정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Gintonin facilitates catecholamine secretion from the perfused adrenal medulla

Seung-Yeol Na,Ki-Hwan Kim,Mi-Sung Choi,Kang-Su Ha,Dong-Yoon Lim 대한생리학회-대한약리학회 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.6

The present study was designed to investigate the characteristics of gintonin, one of components isolated from Korean Ginseng on secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the isolated perfused model of rat adrenal gland and to clarify its mechanism of action. Gintonin (1 to 30 μg/ml), perfused into an adrenal vein, markedly increased the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. The gintonin-evoked CA secretion was greatly inhibited in the presence of chlorisondamine (1 μM, an autonomic ganglionic bloker), pirenzepine (2 μM, a muscarinic M₁ receptor antagonist), Ki14625 (10 μM, an LPA_1/3 receptor antagonist), amiloride (1 mM, an inhibitor of Na⁺/Ca²⁺ exchanger), a nicardipine (1 μM, a voltage-dependent Ca²⁺ channel blocker), TMB-8 (1 μM, an intracellular Ca²⁺antagonist), and perfusion of Ca²⁺-free Krebs solution with 5mM EGTA (a Ca²⁺chelater), while was not affected by sodium nitroprusside (100 μM, a nitrosovasodialtor). Interestingly, LPA (0.3~3 μM, an LPA receptor agonist) also dose-dependently enhanced the CA secretion from the adrenal medulla, but this facilitatory effect of LPA was greatly inhibited in the presence of Ki 14625 (10 μM). Moreover, acetylcholine (AC)-evoked CA secretion was greatly potentiated during the perfusion of gintonin (3 μg/ml). Taken together, these results demonstrate the first evidence that gintonin increases the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. This facilitatory effect of gintonin seems to be associated with activation of LPA- and cholinergic-receptors, which are relevant to the cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ increase by stimulation of the Ca²⁺ influx as well as by the inhibition of Ca²⁺ uptake into the cytoplasmic Ca²⁺ stores, without the increased nitric oxide (NO). Based on these results, it is thought that gintonin, one of ginseng components, can elevate the CA secretion from adrenal medulla by regulating the Ca²⁺ mobilization for exocytosis, suggesting facilitation of cardiovascular system. Also, these findings show that gintonin might be at least one of ginseng-induced hypertensive components.

Gintonin facilitates catecholamine secretion from the perfused adrenal medulla

Na, Seung-Yeol,Kim, Ki-Hwan,Choi, Mi-Sung,Ha, Kang-Su,Lim, Dong-Yoon The Korean Society of Pharmacology 2016 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.20 No.6

The present study was designed to investigate the characteristics of gintonin, one of components isolated from Korean Ginseng on secretion of catecholamines (CA) from the isolated perfused model of rat adrenal gland and to clarify its mechanism of action. Gintonin (1 to $30{\mu}g/ml$), perfused into an adrenal vein, markedly increased the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. The gintonin-evoked CA secretion was greatly inhibited in the presence of chlorisondamine ($1{\mu}M$, an autonomic ganglionic bloker), pirenzepine ($2{\mu}M$, a muscarinic $M_1$ receptor antagonist), Ki14625 ($10{\mu}M$, an $LPA_{1/3}$ receptor antagonist), amiloride (1 mM, an inhibitor of $Na^+/Ca^{2+}$ exchanger), a nicardipine ($1{\mu}M$, a voltage-dependent $Ca^{2+}$ channel blocker), TMB-8 ($1{\mu}M$, an intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ antagonist), and perfusion of $Ca^{2+}$-free Krebs solution with 5mM EGTA (a $Ca^{2+}$chelater), while was not affected by sodium nitroprusside ($100{\mu}M$, a nitrosovasodialtor). Interestingly, LPA ($0.3{\sim}3{\mu}M$, an LPA receptor agonist) also dose-dependently enhanced the CA secretion from the adrenal medulla, but this facilitatory effect of LPA was greatly inhibited in the presence of Ki 14625 ($10{\mu}M$). Moreover, acetylcholine (AC)-evoked CA secretion was greatly potentiated during the perfusion of gintonin ($3{\mu}g/ml$). Taken together, these results demonstrate the first evidence that gintonin increases the CA secretion from the perfused rat adrenal medulla in a dose-dependent fashion. This facilitatory effect of gintonin seems to be associated with activation of LPA- and cholinergic-receptors, which are relevant to the cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$ increase by stimulation of the $Ca^{2+}$ influx as well as by the inhibition of $Ca^{2+}$ uptake into the cytoplasmic $Ca^{2+}$ stores, without the increased nitric oxide (NO). Based on these results, it is thought that gintonin, one of ginseng components, can elevate the CA secretion from adrenal medulla by regulating the $Ca^{2+}$ mobilization for exocytosis, suggesting facilitation of cardiovascular system. Also, these findings show that gintonin might be at least one of ginseng-induced hypertensive components.

