19세기 전ㆍ중반기 프랑스 선교사들의 조선 입국 시도와 서해 해로

김규성(Kim Gyu-Seong) 한국교회사연구소 2009 敎會史硏究 Vol.0 No.32

The purpose of this thesis is to find out about the process to seek Korean entry route of French missionaries. Bishop Ferreol envisioned this work. And Father Kim-Dae-Geon(金大建) practiced it. This thesis also put great emphasis on the exploitation of the entry route through the seaway of the West Sea. There were several attempts to seek entry route of missionaries before 1843: Bishop Ferreol was appointed to Korean Vicar Apostolic in that year. In those days, the envoy's march which Korea(Jo-seon) sent to China(Cheong) was in existence. They used the route through Ui-ju Byeon-mun(義州 邊門). The emissaries of Korean church utilized this route. Father Ju-Mun-Mo entered through this way. Three French missionaries also came in by similar way. But this route was interrupted after 1839's Persecution. On December 1842, Kim-Dae-Geon searched around Ui-ju Byeon-mun. He met Kim Francisco on the envoy's march of the Winter Solstice at that time. The whole circumstances of 1839's Persecution and the situation of Korean church were reported on the outside. The connection with Korean church have been cut off since 1839's Persecution. It restored in the third year. He tried out infiltration in Korea after succeeding to contact with emissary. He wanted to take Father Maistre in Korea. Therefore he entered alone to Korea on February of the next year. But he should return as it failed to attain the desired end. Bishop Ferreol was appointed to Korean Vicar Apostolic in 1843. After that, he envisioned the entry route to penetrate effectively in Korea. And he selected Father Kim with practician of his plot. He was a seminarian at that time. Bishop Ferreol thought that Korean priest effectively would practice this plot. Besides Father Kim had courage, bravery and geographical faculty. These became important backgrounds that he was selected. At first, they envisioned and attempted the plan to enter through a land route. This route is passing Ui-ju Byeon-mun or the Northeast. Kim-Dae-Geon directly explored this area and attempted a entry. But this didn't succeed. The reason was that it would be dangerous to french missionaries of different appearance. Besides a guard of the frontier had been solemn since 1839's Persecution. Bishop Ferreol also envisioned entry through the Seaway of The West Sea on behalf of a land route. Bishop Imbert and Father Maubant had already devised this plan. In 1840, Bishop Ferreol discovered the letter which contain this scheme. He probably has referred to this letter. Kim-Dae-Geon was ordained deacon on December 1844. Thereafter he entered to Korea alone. Then he received direction from Bishop Ferreol to inquire the plan to enter through the Seaway of the West Sea. When he went to Shang-hai(上海) to be ordained priest, he passed by seaway. He was ordained priest on August 1845. After that, he entered to Korea with Bishop Ferreol and Father Daveluy by similar way. However the seaway also was dangerous and uncertain because of strict surveillance and wind wave. So Bishop Ferreol envisioned a method to use Chinese fishing craft to come and go in coast of Hwang-hai-do(黃海道) for a fishery. And he commanded exploitation of entry route by this method to Father Kim. Father Kim was arrested on the way exploration of this coast for this work. And he died for his belief. The exploitation of entry route was shrunk for a little time due to aftereffect of Father Kim's arrest and martyr. But it was continued to attempt to enter by Ui-ju Byeon-mun and coast of Hwang-hai-do in the long run. Father Choi-Yang-Eob(崔良業) entered to Korea by Ui-ju Byeon-mun on December 1849. Three missionaries including Bishop Berneux arrived in Korea by coast of Hwang-hai-do on March 1856. Thereafter another missionaries used similar seaway. In addition, Father Kim had already made geographics datas on his way to exploit. They were utilized to entry of missionaries actually. The attempt of Korean Entry of French Missionarie

Cultural and Domestic Memory in Seamus Heaney’s Bog Poems

( Seong¸ Chang-gyu ),( Kim¸ Chong-kyen ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2016 영어권문화연구 Vol.9 No.2

