Analysis of the EU Policy on Cultural and Creative Industries after Covid-19 Pandemic

( Son¸ Dong-ki ) 한국외국어대학교 국제지역연구센터 2021 문화와 세계 Vol.2 No.2

유럽연합의 문화창조산업은 코로나 팬더믹으로 가치사슬과 생태계가 위협받을 정도로 큰 피해를 입었다. 이에 유럽연합은 피해를 입은 문화창조산업계와 종사자들에 대한 단기적인 긴급 재정지원에 주력하였으나 코로나 팬더믹이 장기화되면서 타 산업보다 상대적으로 더 큰 피해를 입은 문화창조산업계가 임시방편적 지원으로 회복하기 어려운 상황이다. 그러나 일부 문화창조산업계는 코로나 팬더믹을 계기로 온라인과 디지털화로 빠르게 전환하고 있어 새로운 가치사슬과 비즈니스 모델을 창출하였다. 이에 유럽연합은 코로나 펜더믹으로 드러난 문화창조산업계의 취약성을 개선하고 보다 공정하고 유연한 산업구조로 전환을 계획하고 있다. 구체적으로 코로나 팬더믹 이후의 유럽연합 문화창조산업은 공정한 노동 시스템 구축, 디지털 문화 프레임워크 창출 그리고 혁신적이고 사회적 결속 지향 등 세 가지 기조로 진행될 전망이다. 이와 같이 유럽연합은 코로나 팬더믹을 계기로 문화창조산업계에서 발생하는 구조적 문제점을 해결하기 위한 다양한 전략 및 정책을 수립하고 있다. 최근 문화산업의 폭발적인 성장을 겪고 있는 한국 역시 유사한 구조적 문제를 안고 있는 점을 고려할 때, 유럽연합의 문화창조산업의 변화 및 전환에 대해 깊은 관심을 가질 필요가 있다. The EU cultural and creative industries suffered so much damage that the economic value chain and ecosystem were threatened by Covid-19 pandemic that hit the world since 2020. In response, the EU focused on short-term emergency financial support for the cultural and creative industries and related workers affected by the Covid-19 pandemic, however, it is difficult for the EU cultural and creative industries which has suffered relatively more damage than other industries due to the prolonged COVID-19 pandemic, to recover substantially with temporary support. Despite these damages, on the one hand, some sectors are rapidly shifting to online and digitalization in the wake of Covid-19 pandemic, creating new value chains and business models. Accordingly, the EU planning to improve the vulnerability of the cultural and creative industries revealed by COVID-19 pandemic and switch to a fairer and more flexible industrial structure. Specifically, the EU cultural and creative industries after the Covid-19 pandemic is expected to take place in three phases, which are establishing a fair labor system, creating a digital cultural framework, and aiming for innovative and social solidarity. As such, the EU is establishing various strategies and policies to solve structural problems arising from the cultural and creative industries after the Covid-19 pandemic. Considering that Korea, which has recently experienced explosive growth in the cultural industry, also has similar structural problems, it is necessary to pay keen attention to the changes and transformation of the EU cultural and creative industries and related policy.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

구리이온을 도입한 Acrylonitrile-Acrylic Acid계 공중합체의 도전성에 관한 연구

손원근,맹기석,김동철,송해영 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 1987 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.2 No.2

The AN-AA copolymer-Cu(Ⅱ) and Amidated AN-AA copolymer-Cu(Ⅱ) complex were the most stable in the pH range of 9. The morphology of Cu(Ⅱ) complex and CuxS-induced had changed into compact form. The thermal stability for Cu(Ⅱ) complex and CuxS-induced had been determined through DTA and TGA measurement. As result, it has been observed that thermal stability for Cu(Ⅱ) complex were stabilized less than that of copolymer. The Cu(Ⅱ) complex exhibited surface resistivity around 10Ω㎝ when modified iodine in acetone. The resistivity was significantly affected by the amounts of added cupric chloride, iodine and results were statisfactorily obtained by adding more than 20wt% of Cupric chloride and about 1.0wt% iodine. The optimum condition for the introducing of CuxS was at the CuSO₄concentration of 30g/ℓ and the reaction time of 3hrs. The CuxS-induced electrical conductivity of copolymer was higher by order of 10 than that of the Cu(Ⅱ) complex.

Comparison of the Pharmacological Effects of Roasted and Non-roasted Zizyphi Spinosi Semen: Differences in Chemical Constituents

홍학기, 이기남, 마유안, 김윤배, 남상윤, 송인섭, 문동철, 오기완 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2008 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.9 No.3

본문참고

FREM을 적용한 고층건물의 화재위험도 비교평가연구

김동일,손기상,이수경 한국화재소방학회 2002 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.16 No.1

