사매가 Ovalbumin감작으로 유발된 천식 생쥐 모델에서 기관지염증 억제에 미치는 영향

임중근,노성수,길기정,이영철,서영배 대한본초학회 2005 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, characterized by airway eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus hypersecretion, and hyper-responsiveness to both inhaled allergens and nonspecific stimuli. Eosinophil are important in the pathogenesis of asthma, with release of inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes, cytokines, and IgE after exposure to allergen. Objectives : This research investigates the effect of the extract of Duchesnea chrysanta (EDC) on OVA-indued asthma murine model. Methods : After i.p of C57BL/6 mice, OVA sensitization (day 0) were challenged intratracheally with OVA on days 8 and 21. EDC administered weeks 8, blocked the airway inflammatory response to OVA assessed 24 h after the last OVA challenge on day 22. Results : The CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) is expressed by eosinophils, mast cells, and Th2 cells. The role of CCR3 in a murine model of allergic skin inflammation induced by repeated epicutaneous sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA), and characterized by eosinophil skin infiltration, local expression of Th2 cytokines, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) to inhaled antigen. The administration of EDC during OVA inhalation significantly reduced CCR3 plays an essential role in eosinophil recruitment to the skin and the lung and in the development of AHR.. EDC extract reduced total lung cells and eosinophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, airway tissue eosinophilia, goblet cell hyperplasia, mucus secretion, and peribronchial edema. The inhibitory effect on airway eosinophilia and AHR was associated with reduced levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13 in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as well as reduced serum levels of OVA-IgE. We show that OVA inhalation following OVA immunization increased airway responsiveness to induced IL-113, IL-4 and IL-5 mRNA expression in the lung tissue. The administration of EDC during OVA inhalation significantly reduced this increased airway hyperresponsiveness and also inhibited airway inflammation. Conclusions : These results support EDC as a therapeutic target in asthma and indicate that selective EDC inhibitors can reduce allergic airway inflammation.

漕運에서의 海難事故를 통해 본 朝鮮時代의 海運經濟

林鍾吉 한국해운물류학회 2002 해운물류:이론과실천 Vol.- No.3

본 연구는 朝鮮時代의 海運經濟에 대한 두 가지의 相反된 견해, 즉 韓國海運經濟發展段階論의 觀點에서 遣使航運時代에는 第2型의 海運經濟인 自國과 外國間 貿易 위주의 海運으로서 航海術과 造船術이 發展하였으나, 朝鮮時代의 海運經濟는 時代逆行的인 것으로 第1型의 沿岸運送 위주의 海運으로 航海術과 造船術이 發展하지 못하였다는 하나의 見解와, 朝鮮時代의 海運經濟는 비록 沿岸運送 위주의 第1型 海運이었지만, 航海術과 造船術의 발달에 힘입어 海運經濟가 나름대로 상당히 발달하였다는 다른 하나의 見解가운데 어느 假設이 타당한지를 검증하는 것이다. 전자의 假設은 朝鮮時代의 海運經濟가 어디까지나 官船漕運 위주의 沿岸租穀 運送體制로써, 이 시대의 海運을 극히 미미한 수준으로 보는 것이어서 船運業 또는 賃運業의 발달을 사실상 否定하고 있는 것으로 보이며, 후자의 假設은 朝鮮 後期에 船運業 또는 賃運業이 발전하여 私船(京江船과 地土船)의 稅穀運送過程에서 商業資本이 상당히 蓄積될 수 있었다고 보는 것이다. 本稿는 朝鮮時代의 海運經濟에 관한 硏究의 一環으로 漕運에 있어서의 海難事故를 考察의 基本觀點으로 設定하였다. 본 硏究가 갖는 意義는 漕運에 있어서의 海難事故가 海運서비스를 生★하는 過程에서 발생하는 하나의 중요한 經濟的 現象임에도 불구하고, 여기에 관한 體系的인 硏究가 尙今 이루어지지 못하고 있다는 데에 있다. 그리하여 본 硏究는 朝鮮時代 漕運에 있어서의 海難事故에 관한 연구를 통해, 이 時代의 海運經濟가 갖는 基本的 性格을 究明하는 하나의 試圖인 것이며, 朝鮮時代의 海運經濟에 있어서의 生★關係와 生★力, 즉 生★樣式을 究明하는데 一助하고, 나아가 朝鮮時代의 海運經濟가 韓國海運經濟發展段階에서 갖는 性格을 糾明하는데 寄與하고자 하였다. 고찰 결과 海難事故의 觀點에서 보아 朝鮮時代의 海運經濟(漕運)는 微微한 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 海難事故를 방지하고자 하는 多角的인 노력이 이루어졌지만, 造船術ㆍ航海術의 不足, 官吏의 腐敗 등으로 海難事故의 頻發은 舊韓末까지 변함이 없었던 것이다. 그리하여 조선시대의 해운경제가 시대역행적이라는 전자의 가설이 채택되었다. 따라서 私船의 稅穀運送을 통한 商業資本의 蓄積을 근본적으로 否認하기는 어려울지 모르지만, 海運經濟, 특히 稅穀運送을 통한 資本蓄積에는 상당한 限界가 있었다는 것도 否認하기 어려울 것이다. 다시 말해, 本 硏究의 결과는 朝鮮時代의 海運經濟가 낮은 수준에 머물렀음을 보여주는 것이지만, 私船에 의한 稅穀運送이 發展하였음을 전적으로 否認하는 것은 아니며, 海難事故라는 觀點에서 보아 그 發展에는 상당한 制約이 있었으며, 稅穀運送을 통한 資本蓄積 또한 限界가 있었음을 示唆하는 것이다. 朝鮮時代의 海運經濟에 관한 연구가 未洽한 現實을 勘案하면, 본고는 그러한 硏究가운데 하나에 지니지 않으며, 이 時代의 稅穀運送은 물론 海運經濟 全貌를 파악할 수 있는 추가 연구가 계속 이루어져야 할 것이다. In this paper, I aim to find some characteristics of the shipping economy through analyzing sea casualty in the process of carrying grain paid as a tax in the Yi dynasty. I investigated the relationships between the sea casualty, and the operating systems, bodies, regulations, and practical process of the carrying. I identified some characteristics of the shipping economy, the tribute shipping system in the Yi times. Specifically, the system: ● was fundamentally operated by the government-owned ships, although civilian-owned ships are used. ● was operated by the fleet unit, and employed crew not transmitted from generation to generation in the later Yi times, but them was not contributed to prevention of the sea casualty. ● was gradually supported by the operating bodies and regulations, but the sea casualty was increased by the difficulty of procuring the ship and crew, and a corruption of the official and crew are concerned. ● was operated by the lower ship construction and navigation skills, which caused the high sea casualty. ● restricted capital accumulation by civilian-owned ships. Concludingly, the shipping economy, i.e. the tribute collecting system by a ship in terms of the sea casualty was remained very lower level, and under-development tin the Yi dynasty. The high sea casualty was remained even in the later Yi dynasty although the efforts of diminishing the casualty. The main causes of the casualty were the deficiency of shipbuilding and navigation techniques, decay of officials, etc.

