sources. (2) to adapt effectively to the world-wide trend of the open economic system (3) to pursue the advancement and balanced developement of securities market 2. Four steps to internationalization The government set forth guidlines on capital liberalization in Jan. 1981, taking into account internal and external economic factors (1) 1st step(1981-1984): establishment of receptive capacity 1) increase of capital stock, training of personnel concerned, renovation of related system 2) issuance of beneficial certificates for foreigners by the domestic investment trust companies 3) establishment of the Korea Fund 4) establishment of firm relationship between securities institutions in Korea and abroad. (2) 2nd step(by around 1985): limited liberalization Allow limited direct investment in Korean securities by foreign investors. (3) 3rd step(by late 1980s): toward full-dress liberalization 1) allow no-limit investment in Korean securities by foreign investors. 2) permit korean securities to be listed on the overseas stock exchanges 3) permit limited securities business by securities firms in and abroad on the basis of reciprocity (4) 4th step(by early 1990s): no-limit liberalization 1) allow domestic investors to invest in foreign securities 2) permit foreign securities to be listed on the Korean stock exchange. 3) permit no-limit liberalization of sevurities business by securities firms home and abroad. Ⅲ. Korea Fund 1. Korea Fund is a corporate type investment trust, which is established (and issued) in foreign markets, and invests its assets in the korean securities (mainly in stocks) 2. Korea Fund is regulated by the law legislated by KSEC The degree of the regulation is somewhat strict as compared with that of Japan Fund and Mexico Fund. 3. The performance of Korea Fund during past year was not good. But the stock price of Korea Fund maintains high level reflecting foreign investors buying enthusiasm. Ⅳ. Conclusion Internationalization of securities market should be followed by the internationalization of trade and foreign exchange. But the present stage of Korean economy is not sufficient for those preceding conditions for internationalization of securities market. Considering the above, there will be little problem for 1st and 2nd step. But prudent attitude will be necessary from 3rd step in which no-limit investment in Korean securities by foreign investors will be allowed, for it is doubtful for Korean economy to achive continuous surplus in trade balance within two or three years.
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金祥基 慶北大學校 1977 論文集 Vol.24 No.-
It has already been six years since the nation-wide movement of rural development called Saemaul Undong or New Community Movement was launched in 1971. In the meantime, we all the Korean, almost everyday, have heard about an ideal slogan which was alternately indicated as Saemaul Undong or Saemaul Project or Saemaul Spirit throughout various communication channels. On the other hand, the movement as a development strategy to improve our rural economy traditionally stagnated has been attracting much attention to other countries overseas. However, it is frequently argued that, among people who have deeply involved in, there is no theoretical framework on the historical evolution process of the Saemaul Undong at hand. Therefore, this work was conducted (1) to inquire the historical ought-to-be and its evolutionary process of the movement, and(2) to evaluate some consequences of Saemaul projects in which we have achieved in the meanwhile. Some results of the study can be summarized as follows: 1. There existed significant disparity in income levels between the rural and urban sectors as a result of the First and Second Five year Economic Development Plans. Namely, average farm household income was about 60 percent of the urban wage eaners' household income in 1967 and 80 percent in 1970. 2. It seems clear that a substantial proportion of the potentially productive labor force in the rural sector was unemployed due to the lack of job opportunities in both rural and urban sectors in the early 1970s. There was, consequently, an estimation that the phenomenon would continue in near future unless new job opportunities created in the rural and/ or the urban sector are able to absorb the surplus labor forces existing in the rural area, especially during the off-season. 3. The Saemaeul Undong evolved from President Park's long cherished desire to transform the traditionally stagnated rural sector into modern, progressive and well-living communities. His sincere concern about the living conditions of the rural people and his strong commitment to modernization has led the Movement to be fruitful, and to be able to overcome the socioeconomic difficulties with which our rural society has long been faced. 4. As a result of Saemaul Undong, the relative position of farm income had been consistently improvng and since 1974 the money income of farm household overpassed that of urban wage earners'. 5. By the government source, it was known that total 133 thousands of rural villages, business firms and various schools had been involved in the Movement up to 1974, and total employment level of both rural and urban residents amounted to 215 million man-days.
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A Novel Trench Gate MOSFET with a Multiple-layered Gate Oxide for High-reliability Operation
김상기,가동하,나경일,양일석,Jin Gun Koo,김종대,이진호,박훈수 한국물리학회 2012 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.60 No.10
Gate dielectrics in trench structures for trench gate metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) power devices are very important to realize excellent characteristics. In this paper we describe multiple-layer gate dielectrics for trench gate MOSFETs with both thermal and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) gate oxides that exhibit excellent gate oxide properties and surface roughness. Through various trench etching experiments for better surface conditions in the trench, the optimum etching gas chemistry and etch conditions were found. The destruction of gate dielectric in trench gate MOSFET occurs at the top and the bottom trench corner edges. The structure of the gate electrode is pulled out with the polysilicon layer which is buried in the trench. Thus, high electric field operation is inevitable at the gate between source diffusion and the gate polysilicon. Moreover, the trench corner oxide suffers from the high electric field. We propose a multiple-gate dielectric structure of a thermal oxide and CVD oxide for highly reliable operation of the device. This enables trench surface smoothing and low thermal stress at the trench corners and provides the oxide thickness uniformity, giving superior device characteristics of high breakdown voltage and low leakage current. These improvements are caused by the excellent quality of the gate oxide and the good thickness uniformity that is formed at the inner trench with a specific geometrical factor.
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