한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

소아 간질환자에서 혈중 Carbamazepine-epoxide 농도 및 이에 영향을 미치는 요인

정인숙,백정미,장인진,신상구 大韓臨床藥理學會 1998 臨床藥理學會誌 Vol.6 No.2

뇌혈관질환을 동반한 당뇨병 환자에서 지속적 혈당측정의 유용성 평가

정성훈,강인구,박철영,류미숙,우정택,김성운,김진우,김영설 대한당뇨병학회 2002 임상당뇨병 Vol.3 No.2

연구배경: 뇌혈관질환을 동반한 고령의 당뇨병환자는 이들의 신경학적 결손으로 경고 증상없이 심한 저혈당에 노출될 가능성이 크다. 실제로 하루 4번 정도의 자가 혈당 측정으로는 이를 감지하기 어려울 뿐 아니라 검사에 따른 고통으로 적극적인 혈당 조절에 제한이 따르게 된다. 이에 저자들은 Mini Med사의 지속적 혈당측정기(CGMS, continuous glucose monitoring system)를 이용하여 뇌혈관질환을 동반한 당뇨병 환자에서 24시간 혈당의 변동양상을 알아보고 각기 다른 인슐린 치료방침에 따른 혈당조절의 효율성을 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 2001년 1월부터 6월까지 경희대학교 부속병원에 입원해 있는 10명의 뇌혈관질환을 동반한 제 2형 당뇨병환자를 대상으로 하였다. 이 들은 모두 튜브식이를 받고 있엇고 최소 1개월 이상 인슐린 치료를 시행 받았다. 지속적 혈당측정기를 착용하고 3일간의 연속적인 혈당을 측정하였고, 치료 첫 날은 NPH, 둘째 날은 속효성 인슐린과 NPH, 마지막 날은 혼합형 인슐린제제로 치료하여 그 효과를 비교하였다. 이들 각기 다른 인슐린 제재의 하루 총량에 차이는 없었다. 혈당치가 3.3mmol/L 미만이거나 7.8mmol/L를 초과하는 경우 그 차이값의 총합을 시간으로 나누어 이 값(△Glu)이 적을수록 치료효과가 우수한 것으로 판정하였다. 또한 당 수치가 3.3mmol/L 미만인 경우를 저혈당 event, 16.7mmol/L 초과한 경우를 고혈당 event로 임의로 정의하였고, 이를 통해 지속적 혈당측정의 유용성을 간접적으로 평가하고자 하였다. 결과: 평균 △Glu값은 첫째 날이 0.93 ± 0.43mmol/Lㆍmin?¹, 둘째날이 0.71 ± 0.29mmol/Lㆍmin?¹ 마지막 날이 0.58 ± 0.29mmol/Lㆍmin?¹로서 서로 다른 3가지 치료방침사이에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다(p=0.115). 10명의 환자들 중 자가 혈당측정기로는 1명에서 저혈당 event, 2명에서 고혈당 event를 인지하였으나 지속적 혈당측정기로는 각각 9명에서 event를 확인하였다. 결론: 지속적 혈당측정기를 이용한 각각의 인슐린 치료방침에 따른 혈당조절 효율성의 차이는 없었으나, 자가혈당 측정기로는 알 수 없었던 일 중 혈당 변동사항을 정확하게 알 수 있어, 뇌혈관질환을 동반한 당뇨병 환자에서 보다 적극적인 인슐린 치료 및 관리를 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. Background: Diabetic stroke patients are susceptible to hypoglycemia. However, there are many limitations in detecting hypoglycemic events, even though glucoses levels are checked 3 to 4 times per day using the fingerstick method. Therefore, we investigated the glycemic excursions and pattern in diabetic stroke patients using the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS, MiniMed) and its clinical utility. The other objective was to compare the treatment dfficacy between insulin regimens. Methods: From jan 2001 to jun 2001, 10 adult type 2 diabetic stroke patients wore CGMS for consecutive 3 days, which continuously checked the glucose level. NPH insulin, multiple daily injection of regular insulin ± NPH and the mixed type(Novolet 30/70, Novo Nordisk) were used on the first, second and third days of the study, respectively. If the mean delta glucose(△Glu = A+B/time, A=∑(hlucose-7.8), glucose > 7.8 mmol/l, B=∑(3.3-glucose) if, glucose < 3.3 mmol/l) was calculated in order to recognize the degree of individual glycemic changes and to compare the efficacy of each treatment diverse insulin regimen. We arbitrarily defined a glucose level less than 3.3mmol/l, as a hypoglycemic event, and more than 16.7mmol/l as a hyperglycemic event. Results: Variable patterns of glycemic changes were observed among patients with the same dosage, but a different insulin regimen. The mean △Glu was 0.93±0.43 on the first day, 0.71±0.29 on the second day and 0.58±0.29 on the third. There was no significant difference in treatment efficacy between the 3 different insulin modalities(p=0.115). Of the 10 patients, a hypoglycemic event was detected in 1 with the fingerstick method, in contrast to 9 with CGMS, with hyperglycemic events being detedted in 2 and 9, respectively. Conclusion: Continuous glucose monitoring maybe useful in providing the information necessary for optimal glycemic control in the diabetic stroke patients.