응력확대계수와 음향방출 변수를 이용한 피로균열 거동 연구

윤동진,정중채,박휘립,김기복,이승석 한국비파괴검사학회 2000 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.20 No.5

응력확대계수와 음향방출 발생 관계를 이용해 균열 길이 및 균열 검출 능력을 평가할 수 있는 새로운 접근 방법을 파괴역학적인 관점에서 제시하였다. 이를 위해 강 교량 부재인 SWS 490B 강의 피로 균열 활동도를 음향방출시험을 통해 관찰하였다. 표준 CT 시편에 대한 피로균열 진전 시 AE 특성을 관찰하는 실험을 진행하였으며, 기존의 AE 파라미터 분석은 물론 응력확대계수와 AE 발생거동 사이의 관계를 논의하였다. CT 시편 실험 결과에서 균열 성장 길이, AE 최대진폭, AE 에너지, AE hit 발생율 등과 같은 특정 변수들은 응력확대계수 값이 증가함에 따라 이들값도 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한 피로사이클 수에 따른 AE 에너지의 변화는 균열진전에 대한 활동성을 평가하는데 사용되는 효과적인 변수중의 하나임을 보여 주었으며, AE 에너지 분석은 균열 활동도와 AE 변수 사이의 관계를 평가하는데 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. By using the relation between stress intensity factor and AE parameter, new approach method for assessing the crack length and detectability of crack was proposed. Laboratory experiment was carried out to identify AE characteristics of fatigue cracks for compact tension specimen. The relationship between a stress intensity factor and AE signals activity as well as conventional AE parameter analysis was discussed. As a result, the features of specific parameters such as the length of crack growth, the AE energy, the AE peak amplitude, and the cumulative AE hits, showed the almost same trend in their increase as the number of fatigue cycle increased. From the comparisons of peak amplitude and AE energy with stress intensity factor, it was verified that the higher stress intensity factors generated AE signals with higher peak amplitude and a larger number of AE counts. If we can get more reliable database for the relation between AE parameters and stress intensity factor, this approach will provide a good information for evaluating both the existence of crack and the minimum detectable size of crack.

Methylmethacrylate Monomer가 심근수축 및 산-염기 평형에 미치는 영향

尹寬基,尹承鎬 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1985 충남의대잡지 Vol.12 No.1

