FCT 5 : Fractional laser-assisted topical imiquimod 5% cream treatment for recalcitrant common warts in children

( Hyun Chang Ko ),( Jeong Min Kim ),( Hyun Ho Cho1 ),( Won Jeong Kim ),( Je Ho Mun ),( Margaret Song ),( Hoon Soo Kim ),( Byung Soo Kim ),( Moon Bum Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2013 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.65 No.2

Background: Conventional destructive modalities for warts like cryotherapy or laser ablation have some limitations that are excruciating pain during procedure, in especially pediatric patients. Imiquimod is a topical immune response modifier that was approved for treating genital and perianal warts. But, thick stratum corneum of common warts may act as a barrier against drug permeation via the skin. Objectives: To evaluate efficacy and safety of above treatment. Methods: Eleven pediatric patients (6 female and 5 male, mean age 12.5 years) were included in this study. The lesions were treated by fractional 2940 nm Er:YAG laser for achieving the penetration of stratum corneum with 1 or 2 weeks intervals. Then, imiquimod 5% cream was self-applied once daily for 5 days a week. Assessment of response and adverse effects was performed every 2 weeks until complete clearance or up to maximum of 48 weeks. Pain during procedure was checked by VAS (0-10). Results: 8 out of 11 (72.7%) patients experienced complete clearance of all warts lesions. Mean duration of total treatment was 29.7 (16-48) weeks. Mean number of fractional laser treatment was 17.5 (8-37) times. No significant adverse effect was observed. VAS score of the pain during fractional laser treatment was 2.4 (1-4), comparing with 6.2 (5-8) during cryotherapy. Conclusion: Fractional ErYAG laser-assisted topical 5% imiquimod cream is an effective and safe treatment option for recalcitrant common warts of the children do not tolerate pain well.