This paper deals with Seamus Heaney's bog poems and the meaning of cultural memory. He delves into the bog, examines its past and history, develops its present situation and negotiates between the present and past, not missing its originality. In fact, the bog poems suggest different reconstructions of the same event, different ways of remembering or recalling memory traces. And memory emerges from these negotiations and strategies as a range of processes of recovery. The person remembering an object can enter into the unknown. So, it is a creative or interpretative process of narrating memory traces in terms of the context of retrieval, rather than an archaeological process of revealing discrete or complete memories. It is also a means of representing the ongoing trace of the past or the presence of the past, rather than of discovering a finished past. In the context, poems such as “Kinship,” “The Tollund Man,” “The Bog Queen” and “The Grauballe Man” can be applicable to memorial images of Irish bog. Heaney's attitude to the past has changed radically in the bog poems. The poet's attitude to the past is so subdued and private, as exemplified by the inclusion his wife in the peaceful pastoral scene. Irish history and memory is considered to be originated and completed on a domestic dimension rather than a national dimension.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1994)

김재홍,안진균,정성재,김영태,김중환,김시영,이석종,이홍렬,서호석,김경훈,권혁진,정우권,고우석,이용석,안필수,오준규,오용섭 대한화학요법학회 1996 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.14 No.1

Background : In recent years gonorrhoea has been panendemic and remains one of the most common Sexually Transmitted Diseases in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Method : For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae(PPNG), Ive have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results : In 1994, 168 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 109 (64,9% ) were PPNG. Conclustion : Our results suggests that the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is still increasing.

동종 골수이식 후 만성 이식편대숙주질환과 동반되어 신증후군으로 발현된 IgA 신병증 1예

정철권,김현수,박준성,정성현,조도연,최진혁,남동기,임호영,김명성,신규태,임현이,김효철 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1999 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.4 No.2

동종 골수이식 후 발생하는 신기능부전은 원인이 다양하여 감별에 어려움이 있다. 만성 GVHD는 흉선의 기능저하에 따른 면역관용의 실패로 발생되는 자가면역현상에 의해 발생되는 것으로 알려져 있으며 드물게 신장을 침범하여 신증후군을 일으키기도 한다. CaA의 용량을 줄이거나 투약중지 후 발생한 만성 GVHD에 동반된 신증후군의 경우 조기에 신조직검사를 시행하여 감별진단하고 CsA의 용량을 증량하거나 재투약하여 좋은 치료 결과를 보일 것으로 기대된다. 저자들은 문헌고찰을 통해 동종 골수이식 후 발생된 신증후군이 유사한 임상양상을 보이며 발생기전에 만성 GVHD와 자가면역현상이 연관되어 있음을 확인하였으며 동종 골수이식 후 신증후군의 임상양상을 보이는 환자에서 병리조직학적으로 lgA 신병증을 진단하고 이러한 lgA 신병증이 발생기전에 만성 GVHD와 자가 면역현상이 연관되어 있을 가능성을 최초로 확인하였으며 CsA를 이용하여 성공적으로 치료한 경험을 하였기에 보고하는 바이다. Renal insufficiency is occasionally encountered in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation and its cause is difficult to ascertain. Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) related to thymic dysfunction is immune-mediated and involves autoreactivity of T-lymphocytes derived from donor marrow to recipient's major histocompatibility complex(MHC) minor antigens. The clinical mainifestations of chronic GVHD are similar to those of autoimmune disease but kidney involvement is rare. Few cases of nephrotic syndrome with membranous nephropathy or minimal change nephrotic syndrome have been reported to be associated with chronic GVHD in allogeneic bone marrow transplant recipient especially after cyclosporine A(CsA) withdrawal, and these cases have responded well to CsA. Therefore, it is prudent to differentiate the cause of post-transplant renal insufficiency using renal biopsy and to start CsA in a case of nephrotic syndrome associated with chronic GVHD as early as possible. We report a case who had a massive proteinuria during the post-allogeneic marrow transplantation period. The cause of nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed as IgA nephropathy by renal biopsy. The patient was successfully treated with reintroduction of CsA.

