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사회적 지지가 만성적 스트레스와 면역체계에 미치는 영향
고상백,박종구,차봉석,장세진,Koh, Sang-Baek,Park, Jong-Ku,Cha, Bong-Suk,Chang, Sei-Jin 대한예방의학회 2002 예방의학회지 Vol.35 No.4
Objectives : To examine whether cumulative chronic stress influences the immune status, and to verify the effect of social support on the relationship between these two dimensions in male manufacturing workers. Methods : A total of 39 workers were recruited for this study. A structured-questionnaire was used to assess general characteristics, job characteristics (work demand and decision latitude), psychosocial distress, and social support. The serum levels of CD4 and CD8 were measured as immune markers, and were collected between 8:00 and 10:00am in order to standardize the markers. Nonparametric statistics were used to estimate the differences between job characteristics and the immune markers. Results : General characteristics, and health-related behaviors, were not associated with CD4, CD8 or CD4/CD8. No relationships were found between job characteristics and the mean levels of immune reactivity. These results were consistent, even after controlling for social support. Social support failed to modify the relationship toward work demand, decision latitude or psychosocial distress to CD4, CD8, and CD4/CD8. Conclusion : Cumulative chronic life stress might not influence the immune status, and the effects of social support on the immune function under chronic stress, may not play a crucial role in modifying the relationships. This implication supports that the effect of stress on the immune function may be determined by the characteristics of that stress. further research should effectively considers the type, magnitude and timing of a stress event, and modifiable factors, such as personality traits, coping style, and hormone excretion levels, on the alteration of immune status.
고상백,남정모,최홍열,차봉석,박종구,지호성,김춘배,Koh, Sang-Baek,Nam, Chung-Mo,Choi, Hong-Ryul,Cha, Bong-Suk,Park, Jong-Ku,Jee, Ho-Sung,Kim, Chun-Bae 대한예방의학회 2001 예방의학회지 Vol.34 No.3
Objectives : To integrate the results of studies which assess an association between blood lead and blood pressure. Methods : We surveyed the existing literature using a MEDLINE search with blood lead and blood pressure as key words, including reports published from January 1980 to December 2000. The criteria for quality evaluation were as follows: 1) the study subjects must have been workers exposed to lead, and 2) both blood pressure and blood lead must have been measured and presented with sufficient details so as to estimate or calculate the size of the association as a continuous variable. Among the 129 articles retrieved, 13 studies were selected for quantitative meta-analysis. Before the integration of each regression coefficient for the association between blood pressure and blood lead, a homogeneity test was conducted. Results : As the homogeneity of studies was rejected in a fixed effect model, we used the results in a random effect model. Our quantitative meta-analysis yielded weighted regression coefficients of blood lead associated with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure results of 0.0047 (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.0061, 0.0155) and 0.0004 (95% CI: -0.0031, 0.0039), respectively. Conclusions : The published evidence suggested that there may be a weak positive association between blood lead and blood pressure, but the association is not significant.
고상백 한국역학회 2002 Epidemiology and Health Vol.24 No.2
Stress can induce modifications in the central nervous(CNS), autonomic nervous and neuroendocrine system. Thus, the stress response has long been measured in laboratory experiments by biochemical changes in the hormone systems that are referred to as the sympathetic nervous system(SNS) and pituitary-adrenocortical axes(HPA). These axes react to acute stress or chronic stress. The activation of these two particular pathways result in elevated serum levels of catecholamines, cortisol, ACTH, dopamine, and others hormones. But there is considerable debate about the relevance of traditional laboratory stress findings to real-life situation. The neurobiology of stress is a key step to the understanding of stress-induced changes of immune functions. The immune system operates in communication with brain and endocrine system. Because of this extensive communication, the immune system can influence how we feel and behave. The stress are associated with endocrine and autonomic changes that can inhibit immune system function. The concept of neurocardiology renders plausible the various theoretical constructs of stress as they relate to circulatory vascular disease. Detailed reviews of the anatomic connections between the brain and the heart and of experimental and clinical data on the role of the CNS in cardiac dysfunction can be found elsewhere. In this study, we reviewed that stress was associated with cardiovascular disease mortality through the known cardiovascular risk factors(hypertension, heart rate variability, homocycteine, and clotting system).
직장인들의 건강수준 평가를 위한 측정도구의 신뢰도와 타당도 분석
고상백,장세진,강명근,차봉석,박종구,Koh, Sang-Baek,Chang, Sei-Jin,Kang, Myung-Guen,Cha, Bong-Suk,Park, Jong-Ku 대한예방의학회 1997 예방의학회지 Vol.30 No.2
In order to test scaling assumption, and to assess the validity, reliability, and acceptability of the Short form 36(SF-36) health survey questionnaire, we conducted a survey. Samples were 296 workers who had been employed in small sized companies. All scale passed for item internal consistency(100% sucess rate) and item discriminant validity(100% success .ate). Reliability coefficients were ranged from the lowest 0.51 to the highest of 0.85. For 87.5% of the total workers, inconsistent responses were not observed. Only 3.0% of the total workers failed two or more checks. Factor analysis was performed using principal axis factor method and quartimax rotation. In this survey, the SF-36 retained available psychometric properties even when used in a generally healthy worker group. But further study with some consideration to develope health status measurement is expected : first, the definition of health status should be rationalized. Second, the measurement of outcome is an important consideration in evaluations of quality of care. But ambiguities hinder understanding of this important topic. Third, internal consistency should be interpreted with caution as an indication reliability because it ignores potentially important sources of variation that can occur over time.