農藥과 環境과의 關係 : 農藥使用量 推移 및 農藥販賣商에 關하여 Agricultural chemical use and status of agricultural chemical dealers

金吉雄,林鍾聲 경북대학교 1981 새마을 硏究論叢 Vol.1 No.-

In order to understand the interrelationship of agricultural chemical consumption with environment, the preliminary study was conducted to evaluate consumption of the agricultural chemicals in Korea and the present status of agricultural chemical dealers in Daegu city, emphasizing specially on qualification and academic background. The agricultural chemicals consumed in 1975 was 8,618.8 ton(a.i) and increased upto 14,454.2 ton(a.i.) in 1979, showing approximately an increase of 1.7 times during five years period. The academic background of managers working in the agricultural chemical dealers was mostly high school graduates and only 5.7% of them was agricultural college graduates in Daegu city as of December, 1981.

향류분배 장치에 의한 주광성 행동의 인위도태와 자연도태의 유전적 효과

추종길,한영주,임귀순 中央大學校 自然科學硏究所 1987 自然科學硏究所 論文集 Vol.1 No.-

Directional selections for positive and negative phototaxis were carried out with hte populations, derived from Jeju and L-F strain of Drosophila melanogaster, using the countercurrent distribution apparatus. Effects of selection for positive and negative phototaxis were clearly recognized in the early generations, and the populations were reached a selection plateau from the 5th generation onwards. After 9 generations of artificial selection, the populations selected for positive and negative phototaxis were relaxed in the following 16 generations. The phototactic responses to natural selection of positive and negative populations were not returned to their neutral states. As a result of artificial and natural selection, genes of phototactic behaviors measured by means of countercurrent distribution apparatus are possibly controlled by major genes, and they seem to be fixed in the early generations of artificial selection. Walking behavior in populations of flies with positive and negative phototactic respones at the 9th, 16th and 17th generations was measured by the connected test tube apparatus. The negative populations turned out slow walking behavior. It seems reasonable to assume that genes controlling negative phototaxis and slow walking behavior were accumulated and selected within populations simultaneously.

