Oligodeoxynucleotide의 화학합성에 관한 연구

김정한,오원택 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1986 논문집 Vol.18 No.1

A synthetic procedure for oligodeoxynucleotides employing solid-phase phosphitetriester method is described. Silica gel support suitable for solid-phase synthesis was prepared from HPLC-grade silica gel and 5'-O-DMTr-thymidine(or N -benzoyl-5'-O-DMTr-2'-deoxy cytidine). Activated phosphoramidite monomers were synthesized by reacing chloro-N-morpholinomethoxy phosphine with protected nucleosides in the presence of diisopropylethylamine. Oligodeoxynucleotides were obtained by chain elongation cycle that consists of detritylation. condensation. oxidation and capping. After demethylation using thiophenol. release of oligodeoxynucleotides from support treated with conc, ammonia water. The synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides 5´DMTr-(T)? OH 3´, 5´r-(T)?-OH 3´, 5´DMTr-(T)?-OH 3´and d 5´DMTr-GGAATTCC-OH 3´were purified by reverse phase HPLC. And 5´-DMTr group of homgeneous oligodeoxynucleotide was deprotected by 80% acetic acid solution.

Oblique Posterior Interbody Fusion with Bone Plugs by Unilateral Approach for Treatment of Lumbar Instability - Technical Note -

Soo Young Oh,Joo Han Kim,Jung Keun Suh 대한신경외과학회 2003 Journal of Korean neurosurgical society Vol.33 No.5

A new technical method using bone plugs with oblique posterior interbody fusion(OPIF) was designed to increase the fusion rate. One hundred-seventy-five patients were operated for lumbar instability between November 1990 and December 2000. The L5/S1 segment was affected in 129 cases(74%) of the patients. Oblique posteior interbody fusion with bone plugs by unilateral approach was performed in all patients. Eight-nine percent of these patients showed good surgical results. This stable transplant interbody fusion has the several advantages. Foreign substance is not used and this method increases fusion rate and cost-effective. OPIF using bone plugs along with Oh's screw could provide sufficient stability for segmental instability of the lumbar spine including spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine, with or without concurrent herniated intervertebral disc or spondylotic narrowing. Key words:Bone plug;Lumbar spine;Oblique posterior interbody fusion(OPIF);Oh's screw.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

냉적응 생쥐의대식세포 활성화에 미치는 PKC 억제제와 Ca^(2+) Antagonist의 영향

정노팔,박한우,최인호,오영근,신형철 大韓免疫學會 1995 大韓免疫學會誌 Vol.17 No.3

Human thymus 조직으로부터 cDNA library를 만들었다. 무작위로 선별한 cDNA clone중에서 468개 염기로 된 cDNA clone (PTH209)을 검색한 결과 124개의 아미노산을 code하는 EAP(Epstein-Barr asseciated protein) 유전자임을 확인하였다. Thymus의 EAP와 Epstein-Barr 바이러스 positive 및 negative cell line의 RNP에서 분리한 EAP^(13)를 비교한 결과, coding region은 동일하였으나 3'UT region은 달랐다. 더구나 EBERs(Epstein-Barr encoded RNAs) 와 La 자가항원이 결합된 RNP의 EAP와 마찬가지로, thymus의 EAP는 sea urchin의 developmental stage-specific 단백질로 알려진 217^(2) 과 매우 유사한 아미노산 서열을 보였다. 이런 결과로 미루어 thymus의 EAP는 thymic development에 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 사료된다. To study the adaptation of immune systems in the animals kept in cold temperature, the recovery rate of peritoneal exudated mouse macrophage was measured in mouse bred at room temperature(RT) or at cold(S±2 C). NBT-reduction activities and phagocytic activities were measured too, to the macrophages recovered. The results are as follows; More than 40% of cells were recovered in the cold treated groups compaired to the RT bred groups. The NBT-reduction activities were totally blocked at 10mM EGTA, and were below 10% of the control in H7 100pM and TMB-8 0.1mM. The NBT-reduction activity of cold treated groups were higher than RT group at lower concentration than H7100pM and TMB-8 0.1mM . The H7 resulted no changes in phagocytic activities both cold and RT groups at 0.1-100pM. The TMB-8 resulted in significant decrease in phagocytic activities at 0.1 mM and 1mM. The conclusions are 1) the cold treated animals showed an increase in the NBT-reduction activities and in the macrophage recovery rates, 2) H7 was unable to block phagocytosis of yeasts up to 10011M concentration, 3) lectin-like yeast cell surface molecules have different signaling mechanism form IgG molecules.