열공형과 비열공형 피질하 혈관성 치매에서 위험인자의 차이에 관한 비교 연구

배희준,정지향,유경호,나덕렬,김상윤,최경규,양동원,손의주,이상도,김재우,박경원,김응규,이재홍,박미영,한일우,함동석,최문성,하충건,최성혜,이애영,이병철,한설희 대한치매학회 2003 Dementia and Neurocognitive Disorders Vol.2 No.2

Backgrounds and Objectives: Vascular dementia is a group of dementing disoders arising from various stroke syndrome. Among these. subcortical ischemic vascular dementia (SIVD) is regarded as a relatively distinct clinical entity. However, MRI patterns of SIVD are not homogenous. In some patients, lacunes are dominant, and in others, subcortical white matter changes are. This study was designed to compare risk factor profiles between SIVD with and without multiple lacunes. Methods: We divided 47 subjects (22 males, mean age. 68 years) recruited from VADAPET (Multicenter Trial For Evaluation Of The Changes In the PET Images Of Subcortical Vascular Dementia Patient) study into two groups one with more than 5 lacunes in deep gray matter (lacune group) and the other with 5 or less(non-lacune group) Clinical characteristics and laboratory findings of two groups were compared. Results: Nineteen of 47 patients (40%) belonged to the lacune group. The lacune and non-lacune groups d d not differ in the following variables: age, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia heart disease, history of stroke or TIA, history of trauma or major surgery, family history of hypertension stroke, or dementia, age at diagnosis of dementia, body mass index, white blood cell count, ESR, CRP, fibrinogen, hemoglobin A1C, total cholesterol. LDL cholesterol creatinine, proteinuria, glucosuria, and microhematuria. However, male sex, smoking alcohol. hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were possibly associated more with lacune group SIVD than with non-lacune group (p<0 1) Multivariate analyses revealed that smoking, hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol were independent predictors of SIVD with multiple lacunes Conclusion: Our study suggests that SIVD with multiple lacunes may be significantly different in smoking habits hemoglobin, and HDL cholesterol from SIVD without multiple lacunes.

선씀바귀 에탄올 추출물의 항산화활성

김민;조규성 한경대학교 2008 論文集 Vol.40 No.-

This study was performed to determine the antioxidant activity of Ixeris chinensis. Dried samples were extracted with 90% ethanol and partitioned with different solvents : hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous partition layers. The measurement results showed that the nitrite-scavenging activity of ethanol extract (90%) of Ixeris chinensis was similar to that of BHA (36.3%) at 1,000 ppm, and those of the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves and the roots were 47.3% and 47.2%, respectively (p<0.05). The electron-donating ability at the same concentration was shown to be the highest, along with the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves (91.7%) and of the roots (92.9%), and to be equal to that of α-tocopherol (89.8%). It also showed a higher effect compared to that of BHA (86.8%) and BHT (75.3%) (p<0.05). The peroxides values that were finally generated in the substrate of linoleic acid was higher than that of BHA (10.3 meq/kg oil) and BHT (9.9 meq/kg oil), with the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves at 69.1 meq/kg oil and of the roots at 56.6 meq/kg oil. It showed lower figures, however, than the control group (102.9 meq/kg oil). The measurement of the antioxidant activity in the linoleic acid emulsion system showed that its final optical density was equal to or higher than that of BHA (0.568) or BHT (0.351), along with the ethyl acetate fraction of the leaves (0.343) and of the roots (0.521). From the values that were obtained when the antioxidant activity of the extracts and fractions of Ixeris chinensis were measured, it can be concluded that the higher activity in the ethyl acetate fractions was caused by its phenolic compound content, which is believed to be the bioactive compound of Ixeris chinensis. As such, the total phenol and flavonoid contents of Ixeris chinensis were measured. The results showed that the phenol content was 47.3% and that the flavonoid content was highest in the ethyl acetate fraction, among the leaf fractions, and that the phenol content was 46.8% and that the flavonoid content was highest (7.42%) in the ethyl acetate fraction, among the root fractions.