EFFECT OF RESTORATION TYPE ON THE STRESS DISTRIBUTION OF ENDODONTICALLY TREATED MAXILLARY PREMOLARS : THREE-DIMENSIONAL FINITE ELEMENT STUDY

정현숙,김현철,허복,김광훈,손권,박정길 대한치과보존학회 2009 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.34 No.1

본 연구의 목적은 다양한 교합하중 조건하에서 아말감, 복합레진, 세라믹 인레이, 그리고 금 인레이로 수복한 근관 치료된 상악 제2소구치의 응력분포를 3차원 유한요소법으로 분석하는 것이다. 발치된 상악 제2소구치를 이용하여 근관 치료된 3차원 유한요소모형을 제작하였다. 제작된 소구치 모형의 근관와동을 위 4가지 재료로 각각 수복한 후, 협측교두 (Load-1) 또는 설측교두 (Load-2)에 500 N의 하중을, 설측교두와 근심변연에 총 170 N의 하중 (Load-3)을 가하였다. 세 가지의 하중조건 하에서 각 수복물에 따른 협측과 설측의 치경부 그리고 교합면의 정중구에서 나타나는 인장응력의 분포양상을 ANSYS 프로그램으로 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.모든 수복물의 경우에서 Load-1에서는 설측의 치경부, Load-2에서는 협측의 치경부에서 높은 응력이 관찰되었고, 수복물 종류에 따른 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 2.모든 수복물의 경우에서 교합면의 하중점 근처와 정중구를 따라 높은 응력이 관찰되었고, 수복물 종류에 따라 약간 의 차이가 관찰되었다. 3.모든 수복물의 경우에서 Load-3에서는 하중점 근처에서 높은 응력이 관찰되었고, 수복물 종류에 따른 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of four restorative materials under various oclusal loading conditions on the stress distribution at the CEJ of buccal. palatal surface and central groove of occlusal surface of endodontically treated maxillary second premolar, using a 3D finte element analysis A 3D finite element model of human maxillary second premolar was endodontically treated. After endodontic treatment, access cavity was filled with Amalgam, resin, ceramic or gold of different mechanical properties A static 500N forces were applied at the buccal (Load-1) and palatal cusp (Load-2) and a static 170N forces were applied at the mesial marginal ridge and palatal cusp simultaneously as centric occlusion (Load-3). Under 3-type Loading condition, the value of tensile stress was analyzed after 4-type restoration at the CEJ of buccal and palatal surface and central groove of occlusal surface Excessive high tensile stresses were observed along the palatal CEJ in Load-1 case and buccal CEJ in Load-2 in all of the restorations. There was no difference in magnitude of stress in relation to the type of restorations. Heavy tensile stress concentrations were observed around the loading point and along the central groove of occlusal surface in all of the restorations. There was slight difference in magnitude of stress between different types of restorations. High tensile stress concentrations around the loading points were observed and there was no difference in magnitude of stress between different types of restorations in Load- 3.

