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주방 GCD 70 구상흑연 주철의 기계적 성질 및 흑연형상에 미치는 주물 두께의 영향
김창주,윤한상 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1984 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.22 No.6
Casting thickness influences mechanical property and graphite shape in ductile cast iron and the results from this study are as follows: 1) The strength and the hardness were decreased rectilinearly as the casting size increased from Ø25㎜ to Ø100㎜ and were nearly same at the size of Ø100㎜ and 150㎜. 2) The strength and the hardness were appeared homogeneous in every step bar of the same thickness. 3) The best ductility was obtained at Ø50㎜. 4) The maximum diameter of huge graphite nodule was 130㎛.
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김창주 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.2
An experiment was conducted to make comparative investigations on the adaptability of ten main cool-season grasses which were orchardgrass, perennial ryegrass, timothy, tall fescue, smooth bromegrass, reed canarygrass, tall oatgrass, red top, crested wheatgrass and intermediate wheatgrass. The grasses were sown in May 1973 and the experiment was carried out over a period of two years at Kangwon National University, Chunchon. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. The year average dry matter yield daring the period of the first and second year was 15.41 t/㏊ in orchardgrass, 13.21 t/㏊ in tall fescue, 12.42 t/㏊ in red top, 12.32 t/㏊ in reed canarygrass, 11.89 t/㏊ in smooth bromegrass, 9.92 t/㏊ in tall oatgrass, 9.43 t/㏊ in timothy, 7.15 t/㏊ in intermediated wheatgrass, 7.02 t/㏊ in crested wheatgrass and 5.93 t/㏊ in perennial ryegrass. 2. Reed canarygrass was slow in the germination and initial growth, so that the dry matter yield in the first year was only 6.43 t/㏊. Yet, in the second year its dry matter yield was highest with 18.21 t/ha among all the grasses in this experiment. 3. Comparing with the other grasses reed canarygrass suffered relatively slight from the summer depression, and through vigorous growth the reduction in dry matter yield in midsummer was not drastic. 4. Reed canarygrass seemed to be a grass that had a high tolerance to unfavorable environment. 5. Orchardgrass was highest in two year's total dry matter yield with 30.81 t/㏊(14.52 t/㏊ in the first year and 16.29 t/㏊ in the second year); it was thought as a grass which had wide adaption to environment. 6. Tall fescue showed the highest dry matter yield among all the grasses in the first year with 17.02 t/㏊(p$lt;0.05); its autumn growth was vigorous as compared to the other grasses. Yet, in the second year it made poor growth. 7. Perennial ryegrass suffered severely from the summer depression and it was inferior in summering and wintering. In the second year numerous dead plants were found in perennial ryegrass sward, therefore the sward deteriorated. 8. In the first year, crested wheatgrass and intermediate wheagrass produced 3.51 t/㏊ and 5.51 t/㏊ of dry matter respectively; these were very lower yields in comparison with those of the other grasses. 9. In the second year, though crested wheatgrass and intermediate wheatgrass made vigorous spring growth they suffered severely from the summer depression; their swards were invaded by weeds and turn to deteriorated swards. 10. Smooth bromegrass and red top made comparatively good growth, while weeds were not found in the red top sward in the first year and second year alike. 11. Timothy was comparatively susceptible of the summer heat and its dry matter yield was rather lower. Tall oatgrass made relatively good growth and its dry matter yield was average.
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Lambert 문제의 해를 이용한 달 착륙궤도 설계기법
김창주,이도현,허성욱 한국항공우주학회 2014 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.11
본 논문은 Lambert 문제의 해를 이용하여 달 착륙선의 착륙궤도를 설계하는 방법을 다루었다. Lambert 해로부터 계산한 속도증분(delta-velocity)을 이용하여 평균추력이나 최대추력 등을 모사하고 추력기의 최대 추력제한을 설계에 반영하였다. Lambert 해를 이용하는 방법으로 two-impulse 및 multi-impulse 궤도선회를 고려하였다. Two-impulse 궤도선회에서는 착륙궤도의 초기 및 종말조건의 변화에 따른 연료효율을 검토하였으며 multi-impulse 궤도선회 문제를 최적화 문제로 정식한 후 비선형 계획법으로 달착륙궤도의 최적설계를 시도하였다. 본 연구의 방법은 달 착륙 문제와 관련된 물리적 특성에 대한 이해를 용이하게 하고 연속추력을 이용한 궤도설계에도 활용이 가능하다. This paper treats the design method of a soft lunar landing trajectory using the Lambertian solution. Here, the deltavelocities estimated using the Lambertian solution are simulated by mean or maximum thrusts and the limit in the maximum thrust is reflected in the trajectory design. The orbital maneuvers using the two- and multi-impulses are considered. The fuel efficiency with varying initial and final conditions of the landing trajectory is predicted using the two-impulse Lambertian solution, which is used to design the orbital maneuvers to the Moon’s surface with the multiple-impulse. The approaches used in this paper can provide various physical insights related to the trajectory design for the soft lunar landing. Furthermore, those can be used to optimize the landing trajectory under the continuous thrust conditions.
