뇌실외 배액술 관리에 대한 이해 및 업무수행 실태

김정숙,윤미선,송소이,이지은,문경선,고지운,임분남,김경희,박경숙 중앙대학교 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.2

The objective of this study was to investigate the managing realities of EVD and provide a descriptive survey with the attempt to obtain basic data needed for the standardization of EVD management. For that purpose, 220 questionnaire copies were distributed to those nurses who were working with intensive care units at university hospitals, general hospitals, semi-general hospitals in Seoul, Kyongki-de and local areas. Of 158 returned questionnaire copies, 139 were used for analysis. Data were collected during the term of academic seminars of Neurosurgery Nursing Committee and KICA (Korea Intensive Care Association), ranging from Oct. 26 through 27. 2000. The tools utilized a structured questionnaire form consisting of 21 questions on general characteristics, the level of understanding, the level of work performance, standard management guidelines, etc. The data collected were analysed with frequency, percentage, mean vague, chi -square test using the SPSS 10.0 program Findings were revealed, as follows: For managing the prevention of EVD infection, aseptic technique was found to be of the most importance (48.9%),'the technique should be carried out at an operation room'(92.8%), but it was actually performed at intensive care units (over 51.5%). 'The term of antibiotics use should be less than 7 days' (81.8%), while it was actually executed for less than 7 days (49.5%). 'The proper time of quittance from it should be within less than 7 days'(74.1%) but actual quittance was executed only by 51.1%. 'Set exchange is needed' by 54.0% but actual exchange was implemented merely by 28.1%. 'The subject of management should be nurses' was reflected by 40% but actually 52.0% were carried out. As a result of hating analysed the understanding of the management of EVD by general characteristics, a significant difference was found in the necessity for set exchange by hospitals, in the time of quittance of a catheter, and in ablution items by work experience. The result of hating analysed the work performance levels of EVD management by general characteristics revealed that a significant difference in administration facilities of medicine by the classification of hospitals, especially the use of antibiotics and the quitting time of a catheter by the classification of intensive care units, and in the use of antibiotics and ablution items by the standard management guidelines.

정지형 자전거 운동 훈련이 건강한 여성의 체구성,심폐기능 및 유연성에 미치는 효과

김동옥,최정숙,안혜영,민혜숙,이경숙,박연환,송미령,최명애,최정안,김매자 서울대학교 간호대학 간호과학연구소 1999 간호학 논문집 Vol.13 No.1

The purpose of this study was to determine the changes in body composition, cardiopulmonary function, and flexibility following 8 weeks' bicycle ergometer exercise training. The subjects of this research consisted of healthy adult women between 30 and 40 years of age. Initial intensity of bicycle ergometer exercise was based on the target heart rate equivalent to 55% of maximal oxygen uptake, and intensity of the exercise increased by 5% every 2 weeks. Body composition, cardiopulmonary function at rest and during maximal exercise, as well as flexibility were determined before and after 8 weeks of bicycle ergometer exercise training. Masimal exercise was performed on the treadmill according to Bruce Protocol. The results obtained were as follows; 1. There were o changes in body weight, percent body fat, fat body weight, and lean body weight as well. The ventilation volume for 1 minute, respiratory quotient and expired CO₂ volume have not changed significantly after the training, either. 2. As a result of training, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly(p<.05) 3. Maximal heart rate, maximal oxygen consumption and maximal running time increased significantly after the training(p<.05) 4. Pelvic flexibility increased slightly after the training, however, it did not reach the statistical significance. Trunk flexion forward increased significantly after the training(p<.05). From these results, it may be concluded that 8 weeks bicycle ergometr training improve the cardiopulmonary function and flexibility in healthy adult women between 30-40 years of age.