백서 간세포 핵소체 인산단백질 B23의 진화론적인 특성 규명

이혜정,윤상인,박주인,정진숙,김영대,김정만,곽종영,김인후 동아대학교의과대학 1997 동아의대학술지 Vol.9 No.1

임상간호사의 사회심리적 건강과 건강지각, 건강관련 행위

김정희,현미열,김영순,김정실,남상옥,송만숙,이라주,이정화 한국간호과학회 간호행정학회 2010 간호행정학회지 Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among psycho-social well-being, and health perception and behavior in clinical nurses. Methods: The data were collected from 362 nurses employed at five general hospitals. A self-reported questionnaire was used to assess demographics and job characteristics, health perception and behavior, depression, and psycho-social stress. The data were analysed using Cronbach's alpha, descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA. Results: While nurses perceived themselves to be in good health, represented by a high mean for health perceptions, actual health behavior was poor as the mean for health behavior was low. Forty two percents of the subjects were categorized as having major depression and high-stress levels. There were statistically significant differences in psycho-social well-being according to age, marital status, years of employment, and monthly salary. Also, there were significant differences in psycho-social well-being according to health perception, regular meals and exercise, sufficient sleep, job related injury and accident, and absences for ill. Conclusion: In order to prevent depression and improve psycho-social well-being among clinical nurses, organizational support and health management needs to be focused on high-risk nurses. Furthermore, it is essential to consider the health perception and behavior of clinical nurses.

서울지역 일부 과체중 및 적절체중 학령기 아동의 신체계측, 체지방률, 혈액지표 및 영양소 섭취 상태의 비교 분석 연구

이정숙,이정윤,임현정,조미란,차성호,조여원 대한영양사협회 2003 대한영양사협회 학술지 Vol.9 No.4

This study was carried out to compare the characteristics of the over weight elementary school students with those of desirable-weight children. Anthropometric parameters such as height, weight, BMI body fat percentile, triceps skin fold thickness were measured. Dietary assessment and blood analysis were performed. The average ages of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 10.9f2.5 and 10.2±2.8 years, respectively. The means body fat percentile of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 27.5±3.7% and 20.2± 3.8%. respectively. Plasma levels of TG. total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol of over weight children and desirable-weight children were 179.3±30.0. 104.9f26.6, 52.3f6.7 and 178.3±84.l㎎/dl and those of desirable-weight children were 86.1±43.5, 183.7f16.5, 101.0f2.1 and 67.7±20.0㎎/dl respectively. Plasma TG levels of over weight children were significantly higher than those of desirable weight chddren. On the other hand plasma HDL-cholesterol levels of over weight children were significantly lower than those of desirable-weight children Plasma levels of GOT ,and GPT were in normal range in both group. However, GPT level of over weight children was &her than that of desirable weight children. Plasma levels of albumin, globulin and BUN were all in normal range and no differences were found in both groups. Hematologic data did not show any difference between two group except WBC, KBC and Hgb levels which were significantly higher in over weight group than those of desirable-weight children. DAY nutrients intake of over weight children and desirable-weight children were very similar and they were around the Korean KDA levels for each nutrients. However, the intake of calcium of both groups were little over 50% of KDA. The consumption of d e b fiber was very low and the cholesterol intake was very high shorn that the habitual meals of Korean school children were not well balanced.