Wechsler 記憶檢査(改訂版)의 妥當度 硏究

韓五洙,柳希姃,金晟倫,金昌潤,李楨敎,李哲,朴仁鎬 서울醫大 1997 精神醫學 Vol.22 No.1

디자인혁신에 있어서 유사성 판단에 관한 연구 : 의자, 시계, Facade를 중심으로 concentrated on the identity of chair, clock, Facade

한정완,차경준,오희권,류제선 한국디자인과학학회 1999 디자인과학연구 Vol.2 No.-

신제품이 개발 출시되어 크게 성장 할 수 있다는 것은 그것을 채택, 수용해 줄 수 있는 혁신층과 조기수용자 층의 소비자 구조를 가지고 있어야만 한다. 신제품 수용자의 조기 확보는 신제품 개발에 소요된 비용은 조기에 보충할 수 있고, 많은 고객을 확보하여 매출의 증대가 용이하고, 마케팅비용의 감소를 가져올 수 있으며. 시장에서 리더십을 가짐으로써 효과적 시장 진입이 되기도 한다. 이와 같이 신제품의 수용과 확산의 연구에서 혁신성이 차지하는 중요도가 매우 높기 때문에 많은 관심을 끌어 온 것이 사실이다. 그러나 이러한 혁신과 수용성 연구의 중요성에 비추어 혁신성에 대한 발견 사실의 모호성과 함께 관련변수에 관한 끊임없는 논의가 지속되어 왔고, 동시에 혁신성 연구가 지금까지 취하여 왔던 방향과 주제에 관련해서도 많은 비판이 이루어져 온 것도 사실이다. 이러한 관점에서 본 연구에서는 아직 논리적으로나 실체적으로 방법론이 확립되어 있지 않은 디자인 혁신의 개념을 새롭게 정립하고 그 특징과 요소를 분석하고 객관적인 기준으로 변한 할 수 있는 지표를 찾는다. 또한 디자인 혁신에 있어서 유사성 판단에 관한 실험을 통해 제품 집단의 유형과 기준을 명확히 파악하고 각 샘플의 공간 해석과 함께 시자극적 특성을 정량적으로 평가하는 실험적 이론으로 사용하고자 한다. 이는 디자인에 있어서의 혁신을 인지하고 각 제품 속에 속한 샘플들을 특징별로 지각하는 보다 과학적인 디자인 접근방법에 관해 새로운 방향을 모색할 수 있도록 하였다. If a new product Is devised and to be sold, it Should possess the group of people who are inclined to change and accept the product, and the group of consumers who can buy them. If you occupy the consumers to buy the products earlier, you car make up with the expenditure that you have spent to devise and make products, facilitate the raise of the sales, decrease the marketing expenditure, and have effective access to the market by going ahead of others. Like this the Innovation has great influence in the accepting and spreading of the products. However in spite of these Innovation and acceptance, there have kept the ceaseless disputes about finding the Innovation and related function, at the same time the study of innovation has been criticized about the direction and the theme we have taken until now. From this point of view, the methodology has not been established In the area of logic and its reality, and this study tries to set up the concepts and analyze the characteristic and the elements and find the standard to change those characteristics and elements in to objective standard. In addition, through the judgment of the similarity In the design innovation, it tries to identify clearly the types and the standard of the set of the products, Interpret the space of each sample, and use it as the experimental theory to evaluate the visual characteristics, Thus it can perceive innovation of the design. perceive the characteristics of the samples in each products, and find the new direction in the more scientific access to design.