흰쥐에서 N,N-dimethylformamide에 의한 간장의 Microsomal Cytochrome P450의 유도
고상백,차봉석,강성규,정효석,김기웅,Koh, Sang-Baek,Cha, Bong-Suk,Kang, Seung-Kyu,Joung, Hyo-Seok,Kim, Ki-Woong 대한예방의학회 1999 Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health Vol.32 No.1
이 연구는 DMF에 의한 간독성 기전을 알아보기 위하여, 대사과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는 이물질 대사효소와 그와 관련된 효소가 어떠한 변화를 보이는가를 알아보았다. 이 연구에 사용된 동물은 Sprague Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐로 DMF를 체중 kg당 0(Control), 450 (D1), 900 (D2), 1,800 (D3) mg을 1일 l회씩 3일간 연속하여 복강주사하였다. 마지막 투여 후 24시간 후에 실험동물로부터 간장의 microsome을 분리하였고, P450 동위효소의 유도와 P450의존성 촉매 효소의 활성도 변화를 관찰하였다. 연구결과, DMF를 투여한 실험군이 대조군보다 microsomal 단백질 함량이 통계학적으로 유의하지는 않았지만 낮은 수치를 보였다. P450과 b5 함량 역시 대조군과 투여군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 대사과정에서 어떠한 전자전달계가 주로 관여하는지를 알아보았는데, NADPH-P450 reductase의 경우 대조군보다 투여군이 투여용량이 증가함에 따라 활성도가 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.01). NADH-b5 reductase의 활성도 의 경우는 대조군보다 투여군이 감소하여(p<0.01), 전자전달이 주로 NADPHP-450 reductase에 의해 이루어지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 활성도 측정에서는 EROD 와 PROD 활성도는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았으나 pNPH 활성도는 처리군에서 현저한 증가가 관찰되었다(p<0.01). 또한 P4501A1/2, P4502B1/2 및 P4502E1에 대한 단세포군 항제를 이용한 Western immunoblot 분석에서 P4502E1 단백질 의 양이 현저하게 증가하였다. 이 상의 결과를 보면, DMF에 의해서 P4502E1 형태의 동위효소가 유도되며, 유도된 P4502E1 동위효소가 DMF의 대사에 관여하는 것으로 보인다. Objectives. In order to gain a better understanding of the mechanism of DMF toxicity, recent studies have focused on hepatic drug metabolizing enzymes. In this study, we investigated the effects of DMF on the induction of P450 and the activities of other related enzymes in rat liver microsomes. Methods. DMF was administered to male Sprague Daweley rats by intraperitoneal injection at 0(control), 450(D1), 900(D2), 1,800(D3) mg DMF/kg body weight in olive oil once a day for three days. Hepatic P450 was measured by method of Omura and Sato. We evaluated selective assays for the three drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 isoenzymes 1A1, 2B1 and 2E1. Results. The content of microsomal protein, P450 and b5 were tended to be decreased in DMF treated group, but they were not statistically significant. The activity of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase was significantly increased dose dependently(p<0.01), but the activity of NADH-b5 reductase was decreased in the treated group(p<0.01). The activities of PROD and EROD were not significant between control and treated group. The activities of pNPH in the DMF treated groups were higher than that of the control group(p<0.01). When Western immunoblottings were carried out utilizing three monoclonal antibodies which were specific against P4501A1/1, P4502B1/2 and P4502E1, the strong density band corresponding to P4502E1 was observed with the microsomes obtained from the rats treated with DMF. But there were no significant increased in the P4501A1/2 and P4502B1/2 band densities in immunoblotting. Conclusions. These result suggested that P4502E1 was inducible by DMF and P4502E1 isozyme might be responsible for the hydroxylation of DMF to HMMF.
고상백,김장영,윤정한,유병수,이승환,박종구,최경훈 연세대학교의과대학 2011 Yonsei medical journal Vol.52 No.2
Purpose: Growing evidence suggests that hypoadiponectinemia may play a significant role in the development of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Therefore, the relationships between serum adiponectin with MetS and components of MetS were investigated in non-diabetic samples of drawn from the Koreans general population. Materials and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study in samples of older Koreans (age > 40 years) including 2,471 men and 3,463 women. MetS was defined according to the Asian modified criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III report. Serum adiponectin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay. Results: The median adiponectin level in MetS was significantly lower than that in non-MetS subjects in men (6.00 vs. 8.00 μg/mL, p < 0.001) and women (10.12 vs. 11.74 μg/mL, p < 0.001). Adiponectin concentration was negatively correlated with waist circumference and levels of triglyceride, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose, and insulin, and positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein and age in both genders (p < 0.001). In a multivariate regression model after adjustment for age, body mass index,smoking, CRP, and lipid profiles, the odds ratio of MetS comparing extreme quartiles of adiponectin distribution was 0.32 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.20 to 0.50] in men and 0.57 (95% CI, 0.43 to 0.76) in women. Conclusion: Adiponectin levels are independently associated with the phenotype of MetS, as well as components of MetS in the non-diabetic Korean general population.