NP계 비이온 계면활성제/물/용제 시스템의 상거동에 관한 연구

고현길,임종주 동국대학교 산업기술연구원 2000 산업기술논문집 Vol.11 No.2

본 연구에서는 polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether(NP) 계의 비이온 계면활성제, 물, 용제의 3성분 계에 대하여 계면활성제, 용제, 온도 등의 변화에 따른 상평형 실험을 수행하였다. 단일상의 microemulsion은 NP-8 시스템의 경우 50℃ 부근의 조건에서 가장 넓은 영역에 걸쳐서 형성되었으며, 계면활성제의 친수성이 증가할수록 저농도의 계면활성제 영역에서 형성되었다. NP series의 계면활성제 시스템에서 생성된 1 phase microemulsion은 bicontinuous microemulsion 보다는 oil-continuous microemulsioin에 가까운 것으로 전기전도도 측정으로부터 확인할 수 있었다. 동일한 계면활성제 시스템을 온도에 따라 비교하였을 때 온도가 증가함에 따라 상전이가 계면활성제의 고농도 방향으로 진행하였으며, 이때 형성된 1 phase microemulsion은 용제 apex 쪽에서 형성되었다. 즉, 비이온 계면활성제의 친수성이 증가할수록 1 phase microemulsion이 생성되는 온도는 증가하며, 계면활성제 농도는 낮아지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 용제로 D-limonene 대신에 YK series의 탄화수소를 사용했을 경우에는 middle-phase microemulsion을 포함한 3 phase 영역이나 1 phase의 microemulsion이 형성되지 않음을 알 수 있었다. Phase behavior for systems containing polyoxyethylene nonylphehyl ether(NP) nonionic surfactant, water, and solvent was studied. One-phase microemulsion was found over a wide range of compositions at 50℃ in NP-8 surfactant system and surfactant concentration necessary for one-phase microemulsion decreased with an increase in surfactant hydrophilicity. Electrical conductivity measurements showed that the one-phase microemulsion formed with NP series nonionic surfactants used during this study was oil-continuous rather than bicontinuous. Increasing temperature shifted the same phase transitions to the direction of increase in surfactant concentration and one-phase microemulsion was formed near the apex of a solvent. It was also found that temperature necessary for one-phase microemulsion increased with an increase in surfactant hydrophilicity. Neither three-phase region containing middle-phase microemulsion nor one-phase microemulsion was found in the same surfactant system except that YK series hydrocarbon solvent was used instead of D-limonene.

부산지역의 도시기후 특성

김유근,박종길,오인보,임윤규 부산대학교 환경문제연구소 1999 環境硏究報 Vol.17 No.1

Long-term changes of urban climate in Pusan was analyzed for 79 years(1920-1988) and estimated the risirrate to be 0.16℃/(10years) for the annual mean temperature, -0.07℃/(10years) for daily temperature range and 19.7mm/(10 years) for annual lotal precipitation. In horizontal distnbution for two years(1997-1998), urban heat island errect was found to be signficant at coastal and urbarized areas(△Tu-r max-2.1℃)with large anthropogenic heat emissions. In case of Precipitation, large amounts was doserved at the coastal area(Kwangbok-dong: 1813mm)and the lee of the city(Seomyun:1525mm, Tongnae: 1522mm).

뇌자도 측정을 위한 저잡음 Nb SQUID 센서의 설계 및 제작

이용호,권혁찬,김진목,이상길,임청무,박용기,박종철 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1998 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.9 No.1

We report on the design, fabrication and performances of a low-noise Nb SQUID sensor for neuromagnetic measurements. The main features of the developed sensor are i) large flux-to-voltage transfer, making the SQUID readout electronics simple, and ii) use of the integrated planar pickup coil to eliminate the environmental magnetic field noises. The magnetic field noise of the developed SQUID sensor is below 5 fT/√Hz at 100 Hz, which is low enough to be used in neuromagnetic measurements.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

Session G : Immunology : Recognition of hepatitis B virus antigenic determinant by HLA - A2 . 1 restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Jong Seok Lim,Hee Gu Lee,Ki Young Lee,Seung Moak Kim,In Seong Choe,Chong Kil Lee,Tai Wha Chung,Kil Hyoun Kim 생화학분자생물학회(구 한국생화학분자생물학회) 1993 추계학술대회집 Vol.- No.-

Analysis of the Stability of HLA-A2 Molecules Expressed on the Cell Surface

Lim, Jong-Seok,Lee, Ki-Young,Lee, Hee-Gu,Kim, Ik-Hwan,Lee, Chong-Kil,Han, Seong-Sun,Kim, Kil-Hyoun Korean Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biol 1996 Journal of biochemistry and molecular biology Vol.29 No.4

Association of antigenic peptide with class I MHC is believed to be crucial for maintaining stable conformation of class I molecules. T2 cells that are defective in TAP gene function mainly express class I molecules with an unstable conformation due to little or no association with antigenic peptides, whereas T1 cells that are normal in TAP gene function mainly express the stable form of class I molecules. In this work, attempts were made to determine the molecular stability of stable and unstable class I molecules. Dissociation of HLA-A2 molecules on T1 and T2 cells was monitored by flow cytometry using anti-HLA-A2 antibody after the cells were treated with brefeldin A to shut down the transport of newly-assembled HLA-A2. Estimated dissociation rate constants for the stable and unstable forms of HLA-A2 were 0.076 $h^{-1}$ and 0.66 $h^{-1}$, respectively. It appeared that both T1 and T2 cells express stable and unstable class I complex, but with different ratios of the two forms. Furthermore, $interferon-{\gamma}$ treatment of T1 cells appeared to induce the expression of both the stable and unstable class I molecules. These results demonstrate that class I MHC molecules can be divided into two groups in terms of structural stability and that they exist on the cell surface in both forms in a certain ratio.