교수자의 웹 기반 교육 활용에 영향을 미치는 요인 및 요인간의 관계

한정선,오정숙 이화여자대학교 교육과학연구소 2006 교육과학연구 Vol.37 No.2

본 연구는 대학 교수자들이 웹 기반 교육을 활용하는데 영향을 미치는 요인들과 요인들 간의 관계를 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 문헌 연구를 기반으로 기술 활용에 영향을 미치는 요인들과 요인들 간의 관계를 상정한 후, 실증적인 자료에 근거하여 교수자의 웹 기반 교육 활용에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 검증하고, 이들 간의 관계와 영향력을 미치는 요인들을 고찰하였다. 관련 선행연구의 고찰을 통해 웹 기반 교육 활용에 직접 또는 간접 영향을 미치는 7개의 요인들을 선정하였다. 7개의 요인들은 나이/교수경력, 지원, 컴퓨터 사용 경험, 웹 활용에 대한 자기효능감, 주관적 규범, 웹 기반 교육의 유용함, 그리고 웹 기반 교육의 사용 편이성이었다. 요인분석 결과 유용함과 사용 편이성은 유사한 요인을 측정하는 것으로 나타나 최종 분석을 위해 신뢰도가 더 높은 유용함을 선택하였다. 연구 결과, 유용함은 웹 기반 교육의 활용도에 직접 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 나이/교수경력, 지원, 컴퓨터 사용 경험, 그리고 웹 활용에 대한 자기효능감은 유용함에 매개되어 웹 기반 교육 활용에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study is to find out the factors affecting the faculty's use of WBI in class and the structural relationship between those factors. Through this analysis, we developed a structural model for the adoption and utilization of WBI by faculty. This model has seven variables: endogenous and exogenous ones. Endogenous variables include faculty's computer experience, self-efficacy, subjective norm, user-friendliness, and usefulness. Exogenous variables are the age and teaching experience of the faculty and supports provided by the university. During the factor analysis, it is found that user-friendliness and usefulness variables measure similar factors, so only usefulness is applied in the analysis because it is regarded as more reliable. A survey instrument for this research was developed in order to specify the meaning of each variable. In addition, a self-report was used to gather data for the analysis with a sample of 240 faculty members. As a result, the variable of usefulness shows a direct effect on the dependent variable while other variables, including age and teaching experience, computer experience, self-efficacy, and supports show an indirect effect on it affected by usefulness. The variable of subjective norm shows no direct or indirect effect. Based on this study, several suggestions are made for future research. First, researchers need to collect data not only through interview with the faculty or observation in classes using WBI but also through self-report. Second, we recommend researchers to take into account other variables which may be relevant to the use of WBI. Third, as the participants of this study are limited to faculty of an university, the generalization of the study results may be limited. Therefore, it can open doors for further research on identifying the similarities and differences among various institutions. Finally, on the basis of understanding the faculty's adoption and utilization of WBI, further research on developing strategies to promote WBI use in class is required.

응집공정 개선을 위한 Streaming Current Detector(SCD)의 적용

한무영,유재오,한정철 경희대학교 산학협력기술연구원 1996 산학협력기술연구논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The determination of an optimal and economical coagulant dosage is a crucial problem in water treatment plants: low dosage generally yields a poor removal of raw water turbidity, whereas high dosage leads to sludges which are difficult to dewater. Existing dosage control methods such as jar test, computer controlled equation, zeta potential measurement have shown some limitations in the control of coagulation process. Recent trend of dosage control technology in the developed country is the use of SCD(Streaming Current Detector). SCD is an equipment which continuosely detects the surface charge of particles which are subject to vary with the addition of coagulant. In this study, a technique using SCD is tested and evaluated for the possible control of coagulation process in a water treatment plant. In a bench scale test, the method using jar test is compared with SCD method. Some advantages and disadvantages of SCD are discussed and sensitivity of SCD reading to several water quality parameters is examined. In a pilot scale test using a rapid mixing unit, both SCD and zeta meter reading are measured and compared. Both readings gave similar trends as the coagulant dosage, however, SCD is proven to be more useful because it can be measured on-line. Finally, in a full scale test, SCD is measured at an operating water treatment plant. SCD has the capability of detecting the variation of water quality as well as some problems resulting from clogging of sensors. Overall, SCD technique is proven to be useful and to give some scientifically sound basis for optimum coagulant control in a water treatment plant.