본 연구는 화재위험도 분석 개념과 정의 및 접근방식을 검토하여 건물화재위험도 분석의 기반을 구축하였으며, 다음으로 컴퓨터 프로그램인 FREM을 사용하여 국내외 대표적인 고층건물 100동에 대한 화재위험도를 평가 한 후 위험의 유형을 도출하였고, 또한 외국에서 개발된 이 기법을 국내에서 적용하였을 때 발생되는 문제점을 밝혔다. 고층건물의 화재위험도 평가에 있어 가장 중요한 요소는 건물 내 방화구획과 자동소화설비의 신뢰도라 할 수 있다. 더불어 고층건물에서 화재안전을 확보하기 위하여서는 이 두 설비를 유효하게 설치하고 유지관리 하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 또한, 차후 이 두 설비 등에 대한 신뢰도 평가기준을 더욱 힘도 있게 연구하여, 지수를 이용한 건물 화재위험도 평가에 적용한다면 적은 비용으로 보다 정확한 위험도 산정이 가능할 것이다. This study set its bases needed for building fire risk analysis by examining general concept and definitons of fire risk analysis, and its acess methods. Upon this basis, by using a computer program FREM, we brought the type of hazards out of the fire risk assessment applied to the typical 100 high-rise buildings in and out of this country. In this process, we also sorted out the programsarising from the application of a foreign born tool to domestic conditions. the credibility of fire separations and automatic fire protection system in a building would be the two most important things in an attempt to evaluate fire risk in high-rise buildings. In addition, it is vital for the purpose of securing fire safety in high-rise buildings that systems should be properly installed and carefully maintained. When we try hard to study the evaluation standards to the above systems and, someday in the future, to employ them in evaluation fire risks in high-rise buildings, we can measure the risks much more precisely with less expenses that that we needed today.

製造企業의 經營環境에 관한 硏究 : 김해지역을 중심으로

金東沃,孫炳基,金榮九,李道和,長英壹,崔容銑 인제대학교 1994 仁濟論叢 Vol.10 No.2

At the threshold of localization era, there is a great need to determine local economic development agenda. But current paucity of data regarding local firms' operations can be a hindering factor to achieve above objective. This study aims to provide such a data which can be used for setting local economic policy of Kimhae area. The study was conducted by administering survey questionnaires. The sample is 34 small sized manufacturers with less than 300 employees in Kimhae area. The content of survey includes General Management, Personnel and Labor Relations, Marketing, Production, Finance, Accounting and MIS. The results of survey revealed that current managerial practices in general showed sizable gap with desired one, which is mandated by national goal of reinforcement of competitiveness of small and medium sized firms.

家兎의 肝固有動脈結紮과 門脈의 部分閉鎖가 肝機能에 미치는 影響

徐東鉉,孫基燮 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1986 충남의대잡지 Vol.13 No.1

In order to control exsanguination from traumatized liver or ruptured hepatoma or to palliate tumor growth, interruption of arterial flow to the liver is well documented. Occlusion of the portal vein may play a role for palliation of the growth of primary hepatoma. And iatrogenic hazard to hepatic artery and/or portal vein may occur during surgical procedure on the upper abdomen. The interruption either of arterial or portal flow to the liver should be followed by some adverse effect of liver function. Although many articles have been published for the histopathologic changes and deterioration of liver function after interruption of hepatic artery or portal vein, few comprehensive study of liver function change has been reported as yet. Author carried out an experimental study of alternation of hepatocyte activity after ligation of the proper hepatic artery and stenosing the portal vein of rabbits. Sixty adult healthy rabbits irrespective of sex weighing about 2kg were subjected to this study. The subject of liver function were studied after ligation of the hepatic artery and stenosis of the portal vein in normal rabbits on serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum pyruvic transaminase, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, blood urea nitrogen, glucose, total bilirubin, albumin, and globulin. The result were as follows: 1. The values of the serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase(SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), and serum alkaline phosphatase activity(AP) has showed gradual rise from 5 to 30 days after procedure to the level of about twice of normal level in the group of the arterial ligation. On the other hand, in the values of SGOT, SGPT, and AP rose abruptly and steeply up in the early days, 5 or 10 days after procedure but thereafter those levels decreased gradually as the days go by and returned to normal level in 30 days. And these alterations were statistically significant changes (P<0.01) each other. 2. The values of serum total bilirubin(TB) and blood urea nitrogen(BUN) were observed no significant changes statistically(P>0.05). 3. The values of glucose of both experimental groups decreased steeply to the level of about two third on the 5 days after operation, and thereafter the group of proper hepatic artery ligation has continued to decrease as days go by. Meanwhile the values of the group of the portal vein stenosis has decreased as days go by and returned to almost the same level of the control group. And these were statistically significant changes, P<0.01 respectively. 4. The values of serum albumin decreased slightly in early days after the both operation and continued to decrease from begining to 30 days after proper hepatic artery ligation at around the level of about a half values of control group. On the other hand it has tendency to increase and returned to normal in the group of portal vein stenosis. And these had statistically significant changes, P<0.01 respectively. 5. The serum globulin level of both experimental groups threw the mirror image on the side of above the control level to the serum albumin level which is located on the other side, below, of the control level(Fig 7 & 8). 6. It seem to suggest that almost all of the values of portal stenosis group which was aggravated in early days, has had a tendency to the values of control group as days go by, means that stenosis of portal system to the liver may enhance the development collateral channels.