자동차 보수도장의 도막에 관한 연구

김순경,장성규 동의공업대학 1999 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

An extensive investigation was conducted to assess the influence of steel sheet surface finish on pained surface appearance. Several kinds of textured steel sheet were painted simultaneously using advanced solvent-based luxury vehicle paint systems. Especially, the current emphasis on control of surface roughness of cold rolled steel sheet has been prompted by the automotive industry's concern with the as-painted appearance of sheet products, because the influence of such characteristics on paintability, formability and painted surface appearance is important in defining steel surface requirements for automotive industries. The results are discussed in detail with respect to 1) the influence of different steel surface textures on paint appearance, 2) the evolution of surface topography during painting, and 3) the implication of this work. 4) Painted sheet appearance is strongly affected by surface roughness and peak count of base-metal and influenced by the topographical properties of substrate, paint thickness and zinc coating variables. 5) The painted appearance of shot blast textured(SBT) and electro-discharge textured(EDT) automotive cold rolled steel sheets was determined and related to surface roughness parameters, zinc coating method, and paint thickness.

여수지역 약수 수질의 계절적 변화

김인수,이소영,서원술,서성규 여수대학교 1998 論文集 Vol.13 No.2

This study was performed to investigate the quality of natural mineral water at 7 sites in Yosu area. Samples were collected at spring, summer, fall and winter for a seasonal variation in 1996. The mean values of pH, F-, HCO3-, NO3-N were 6.63, 0.11mg/ℓ, 28.80mg/ℓ, 2.40mg/ℓ and those of Na, K, Ca, Mg were 12.76mg/ℓ, 1.13mg/ℓ, 7.07mg/ℓ, 2.44mg/ℓ respectively. The content of F- at Tuckgol,, Hansansa and koobongsan was 0.21mg/ℓ, 0.16mg/ℓ, 0.11mg/ℓ, and the others detected below 0.10mg/ℓ. The highest concentration of HCO3- was 40.75mg/ℓ at Tuckgol, NO3-N was 10.75mg/ℓ at Seokchonsa. In seasonal variation, the highest value of pH was 6.76 at spring, F- was 0.14mg/ℓ at spring and fall, HCO3- was 34.6mg/ℓ at spring, and NO3-N was 2.57mg/ℓat spring.

초내열합금 B1900의 미세조직과 인장특성에 미치는 고온노출의 영향

김인수,최백규,서성문,조창용 대한금속재료학회 2003 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.41 No.7

Influence of thermal exposure on microstructural evolution and tensile properties of Ni-base superalloy B1900 has been investigated. Phase transformations during thermal exposure and their effects on tensile behavior of the alloy have been analyzed by microstructural observations. Considerable amount of acicular type M_(6)C carbide precipitated in the interdendritic regions (including γ/γ' eutectic) and in the vicinity of MC carbide as a result of thermal exposure above 871°C. Thermal exposure also assisted precipitation of small discrete M_(23)C_(6) carbide which is hard to be found in the alloy. Thermal exposure deteriorated tensile properties of the alloy. The effect of M_(6)C precipitation on the tensile properties of the alloy is not clear. However, degradation of tensile properties of the alloy is primarily attributed to the coarsening of y' phase during thermal exposure. While the localized deformation bands were observed in the as-cast tensile specimen due to shearing of γ' particle, dislocation network formed at γ/γ'interface in the thermally exposed tensile specimen.

Query Processing in F-Logic databases

김성규 안양대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 自然科學硏究 Vol.4 No.-

We propose a query processing method based on Connection Graph (CG) Resolution. A database in the F-logic language is transformed into a CG. We present how to unify complementary literals of two formulas and how to generate a resolvent from them. We then present a knowledge-based query processing method that uses hierarchy informaion in the database. Finally, we suggest a way of selecting a most promising link in a connection graph to reduce the time taken to answer a query.