비엔나 검사총집의 임상적용을 위한 한국표준화 연구(II):서울 성인군에 대한 Standard Progressive Matrices 검사

한오수,유희정,김창윤,박인호,이철 大韓神經精神醫學會 1996 신경정신의학 Vol.35 No.1

본 연구에서는 서울 거주 중산층에 속하는 20대 남녀 대학생 96명, 20대 일반성인 111명 및 30대 일반성인 88명을 대상으로 하여 SPM 검사의 표준화 연구를 실시하였다. 재검사 신뢰도는 0.72였고 내적일치도 계수인 Cronbach alpha 신뢰도계수는 .79였다. SPM검사와 Wechsler지능검사와의 상관은 .30이었다. 이에 따라 본 연구결과 SPM 검사의 신뢰도 및 타당도가 통계적으로 유의하였다. 본 연구에서 남녀간의 성별차이가 없었음은 물론 기존의 외국에서 이루어진 전산화된 검사결과와 비교할 때 두드러진 문화적 차이도 나타나지 않았다. 20대와 30대간의 유의한 차이는 연령증가에 따른 지능저하의 결과로 해석된다. 문항반응이론에 기초하여 SPM 검사를 구성하는 문항을 분석한 결과, 쉬운 문항수가 많은 편이었으나 전반적으로 문항의 난이도, 변별력 및 추측도가 비교적 적절하였다. 본 연구결과, SPM 검사가 비언어적인 지능을 측정할 수 있는 문화적, 교육적 및 성차에 별로 영향을 받지 않는 유용한 검사임이 입증되었다. 앞으로 진행될 연구에서는 지필검사를 통해 전 연령층으로 확장된 규준을 작성하여 정상인의 지능평가와 동시에 정신지체, 뇌기능장애를 비롯한 다양한 환자집단은 물론 학교, 산업장면에서도 활용토록하며 신경심리학적 평가도구로도 임상에서 유용하게 활용해야 할 것이다. This study was aimed to standardize the standard progressive matrices(SPM) test in the PC/S Vienna test system. The SPM test was administered to 295 adults in Seoul, comprised of 96 university students, 111 adults of twenties and 88 adults of thirties. The test-retest reliability of the SPM with an interval of 2 weeks was found to be .72. The internal consistency reliability of SPM as computed by Cronbach alpha was .79. product moment correlation between the full KWIS score and SPM was .30. The reliability and validity coefficients of the test were statistically significant. No significant sex differences were observed in this study. And no significant cross-cultural differences were noted when comparing the computerized SPM results studied by Luxemburg and the results of this study. But significant age differences were found between twenties and thirties. The results suggested that increasing in age might be a key factor in lowering of intellectual functions to adults. According to the item analysis based on the item response theory, the results showed that the SPM consists of many easy items, but the average 'item difficulty', average 'item discriminaion' and average 'guessing' were in the moderate level. Conclusionally, the SPM test may provide a culture-free, verbal-free promising tool for the measurement of nonverbal intelligence in a Korean context. Future study will be extending to range of sampling to include all aged normal group, mental retardation, other patient groups and industrial setting. In the future, SPM will be used to neuropsychological test in clinical settings.

空氣中 正極性 Spark Channel의 磁氣場에 의한 影響

吳喆漢,尹文洙,姜禎錫 慶北大學校 産業開發硏究所 1978 硏究報告 Vol.6 No.-

The influences of magnetic field on the positive spark channel of point-to-rod gap under steady potentials in air were studied by means of two cameras and an oscilloscope. The direction of magnetic field was perpendicular to the gap axis, and the magnetic field strength ranging from 0 to 6.6kG was applied. The positive spark channel was deflected in the direction of the Lorentz force. Therefore, it was confirmed that the positive streamer model, which says the streamer is progressing with positive space charge on its tip, is reasonable. The first step length of the spark channel was increased as the magnetic field strength was increased, but it was abruptly decreased at about 4kG. Then, it showed constant above 5kG. However, it first step deflection length was increased at about 3kG. But it was decreased from 3kG to 4kG. It was unchanged above 5kG.