도시체계의 형성과정

조현수 평택대학교 1996 論文集 Vol.8 No.-

1997년 포항지역에서 유행한 소아 무균성 뇌막염의 임상상

조성민,김나연,정진화,김수근,임현술 동국대학교 의학연구소 1998 東國醫學 Vol.5 No.-

1997년 포항지역에서 유행한 소아 무균성뇌막염의 임상상을 고찰하고 이 질환의 발생과 환자가 당시에 사용하던 식수와의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 1997년 5월부터 1997년 10월까지 동국대학교 의료원 포항병원소아과에 내원하여 무균성뇌막염으로 진단 받은 78명의 환아들을 대상으로 의무기록의 후향적 분석 및 식수에 관한 전화 조사를 실시하였다. 환아의 남녀비는 1.23:1이었으며 5-6세군에서 가장 많았다. 월별 분포는 5월에 시작하여 10월까지 발생하였으나 6월과 9월에 점유율이 높았다. 임상 증상 및 증후로는 발열이 가장 많았고(96.2%), 구토(89.7%), 두통(84.6%), 경부강직(73.1%), 인두 발적(71.8%), 식욕부진(52.6%) 등의 순으로 나타났다. 혈액검사 소견으로 백혈구수가 10,000/㎣ 이상으로 증가한 경우가 54.5%였고, 혈침치가 20mm/h 이상인 경우가 29.0%였으며, C반응단백이 0.5mg/dl 이상인 경우가 84.1%였다. 뇌척수액 검사소견은 백혈구수가 13-860/㎣으로 평균 241.2/㎣였고, 단백량은 평균 78.4mg/dl, 당량은 평균 70.8mg/dl였다. 합병증이나 후유증이 발생한 경우는 없었다. 발병 당시의 식수에 관한 전화 조사는 46명에서 가능하였는데 생수를 끓이지 않고 먹는 경우가 13명(28.3%), 생수를 끊여 먹는 경우가 11명(23.9%), 상수를 끓이지 않고 먹는 경우는 2명(4.3%), 상수를 끓여 먹는 경우는 20명(43.5%)으로 전체적으로 보면 물을 끓여 먹는 경우가 31명(67.4%), 물을 끓이지 않고 먹는 경우는 15명(32.6%)으로 나타났다. 본 조사에서는 무균성뇌막염이 발생하지 않은 대조군의 설정이 되지 않았고, 표본의 크기가 매우 작으며, 식수 이외의 물을 통한 전파에 관한 조사가 이루어지지 않아 본 조사 자료만으로는 무균성뇌막염의 발생과 식수와의 관계를 밝히기 어려웠다. 이를 밝히기 위해서는 지역 주민을 대상으로 한 역학조사와 무균성뇌막염이 유행할 당시에 식수 및 식수 이외에 사용하는 물에 대한 역학 조사 및 바이러스 검사 등이 필요할 것으로 생각한다. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical features of aseptic meningitis in Pohang City in 1997 and its relationship to drinking water. We reviewed the clinical records of 78 aseptic meningitis patients who had been admitted to Dongguk University Pohang Hospital, and investigated the drinking water of patients by telephone survey. The results were as follows: 1) The ratio of male to female was 1.23:1. 2) The aseptic meningitis occurred in children of all age groups, but was most prevalent in 5-6year old children. 3) All the cases developed from May to October, but they showed two peaks in June and September. 4) Fever was the most common clinical manifestation(96.2%), followed by vomiting(89.7%), headache(84.6%), neck rigidity(73.1%), pharyngeal injection(71.8%), and anorexia(52.6%). 5) On admission leukocytosis(WBC > 10,000/㎣) on peripheral blood was showed in 64.5%, and increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate(≥ 20 mm/h) in 29.0%, and increased C-reactive protein(≥ 0.5 mg/dl) in 84.1%. 6) On CSF examination, leukocyte count was in the range of 13 to 860/㎣ (mean 241.2/㎣), protein in the range of 0 to 253 mg/dl(mean 78.4 mg/dl), and glucose in the range of 35 to 115 mg/dl(mean 70.8 mg/dl). 7) There was no case who developed any complication. 8) On the telephone survey about the drinking water, we were able to do the survey in 46 cases, raw underground water was used in 13 cases(23.8%), boiled underground water in 11 cases(23.9%), raw tap water in 2 cases(4.3%), and boiled tap water in 20 cases(43.5%). We could not identify the close relationship between the drinking water and aseptic meningitis because of the small sample size, the absence of control group, and the difficulties in the study of past event. Epidemiologic and virologic studies of drinking water will be necessary.

Dehydroepiandrosterone과 노화

조수현 한양대학교 의과대학 1997 한양의대 학술지 Vol.17 No.1

There is an increasing evidence that dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) is an important mammalian steroid. Cancers. artherosclerosis, and dectease of immunloogical responses and brain function are frequently observed in aging. These changes in aging is accompanied by a progressive decline in the sectetion of the adrenal DHEA, the steroids at the highest concentration in the blood of young man. Until recently, no specific molecular or cellular target of DHEA has been described. However, the mode of action of DHEAprobably involved two series of mechanisms : 1) transformation of DHEA into active sex steroids(andregen, esterogen) that promote overall anabolic effects in several tissue, and 2) effects in the central nervous system through an inhibition of the GABAA receptor and a potentiator of NMDA and sigma receptor function. In the last few years, striking effects of DHEA has been obtained mostly in animal experiments. The preventive and/ or therapeutic activity of DHEA has been reported for the development of arte-rial lision, diabetes, cancer, infection and improvement of physical and psychological well-being. A steroid without(up to now)a proper selective receptor, and acting in part through metabolites, DHEA is not a typical hormone. At present there is only the intention of relieving, for as long as ossible, some of damage caused by aging within the framework of research based on physionlogical data and under medical surveillance. Several years will be necesary to pass from precise and limited observations to al sure, dfficacious DHEA useable by many people.