노인의 영적 간호요구

최미혜,김경희,김귀옥,김기숙,김수강,김정신,김춘숙,노흥진,박지연,성혜연,오명선,이선희,이원옥,이윤영,이현수,장명재,차혜경,채정선,홍상희 중앙대학교 의과대학 간호학과 간호과학연구소 2001 중앙간호논문집 Vol.5 No.1

This study was designed to exam the aged's needs for spiritual nursing care. The purpose was to serve as a basis for the development of spiritual nursing practice. The major findings are as follows : 1. The degree of needs for spiritual nursing care as area was that needs of love and relationship mean 22.0, needs of meaning and object mean 28.2, needs of forgiving mean 13.5. Total needs for spiritual nursing care mean 63.7, which was on the upper middle level. The needs of meaning and object was rated highest. 2. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of love and relatiohship wasn't significanlty different. 3. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, needs of meaning and object was significantly different according to two factors : age(F=7.260, p=0.001), religion(F=5.275, p=0.001). Higher needs of meaning and object was possessed by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other. 4. Among the general characteristics of the subjects, four factors made a significantly difference to needs of forgiving : sex(t=-2.851, p=0.006), age(F=8.201, p=0.001), religion(F=6.928, p=0.000), disease(t=2.327, p=0.024). Higher needs of forgiving was possessed by man than woman, by the older than the younger, by the one who have religion than the other, by the one who have disease than the other.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

생활한복의 상의 원형에 관한 소고

정경임,김여숙,조오순 창원대학교 생활과학연구소 2002 생활과학연구 Vol.- No.6

To exhibit the basic patterns of upper garments of ideal Seng-Whal-Hanbok (Korean everyday dresses), with the investigations of their characteristics, the needful measurements and calculated values between Hanbok (Korean traditional dresses) and Seng-Whal-Hanbok were compared with each other following the presentation of their drafting methods. Results are as follows. First, as the general characteristics of Seng-Whal-Hanboks, their collar shapes, length of upper garment, and curved line of trimming parts were commented. Second, as the results from the needful measurements, both Jugori(upper garment of Hanbok) and upper garment of Seng-Whal-Hanbok were in need of the measurements of their chest circumference, back length and Wha-Jang (length up to the wrist born from cervical vertebral). As results from calculated values, Seng-Whal-Hanboks have more than enough space in the width of gill (waist), longer in their lengths and lower armpit point of Jin-Dong(armhole) consequently leading to the sufficient and comfortable feeling Third, it was considered that the basic patterns of ideal Seng-Whal- Hanboks have differences in the space added to B/4 in accordance with the length of upper garments, changes in the circumference of Jin-Dong and the front drooping (2.5-3cm) shorter than that of the short upper garments (4.0-5.0 cm) in their slopings. This is that the front drooping is largely necessary when their lengths of upper garments are short, while the small front droopings are given when their lengths become long. Instead of possible darts in the basic patterns of dresses in Western style, a sufficient front drooping (sloping) was given to the patterns with the treatment of the trimmings with curved lines. We also drafted our special front width able to arrange their front openings, leaving sufficient spaces for Seng-Whal-Hanbok instead of outer collar with enough space for the basic patterns of Jugori in Hanbok..

여성은행원에서의 스트레스 관련요인

정경태,장성실,이강숙,이연경,이동배 大韓産業醫學會 1999 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.11 No.1

We surveyed 343 female bank clerks to find out associations between stress and a variety of factors including general, menstruation and reproductive characteristics of the participants. Unmarried women composed the majority of younger, lower income and lower education groups than married did. They also showed higher, though not significantly higher, scores for psychosocial well being index(PWI) and the first three items of the stress survey. And married women scored slightly higher only in the fourth item of the stress survey. Among the subgroups of married and unmarried women, many factors contributed to a higher stress score in two or more items of the stress survey: in unmarried women, lower education level, little physical exercise, and large family inhabitants, in contrast married women, higher monthly income and greater working hours were related to higher stress scores. According to the menstruation factors, subgroups with dysmenorrhea or irregular cycle and scanty bleeding volume in unmarried women and subgroups with dysmenorrhea kin married women showed higher stress scores in PWI. In married women, the proportion of those who have been pregnant was 77.2% and the proportion of those who have experienced spontaneous abortion was 24.1%. Those who have ever experienced two or more spontaneous abortion showed hgher, though not statistically significantly higher, scores for PWI. In conclusion, dysmenorrhea was associated with high stress score in two groups. And the other factors related to higher score of PWI were different between unmarred and married women, which should be considered in a management plan for mental health promotion.