Many studies have been conducted on the toxicity of methylmethacrylate monomer. Methylmethacrylate monomer has been known to cause physiological and histological changes in various organ systems. Particularly well-known are its effect on the vascular system and blood pressure. However, pharmacological effect of the monomer on the cardiac muscle, especially its direct action on the contractility and excitability, and on acid-base balance has not been clarified. In the present study, pharmacological effect of the monomer on the cardiac function was investigated through the measurement of contraction forces, maximal dT/dt and latency with Physiograph and its accessories in the turtle heart perfused with turtle Ringer solution containing the monomer liquid. Acid-base parameters, respiration, blood pressure and heart rate were measured with Physiograph in rabbits after intravenous injection and during continuous infusion of the monomer. Arterial blood was sampled in an anaerobic condition and analyzed with a blood gas analyzer. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The contraction forces, maximal contraction dT/dt, maximal relaxation dT/dt were reduced markedly by methylmethacrylate monomer. 2. The latency was prolonged remarkably by methylmethacrylate monomer. 3. The heart rate was reduced markedly by methylmethacrylate monomer. 4. The tidal volume of respiration was reduced but the respiratory rate was increased significantly by the intravenous injection of methylmethacrylate monomer. 5. The tidal volume of respiration was increased but the respiratory rate was not changed by the intravenous infusion of methylmethacrylate monomer. 6. The arterial pH, PO_2 and base deficit were increased but PCO_2 and bicarbonate concentration were decreased by both intravenous injection and infusion of methylmethacrylate monomer. From the above results, it was concluded that methylmethacrylate monomer depresses the cardiac contractility and excitability and causes the respiratory alkalosis through enhanced ventilation.

주성분 회귀분석 및 인공신경망을 이용한 AE 변수와 응력확대계수와의 상관관계 해석

윤동진,김기복,정중채,박휘립,이승석 한국비파괴검사학회 2001 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.21 No.1

AE 신호와 재료의 기계적 물성과의 관계를 정량적으로 제시할 수 있는 방법을 개발하였다. 재료의 여러 가지 기계적 성질들 중 피로균열 거동에 관련된 응력확대계수를 중심으로 AE 신호와 같은 다변량 데이터의 처리에 많이 사용되고 있는 주성분 회귀분석과 비선형적 문제 해결에 적합한 신경회로망 기법을 이용하였다. 이를 위하여 강교량 부재인 SWS490B 강에 대한 피로균열전파 실험을 수행하였으며 표준 CT 시편에 대한 피로균열진전 시 발생하는 AE 신호의 각 변수와 응력확대계수와의 관계를 고찰하였다. 통계분석 방법인 변수선택법을 적용한 결과 AE 카운트(RC), 에너지(EN), 신호지속시간(ED)의 각각에 대한 유의성이 높은 것으로 나타났으나 전반적으로 전체 AE 변수를 모두 이용할 경우 통계적 유의성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 부재의 반복하중 시 발생하는 피로균열진전을 정량적으로 도출할 수 있는 응력확대계수 추정모델을 개발하고 평가하였다. 미지 시료에 대하여 개발된 모델의 응력확대계수 예측 성능을 분석한 결과 주성분 회귀모델과 인공신경망 모델 모두 우수한 예측성능을 나타내었으나 전반적으로 인공신경망 모델이 주성분 회귀모델보다 다소 양호한 것으로 분석되었 다. The aim of this study is to develop the methodology which enables to identify the mechanical properties of element such as stress intensity factor by using the AE parameters. Considering the multivariate and nonlinear properties of AE parameters such as ringdown count, rise time, energy, event duration and peak amplitude from fatigue cracks of machine element, the principal component regression(PCR) and artificial neural network(ANN) models for the estimation of stress intensity factor were developed and validated. The AE parameters were found to be very significant to estimate the stress intensity factor. Since the statistical values including correlation coefficients, standard error of calibration, standard error of prediction and bias were stable, the PCR and ANN models for stress intensity factor were very robust. The performance of ANN model for unknown data of stress intensity factor was getter than that of PCR model.

충주시 문화회관 구조물 안전성에 관한 사례연구

윤승조,류현기 충주대 산업과학기술연구소 1999 産業科學論文集 Vol.7 No.2

The structure which was introduced in this case study of the safe degree was the structure of Chungju Mun Wha Hall located in downtown in Chungju City, Chungbuk. In this case that our country had been developed the rapidly economic development since the 1970's, the several problems of the maintain and management of the existing structure had been started finding on the starting point of the breakdown of Sampung Department and Seongsu Bridge in building a large construction business like the apartment construction of 2 million houses in new town; Illsan, Bundang, Pyongchon, Sanbon, express electric railway and new airport construction, etc, for solving the housing problem including Seoul Olympic Games. In this situation, the evaluation of a concrete crack and its durability, the forecasting of concrete life, the caution in time of selecting the repair method of construction, and the importance of technology development were emphasized again. As a structure which had been built ten years ago, because there have been some cracks in sub-material parts, this thesis researched a crack and the modified state like the several present, the iron frame and the concrete reinforcing degree, the existance or nonexistance of the deficient of the iron framed trust, etc. On the basis of this result, after this thesis investigated the state degree of the structure, it presented the proper repair and the reinforcement of this structure.