슈만의 피아노작품「크라이스레리아나, op.16」과 E.T.A.호프만의 소설「카터 무어」에 나타난 구조적 연관성

조현수 명지대학교 예체능연구소 1999 藝體能論集 Vol.10 No.-

The Relationship between literature and music implied in R.Schumann's Kreisleriana provides performers with specific clues to understanding the content of the music. It is thought that E.T.A. Hoffmann's novel, Kater Murr might have influenced Schumann when he wrote Kreisleriana. They share the similar structure and character. The purpose of this paper is to compare Kreisleriana with Kater Murr in order (1) to understand how the music is structured as a unified cycle even though it is often fragmentary, and includes abrupt contrasts, and (2) to discover how Schumann associated particular compositional techniques with different kinds of emotional expression or character portrayal.

Renca 마우스 종양모델에서 지구성운동이 종양형성에 미치는 영향

조정제,안현종,김성수,김창주 대한스포츠의학회 2003 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.21 No.1

Subcutaneous injection of cells from renal adenocarcinoma line, renca, into Balb/c mice induces fast growing solid tumors. This method has been used to speculate the efficacy of cytokine treatment for tumor regression. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of treadmill exercise on tumor growth using renca mouse tumor model. We also examined the expression pattern of several genes related to immune response after exercise training for 4 weeks. Exercise training reduced the size of tumor mass compared to that of non-exercised group in tumor cell recipient mice. Natural killer(NK) cell activity showed no significant difference between exercised and non-exercised groups in tumor cell non-recipient mice. Although NK cell activity of non-recipients was higher than tumor cell recipients, NK cell activity of exercised group was significantly lower than non-exercised group among tumor cell recipients. There were no significant differences in mRNA expressions of cytokines. scavenger receptors, and neuropeptieds which are related to immune response, while mRNA expression of TGF-beta was significantly reduced both in spleen and in tumor mass by treadmill exercise. Based on the results presented in this study, endurance exercise has shown the possibility to suppress tumor formation.

백워드 설계에 기반한 융합인재교육(STEAM) 프로그램 개발 및 적용

조수현,박창언 이화여자대학교 사범대학 교과교육연구소 2013 교과교육학연구 Vol.17 No.4

본 연구는 백워드 설계 모형에 기반한 과학 중심융합 인재 교육(STEAM) 프로그램의 개발과 적용 사례를 소개하는 것으로 초등학교에 적합한 융합인 재교육(STEAM) 방법을 논의하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 본 연구의 연구 문제는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 백워드 설계에 기반한 초등 과학과 STEAM교육 프로그램은 어떻게 구성할 수 있는가? 둘째, 백워드 설계에 기반한 초등 과학과 STEAM교육이 학습자의 융합적 소양측면에서 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 또한 본프로그램에 대한 교사들의 숙의는 어떠한가? 현재 국가정책적으로 융합인 재교육을 굉장히 강조하고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 현실에서 본 연구는 STEAM교육을 초등 일반 단위 학급 내에서 어떻게 효과적으로 구현될 수 있을지에 대한 고민으로부터 출발하여 STEAM 프로그램을 개발하고 실질적 운영 사례를 통해 STEAM교육 실천 가능성에 대한 경험적 논의를 시도하였다. 본 연구는 초등학교 3학년 동물 단원을 대상으로 한 초등융합 인재 교육 프로그램 개발 및 적용 연구로서 이해 중심설계 방식인 백워드의 원리와 Drake의 탈교과적 방법에 기초해 융합인 재교육 프로그램을 개발하였다. 또한 STEAM교육을 실행하고 있는 현장 교사들의 협의를 바탕으로 현장의 상황과 요구를 최대한 반영하여 프로그램을 개발하였다. 그리고 이를 직접 적용해 본 것을 학생들의 융합적 소양에 대한 검토뿐 아니라 실제 교사들의 숙의와 경험적 맥락에서 분석하고 논의하였다는데 의의가 있다. 이 연구를 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 프로그램의 효과를 알아보기 위해 실험반과 비교반의 사전․ 사후 융합적 소양검사를 해본 결과 감성적 체험, 창의적 설계, 내용 융합의 측면에서 STEAM을 적용한 실험 반 학생들의 결과가 비교반에 비해 높게 나타났다. 둘째, 본 프로그램 공개 수업후 교사협의 내용을 상황 제시, 창의적 설계, 감성적 체험의 세 가지 STEAM 요소 관점에서 분석해 본 결과 본프로그램에 대해 긍정적인 반응이 나타났다 This study introduces the development and application of S-STEAM education conducted with third-grade students in J elementary school. It suggests an ideal teaching/learning methodology for STEAM education suitable for elementary science and shares ideas about STEAM education. The focus of this study is the following. First, how could the STEAM program for science be organized based on backward design? Second, how would the students think and feel about the STEAM factors after the STEAM program? And, through deliberative procedures, how would teachers feel about a program based on STEAM? The most significant meaning about this program is that it was developed on a basis of teacher discussions and classroom situations, followed by incisive consultations about STEAM. The results are as follows. The effectiveness of this program was analyzed by students and teachers on a basis of three STEAM factors developed by the Korea Foundation for the Advancement of Science and Creativity. The program seems to be effective and meaningful for elementary science STEAM education. Two main methods were used: backward design that pursued an understanding of topics and a trans-disciplinary methodology. These provided the procedure for the organization of this program and were key to the success of the STEAM program that was developed in this study.