발달수준에 따른 아동의 죽음에 대한 개념과 죽음준비교육에 관한 연구

鄭景淑 대구산업정보대학 1998 논문집 Vol.12 No.1

This study is to review preceding researches on the children's conceptions of death corresponding to their developmental levels and to present several educational suggestions of appropriate death education for children. For these aims I tried to analyze the preceding researches from two aspects as following. First, I investigated the correlation of the children's death conceptions and their developmental levels of age, coginitive ability and affective susceptibility in the Chapter Ⅱ. It revealed that the development of the children's death conceptions correlates with the, growth of age and the development of affective susceptibility, but that there were two different viewpoints about the correlation of the development of the children's death conceptions and that of children's cognitive ability. In the Chapter Ⅲ, I explored the necessity for death education including death conceptions, grief process caused by death-parting and funeral service. It showed that according to the increasing complexity of modem societies death education for children should be emphasized as well as for adults, and that in death education it is important for adults scuh as parents and teachers to play their roles properly. Consequently we must say that death education for children should be strengthened and to do it effectively we should do our best to develop appropriate programs of death education.

국내 5개 3차 병원의 β-lactam계 항생제 사용 실태 및 Klebsiella pneumoniae의 항생제 내성과의 상관 관계

정숙인,박경화,권기태,고관수,오원섭,정두련,백경란,염준섭,장현하,김신우,손준성,송재훈 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.4

Background : This study was performed to evaluate the prescribing pattern of β-lactam antibiotics and the relationship between antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use in 5 tertiary care hospitals in Korea. Materials and Methods : Data on annual patient-days and annual consumption (defined daily dose (DDD) per 100 patient-days) of β-lactam antibiotics from 2003 to 2005 in 5 tertiary hospitals were analyzed. To determine the antimicrobial resistance in K. pneumoniae, broth microdilution test and double disk synergy were performed according to the CLSI performance standards. Spearman's correlation coeffient was used to determine the relationship between antibiotic consumption and resistance. Results : The prescription of β-lactam antibiotics in 5 tertiary hospitals markedly varied. In two hospitals, increase in consumption of β-lactam antibiotics was more than 30% during recent 3 years. The higher consumption of β-lactam antibiotics significantly correlated with the higher rate of antibiotic-resistant K. pneumoniae in 5 tertiary care hospitals. Conclusion : Continuous surveillance of antibiotic use is needed to encourage appropriate prescribing of antibiotics and to reduce antibiotic resistance. 목적 : 항생제의 오남용으로 인한 내성균의 발현 및 급속한 확산이 전세계적으로 문제시 되고 있다. 특히 병원은 항생제 내성의 중심점에 있는 것으로 여겨진다. 본 연구에서는 최근 3년간 국내 5개 3차 병원의 β-lactam계 항생제의 사용량을 조사하고, 각 병원별 항생제 사용량과 K. pneumoniae의 항생제 내성률과의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 국내 5개 3차 병원에서 2003년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 병원 입원 환자를 대상으로 연도별 재원연인원수와 각 β-lactam계 항생제의 총사용량을 수집하여 DDD (defined daily dose) per 100 patient-days로 환산하여 비교하였다. 2005년 6월부터 8월까지 각 병원의 임상검체에서 동정된 K. pneumoniae를 수집하여 액체배지미량희석법으로 항생제 감수성 검사를 시행하였고 ESBL(extended-spectrum β-lactamase) 생성 여부는 double disk synergy test를 시행하였다. 항생제 사용량과 내성의 상관관계는 Spearman 상관관계 분석을 시행하였다. 결과 : 5개 병원 중 3개 병원에서는 연도별 β-lactam계 항생제 사용량이 비슷하게 유지되었으나, 2개 병원에서는 2003년에 비해 2005년에 항생제 사용량이 30% 이상 증가하였다. β-lactam계 항생제 중 제제별 비율은 각 병원마다 차이가 있었으나, 3세대 cephaosporin의 사용이 가장 많았고 2세대 ceaphlosporin, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor, 1세대 cephalosporin 순이었다. 경구용 β-1actam계 항생제의 사용량(r=0.900, P<0.037)과 2세대 cephalosporin의 사용량(r=0.900, P<0.037)은 각각 K. pneumoniae의 ESBL 생성과 양의 상관관계가 있었다. Ceftazidime의 사용량은 K. pneumoniae의 ceftazidime 내성률과 양의 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.900, P<0.037). 반면 imipenem의 사용량은 piperacillin/tazobactam 내성과 음의 상관관계가 있었다(r=-0.900, P<0.037). 결론 : 최근 3개년간 항생제 사용량은 병원별로 차이가 있으나 일부 병원에서는 증가하였다. β-lactam계 항생제의 사용량은 K. pneumoniae의 항생제 내성과 상관관계가 있었다. 항생제 사용을 줄임으로써 항생제 내성을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 기대되며, 병원별로 항생제 사용에 대한 지속적인 감시가 필요할 것이다.