전원지역 초등학교계속구강건강관리 사업 모형의 개발에 관한 연구

윤신종,박기철,신승철,김광영 단국대학교 치과대학 예방치과 1998 예방치과 세미나집 Vol.- No.12

The purpose of this study was to develop of a model for School based Oral health program in Korea. Study model of school based dental program was established at Mockcheon Grade school, in 1989 and followed the program for 6 years. 324 school children have been participated in the program. Dental students and dental hygienist's students of Dankook University School of Dentistry have been providing al dental services under the supervision of a public health dentist. Primary preventive care such as sealants, fluoride mouthrinse fluoride topical applications, toothbrusing instruction, oral prophylaxis, were provided to all of the participendents by the students under the supervision of public health dentists. Data for DMF rate, DMFT rate and DMFT index were collected annually. The amounts of money and time consumptions for this program were also monitored. The results obtained for this study were as followings ; 1. The combined school based oral health care program utilized in Mockcheon primary school resulted a reduction of 33.5% in caries incidence after 6 years of implemention. 2. The school based oral health care program tested in this program reduced an average of 53% of dental treatment cost for school children ofter 6 years of implemention. 3. It is therefore suggested that the school based oral health care program is an effective means of public health project for school children in Korea.

고온 접촉식 탐상용 초음파 탐촉자 개발 및 평가

김기복,김병극,이승석,윤남원,윤동진,안윤국 한국비파괴검사학회 2003 한국비파괴검사학회지 Vol.23 No.1

고온(500℃) 환경에서 접촉식 탐상이 가능한 초음파 탐촉자를 개발하고 평가하였다. 고온용 탐촉자는 Curie 온도가 600 ℃ 이상인 bismuth titanate 계열의 압전세라믹 소자, 텅스텐 분말과 inorganic binder를 혼합한 후면재, 알루미나 튜브, 전면재, 하우징 등으로 구성되었다. 기본 공진주파수가 각각 1.04 및 2.08 ㎒의 2 종류 탐촉자를 제작하였으며 각종 고온용 커플런트의 온도특성을 시험하였다. 개발된 고온용 탐촉자를 이용하여 강재 시편을 대상으로 시편에서의 초음파 반사신호를 측정한 결과 시편의 온도가 증가함에 따라 반사신호의 크기는 감소하였다. 고온에서 반복측정 실험결과 500℃에서 연속적인 접촉식 초음파 탐상이 가능한 것으로 나타났다. Piezoelectric ultrasonic transducers for high temperature contact measurement were developed. These high temperature ultrasonic transducers (HTUT) consisted of bismuth titanate piezoceramic element whose Curie temperature is higher than 600℃, a backing material of the mixture of tungsten powder and inorganic binder, an inner alumina tube, a wear plate and a housing. The operational frequencies of the HTUT were 1.04 and 2.08 ㎒, respectively. Various commercially available couplant for high temperature were evaluated and compared. As a couplant for high temperature ultrasonic testing between HTUT and test specimen, gold epoxy was selected. The peak amplitude of pulse-echo signals from steel test specimen decreased with increasing temperature. The operational temperature of the HTUT reached up to 500℃ at which the continuous contact measurement was possible.

흰쥐 해마에서 일시적 대뇌 허혈에 의한 glutamate 수용체 아형 유전자의 발현변동

이승한,김종근,배춘상,정윤영,조기현 全南大醫大 2001 전남의대학술지 Vol.37 No.3