남녀 대학생의 성지식과 태도, 성행동에 관한 연구

안양숙,정혜정,이정숙 漢陽大學校 韓國生活科學硏究所 1997 韓國 生活 科學 硏究 Vol.- No.15

The purpose of this study was to measure the knowledge, aptitude, behavior in sex for College students in order to provide basic sex education information, more proper knowledge and healthier culture in sex. For this study, the questionnaires were given to 100 students who were 52 males and 48 females in three universities in Seoul and collected during from november 25 to november 30, 1996. These results were analyzed satistically by means of frequency, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this analysis are as follows : 1.The universal trend of knowledge , attitude, behavior of college students in sex. 1) The level of knowledge about male related to sex was relatively high and male get higher score than female. On the other hand, the level about female related to sex was relatively low. 2) In attitude toward sex, male was more open-hearted than female. Especially, about some questions related to attitude of male's sexual intercourse, male related to sex was more open hearted. 3) On behavior in sex, generally, male experienced relatively often. Specially, male experienced masturbation and sex intercourse comparatively frequent than female. 2.The analysis ragarding variables of dynamic statistics of population. The level of sexual knowledge of the Buddhist group was relatively high than the Christian group and the group had not any religion. The buddhist groups and the group had not any religion were more open-hearted than the Roman Catholic group in the altitude related to sex. The group whose mother graduated college was more frank than the group whose mother graduated high school or middle school in sexual behavior. The group whose member engaged to marry experienced sexual behavior frequently. 3.The results regarding knowledge, attitude, behavior according to variables of dynamic statistics of population. As sexual attitude is more frank, age is older, and the relationship is more advanced, respondents experienced sexual behavior frequently. In religion, the Christian group experienced sexual behaviors realtively rare than the group had not any religion. Male have many sexual experiences than female. According to these results of this study, I am going to propose some prefactories. 1.In order to provide proper sexual knowledge, some lessons connected wish sex must be set up for college students and many counsel work is needed for the students who had sexual problems. 2.Some studies about sex education program are needed in chain of marriage preparation program.

식생활 의식과 식습관이 음식물 쓰레기의 감량과 재활용에 미치는 영향

한재숙,홍상욱,김정숙,이정림,허성미 동아시아식생활학회 1996 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.6 No.3

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of housewives' dietary awareness and habits on the reduction and recycling of food waste products. We have done statistical analyses of 501 questionnaires answered by housewives living in Taegu city. The results are as follows: The dietary awareness is significantly different according to the housewives' ages. The group of above 50's age, and the group of housewives and their husbands with a lower education level have a more traditional awareness and eating up habits. Also the younger group, and those with a higher education level who grew up in a big city have a more progressive dietary awareness. But the younger, higher income, small family, higher education level groups, and also employed housewives, produced more food waste products than the other groups. The groups those have traditional or rational awareness concerning dietary awareness, and those with good eating up and accurate cooking habits turned out to have more affirmative effects on the reduction and recycling of food waste products.

Saos-2 세포에서 Doxorubicin에 의한 세포사멸 유도과정에서의 유전자 발현 변화

임정숙,배민재,백석환,김재룡,김정희,김성용 영남대학교 의과대학 2005 Yeungnam University Journal of Medicine Vol.22 No.2

Background: Doxorubicin has proved to be a useful chemotherapeutic agent especially for osteogenic sarcoma. It induces cancer cell death via apoptosis. Materials and Methods: To explore and analyze the change of gene expression during doxorubicin induced apoptosis on human osteogenic sarcoma, Saos-2 cell cDNA microarray was performed. After treatment with doxorubicin, total RNA was purified and expressed genes were investigated with a 17k human cDNA micoarray. Results: For analysis of the cDNA micoarray, the genes were filtered using the sum of the median value of Cy2 and Cy5 signal intensity of greater than 800. Expression of 264 genes was changed by more than 2 fold, and the expression of 35 genes was changed more than 3 fold after treatment with doxorubicin. The genes were primarily related to cell death, cell growth and maintenance, signal transduction, cellular component, transport, and metabolism. Conclusion: Treatment with doxorubicin induced expressional change of many genes. Some of the genes might be related with apoptosis directly or indirectly. Further study is now needed to characterize these genes.