特殊兒 定置制度의 發達에 관한 硏究

鄭淑璟 東亞大學校 1982 東亞論叢 Vol.19 No.1

The purpose of this study is to investigate into the different characteristics of the placement systems for exceptional children both in Korea and America. Exceptional children are those who need special education or special auxiliary services to accomplish educational goal, owing to their conditions of physical or psychological handicappedness. Traditionally these children are segregated by institutionalization or sending them to special schools. Nowadays, however, the trend for placement tends to be going into integration. The results of this study will contribute to finding problems in the areas of Korean special education in general and suggest some ideas of developing most appropriate placement system for exceptional children in Korea. In order to accomplish the purpose of this study, the development of placement system and the factors contributed to such development in two countries were studied and discussed. The data used in this study are from the literature and printed materials related to special education. The results of this study are as follows: The trend in special education placement is toward integration which aims to normailze the lives of exceptional children by placing them in regular classes most of the time, even during special services are being provided. There are eight kinds of placement system in America such as institutions, special schools, special classes, partially integrated special classes, resource rooms, itnerant teachers, teacher consultants, and mainstreaming movement, where as only two are found to be existed in Korea, special schools and special classes. Factors contributed to such development in America are found to be multiple from changes of social climate, political movement to educational resources, while only a little action on the part of the government and private elaborations of some interested individuals have caused the development in Korea. One of the two significant differences between the two countries is that there has not been developed institutional system in Korea, which has attributed in many aspects for the development of special education in America. Another is that there has not yet developed in Korea any system of integration which followed special classes in America. Based on the results of the study, suggestions and perspectives for developing desirable placement system in special education programs in Korea are discussed.

자각증상으로 평가한 남성택시운전기사의 건강위험도

정문희,오경숙 한양대학교 의과대학 1997 한양의대 학술지 Vol.17 No.2

This survey was conducted to evaluate the level of health risks of taxi drivers. Data were collected from April 20 to May 8 of 1997 and analyzed by descriptive statistics of SPSS/PC+ package. 1. Fifteen percent of 139 taxi drivers could be classified as having high level of health risks, suggesting secondary medical examinations. 2. Most frequent symptoms related to their jobs included backache, joint pain, nervousness, etc. Most of the symptoms related to their daily-living patterns are mainly caused by improper eating habit and lack of regular exercise. According to the above outcomes, following services are recommendable for their health management : 1) regular medical examinations as individual unit, 2) health education as group unit, and 3) health promotion campaign as total job unit.