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Perennial ryegrass 의 파종비율을 달리한 혼파 목초지에 있어서 목초생장 및 식생구성비율의 계절적 변화
김창주,김동암 ( Chang Ju Kim,Dong Am Kim ) 한국축산학회 1977 한국축산학회지 Vol.19 No.3
This experiment was carried out to investigate seasonal variations in the plant growth and botanical composition of the mixture swards of orchardgrass/perennial ryegrass/Ladino clover sown at different seeding rates of perennial ryegrass. Five kinds of seeds mixture of orchardgrass 20 ㎏/㏊ Ladino clover 3 ㎏/㏊ added with 0 ㎏/㏊ (P-0), 5 ㎏/㏊(P-5), 10 ㎏/㏊(P-10), 20 ㎏/㏊(P-20) and 30 ㎏/㏊(P-30) of perennial ryegrass were sown in the experimental field of Kangwon National University on the 24th of April in 1972. The experimental mixture swards were cut once a month from June to October in the First harvest year (1972) and from April to October in the second harvest year (1973). The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. Establishment ratio of orchardgrass and Ladino clover showed a tendency to drop as the seeding rate of perennial ryegrass rises. Orchardgrass and Ladino clover seemed to be oppressed already one month after the sowing by perennial ryegrass which was vigorous in early stage growth. 2. All the plants of the mixture shards had an inclination to show shorter plant length in spring and autumn, yet longer in summer. Perennial ryegrass showed comparatively little variation in the plant length throughout the growing period, while orchardgrass and Ladino clover marked large variation. 3. In the first harvest year, until the early summer the botanical composition ratio of perennial ryegrass marked 14.1% in P-5, 27.2% in P-10, 47.3% in P-20 and 63.7% in P-30 but after the midsummer the ratio dropped remarkably to 7.4%, 17.7%, 28.7% and 44.1% respectively. 4. Perennial ryegrass revealed poor summering and wintering record; it mostly disappeared after the midsummer of the second harvest year. 5. In the first harvest year, as seasons progressed from spring to autumn the ratio of perennial ryegrass in the botanical composition had a tendency to decrease in the plots sown under 10 ㎏/㏊ of perennial ryegrass but the ratio tended to increase in the plots sown more than 20 ㎏/㏊ of perennial ryegrass while the ratio of Ladino clover rised in every plots. 6. In the second harvest year, all through the growing seasons orchardgrass and Ladino clover maintained their botanical composition ration relatively equal except for the temporary dropping in orchardgrass` ratio in May and June and temporary rising in Ladino clover`s ratio in the same months. 7. Until the early summer of the second harvest year the botanical composition ratio inclined to drop in orchardgrass and Ladino clover and to rise in perennial ryegrass in proportion to increase in seeding rate of perennial ryegrass, but after that time difference of the botanical composition derived from the different seeding rates of perennial ryegrass was not noticed among the plots.
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김창주 베뢰아학회 2006 베뢰아논단 Vol.1 No.2
KIM, Chang Ju. "Berean Studies and Demonology." Berea Forum 1 (2006): 157-199. The Bible shows three spiritual beings; Cod angels and humans as well as spiritual places which are the paradise, heaven, Hades, abyss and hell. The Bible shows not only the mutual relationship of three spiritual beings but also the relationship between these beings and spiritual places. Demonology in Berean Studies is defined based on the specific and clear understanding of these relationships. Berean Studies is differed from other theologies in several key points. Firstly other theologies only acknowledge heaven and hell as after-death worlds. However, Berean Studies emphasizes not only heaven and hell but also on other places such as the paradise, Hades and the abyss as intermediate places before going to heaven and hell. Secondly existing theologies do not differentiate the term 'devil' and 'demons' whereas Berean Studies considers the name 'devil' and 'Satan' as by-names referring to the same being and demons as other separately distinguished beings. Lastly Berean Studies focuses on the differences between angels and humans. Angels who were created in the heaven are spiritual beings without flesh, whereas humans were created as spiritual beings in this material world with physical bodies. Based on the above explanation, Berean Studies considers demons not as corrupted angels but as the after-death beings of unbelievers. Ontologically, demons are after-death beings of humans and in terms of their work; they belong to Satan, doing evil work. Since there are many evidences proving that demons are after-death beings of unbelievers in the Old & New Testament, an in-depth Biblical examination is required in each chapter. (Editor, Korea Theology; Systematic Theology).
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