HGCMP기반 서버 시스템상의 전달지연 연구

조현주,김한수,이광휘 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1995 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.7 No.-

In this thesis, the message transmission delay on a server system using HGCMP for group communication protocol was analyzed. The queue model of a server system was modeled by queueing theoretic approach. As the feedback structure was imbedded in the queue model, it is difficult to analyze the delay. To solve this problem, the simplification of the queue model was performed. After the simplification process, the queue model was modeled M/M/1. The transmission delay of a server system is calculated using average waiting time and service time in a server system.

돼지생식기호흡기 증후군(PRRS) 바이러스 감염시킨 돼지 기관의 병리학적 관찰

조성환,김현수,윤원기,전무형,류시윤,박배근,손화영,김무강 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1996 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.4 No.-

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus was inoculated into swine tracheal organ culture. The ballooning degeneration of the tracheal ciliated epithelium and a decrease of ciliary activity from the tracheal organs infected with PRRS virus were observed one day post-infection(PI). Tracheal epithelium showed degeneration and focal necrosis 2 days PI. Epithelial necrosis and loss of cilia and epithelial cells became more severe 3 and 4 days PI. An entire loss of cilia and epithelial cells were recognized 4 days PI, however, control tracheal organs were normal during the period of the experiment except a little decrease of ciliary activities with time..

야뇨증 환아들의 심리사회적 특성에 대한 다기관 연구 : 행동 및 정서 문제를 중심으로

조수철,김재원,신민섭,황준원,한상원,박관현,이상돈,김경도,김건석,서홍진,이유식,정재용,김영균,문두건,남궁미경,한창희,조원열,김영식,배기수,이종국,정우영,신의진 大韓神經精神醫學會 2005 신경정신의학 Vol.44 No.6

Objectives : The aim of this study was to examine the behavioral and emotional problems associated with nocturnal enuresis in Korean children. Methods : Three hundred eighteen children with nocturnal enuresis, together with their parents, completed the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Disruptive Behavior Disorder Scale according to DSM-IV (DBDS), Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children (STAIC), and Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale (PHCSC). Ninety-three normal students were selected as the control group. Results : Compared to the normal control group, the mean scores with regard to the withdrawn, social problems, attention problems, delinquent behavior, aggressive behavior, externalizing problems and total problems profiles were significantly higher in the nocturnal enuresis group according to the CBCL results. The nocturnal enuresis group also scored significantly higher in the ADHD and ODD profiles of the DBDS. The nocturnal enuresis group was more depressed and anxious than the control group according to the results of the CDI and STAI. The mean score of the PHCSC was significantly lower in the nocturnal enuresis group when compared to the normal control group. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that children with nocturnal enuresis in Korea have clinically relevant behavioral and emotional problems. The findings support the link between nocturnal enuresis and psychopathology in Korean children.