역전파 신경회로망을 이용한 자기동조 적응제어

엄기환,손동설,박장환,이용구 동국대학교 산업기술연구원 1995 산업기술논문집 Vol.6 No.-

역전파 신경회로망을 추정기로 이용한 자기동조 적응제어방식을 제안하였다. 제안한 방식은 역전파 신경회로망을 이용하여 시스템함수를 추정하고 추정된 함수를 제어기에서 이용하는 자기동조 적응제어 기법이다. 제안한 방식의 유용성을 확인하기 위하여 가동코일형 선형 직류전동기를 제어대상으로 기존의 반복 최소 자승법을 이용한 자기동조 적응제어방식과 시뮬레이션 및 실험을 통하여 추종 특성을 비교 검토하였다. This paper proposes the self-tuning adaptive control method with back-propagation neural network using a identifier. A proposed method is self-tuning adaptive control method that estimates system functions using back-propagation neural network and estimated function is used to controller. In order to verify the usefulness of proposed method, tracking control characteristics are compared the general self-tuning adaptive control method using R.L.S by simulation and experiments.

연골막판으로 싼 정제된 산호의 조직학적 연구

김지수,손대구,한기환,최동원,박관규 大韓成形外科學會 1999 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.26 No.3

Autogenous costal cartilage graft has been commonly used for reconstruction of auricular deformity. However, the risk of complication and discomfort at the donor site, as well as distortion of the graft due to morphological change in the cartilage have been serious drawbacks to this procedure. Previous studies examining the chondrogenic potential of perichondrium have suggested that perichondrium may be used as graft for cartilage reconstruction. When a perichondrial flap or a free perichondrium was used as graft, new cartilage formed appositional to the grafted perichondrium. However, the neocartilage was often irregular in shape and varied considerably in quantity. In this study, the feasibility of controlling the shape and the mass of neocartilage was investigated using coral, a porous biomaterial, as a template. A coral a template was wrapped with perichondrial flap from the ears of New Zealand white rabbits and placed into a subcutaneous pocket in the rabbits and placed into a subcutaneous pocket in the rabbit's back by incision. A total of 12 animals were used. Formation of new cartilage was later evaluated by gross and histological examination of the perichondrial flap and the coral template. New cartilage was formed in 11 animals. Immature chondrocytes were visible by 3 weeks after the surgery, and by 8 weeks the immature chondrocytes had formed a cartilage. New cartilage was formed only on the surface of the coral template. These results indicated that the shape and the mass of new cartilage may be controlled by using coral template. Therefore, the desired shape of cartilage may be achieved using a coral template of corresponding shape, and this may help in correcting subtle auricular contour defect and in correcting other structural defects that also require new cartilage formation.

全北任實方言 硏究

金海正,孫周一,李氣銅 又石大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.4 No.-

Through collecting some basic dialects in Im-sil district, we are going to find their characteristics in phonology, syntax, and lexicography. We've collected and investigated about 720 lexical items. The investigation method we adopted is the direct question & answer between investigators and informants. Our informants' average age is over sixty, and they have lived there all their lives. The results are as follows; 1. Phonology. A. Their phonological system is found to be almost similar to that of central dialects. We can confirm their vowel system is composed of ten vowels, distinguishing /e/ from /ε/. This phenomenon is different from our common knowledge about it. B. Every single vowel alternates actively in all the vowels. The alternative phenomena between /e/ and /ε/ occur in accordance with back vowel and umlaut respectively. C. Their umlaut phenomena are extensive and similar to those of both central and kyoung-sang dialects. D. Diphthongs with consonant in the initial syllable usually alternates with single vowel. E. We find their palatalization more various than that of central dialects. This phenomena are sure to occur when the condition is given in the first and second syllable. F. Glottalized phenomenon is more productive than aspirated phenomenon. Ⅱ. Syntax. A. The form" -(h??) d??e" is the predicate of matrix sentence which dominates the complementrary structure. B. The form "-jad??i" has a [+Active] as syntactic property while the forms "-d??i" and "d??e" don't C. The forms "a/??rau" and "-d??irau" can be integrated with the form "-ja d??i" but can't be integrated with the form "(h??) d??e" naturally. D. The form "-d??i" is pronounced with rising intonation and assumed to be tag-question usage for the moment. D. While the form "-d??i" with explanatory final ending is used as a Korean general form as a converbum, the form "-jad??e" isn't. F. The purpose of this paper is to point out the general fallacy of classifying the form "-had??i" and "-had??e" as a traditional distinctive features of dialect form (allomorph) in Im-sil dialect, when collecting data of dialect syntax with a special criteria. Ⅲ. Lexicology. Aiming to establish lexical system of subdialect, lexical category is limited within a scope of semantic method and posture. We investigate it with pure and unconfused semantic approach. We describe them synchronically; the meanings of Im-sil dialects based on informents' detailed expressions. We contrast them with standard language. Any particular expression, if necessary, is selectively accounted in the main body.