CIGS 박막의 전착에 관한 연구

이상민,김영호,오미경,홍석인,고항주,이치우,Lee, Sang-Min,Kim, Young-Ho,Oh, Mi-Kyung,Hong, Suk-In,Ko, Hang-Ju,Lee, Chi-Woo 한국전기화학회 2010 한국전기화학회지 Vol.13 No.2

Cu(In, Ga)$Se_2$ (CIGS) 박막은 다원화합물이기 때문에 제조공정이 매우 까다롭다. 진공장치를 사용하는 제조 방법으로 동시증착법, 스퍼터링법 +셀렌화가 있고, 비진공 제조 방법으로 전기화학적인 전착법이 있다. 각 방법에 있어서도 출발 물질의 종류에 따라 다양한 제조 방법이 동원 될 수 있다. 진공증착에 의한 방법은 고품질의 박막을 얻는데 사용 되고 있으나 고가의 진공장비가 사용되므로 대면적화에 따른 제조비용 측면에서 문제가 있다. 이에 비하여, 전착법은 간단하면서도 저가로 대면적화를 이룰 수 있다는 장점 때문에, 많은 관심이 기울여지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Mo/Glass전극위에 Ga/(In + Ga) = 0.3의 성분비를 만족시키는 CIGS 박막을 전기화학적으로 제조하기 위하여, $Cu^{2+}$, $In^{3+}$, $Ga^{3+}$, $Se^{4+}$ 4성분을 모두 포함하는 전해질 수용액 내에서, 4성분의 이온들이 동시에 환원되는 전위를 조절하여 CIGS 박막을 전착 하였다. SEM을 이용하여 얻어진 CIGS 박막의 전착된 시료의 표면을 관찰하였고, EDS로 그 조성을 분석하였다. 또한, XRD를 이용하여 전착시료의 열처리 전후의 결정성변화를 조사하였다. The chalcopyrite $Cu(In_xGa_{(1-x)})Se_2$ (CIGS) is considered to be one of the effective light-absorbing materials for thin film photovoltaic solar cells. We describe the electrodeposition of CIGS thin films in ambient laboratory conditions, and suggest the electrochemical conditions to prepare stoichiometric CIGS thin films of Ga/(In + Ga) = 0.3. In acidic solutions containing $Cu^{2+}$, $In^{3+}$, $Ga^{3+}$ and $Se^{4+}$ ions, the CIGS films of different Cu/In/Ga/Se chemical compositions were electrodeposited onto Mo/Glass substrate. The structure, morphology and chemical composition of electrodeposited CIGS films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively.

안구적출에 따른 위둔덕의 칼슘결합단백질의 재구축 및 상호 연관성

안병수,고길석,안명수,김경주,권안성,정명섭,박춘매,조병옥,김진우,Samudra Acharya,Parmeshwar Narayan Amatya,장인엽 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.1

Background: Superior colliculus is a part of midbrain, and participates in the visual reflexes, It receives afferent fibers from optic nerve, visual cortex, and spinotectal tract. After optic deprivation, the microscopic structure of the superior colliculus changed. Calcium-binding proteins (CBPs) Play an important role in the neuronal protection, differentiation and reorganization of the central nervous system, Objectives and Methods: The effects of neonatal retinal deafferentation on a CBPs, calbindm D-28k (CB), Parvalbumin (PB) and calretimn (CR), and the existence of colocalization between the CBPs were examined immunohistochemically in the rat superior colliculus. Results: On the experimental (contralateral to enucleation) side of superior colliculus, the number of CB-immunoreactive (IR) cells was reduced (77.4% compared to control), but not fibers. The number of PB-IR neurons and fibers was also reduced on the experimental side (88.5% compared to control), In the other hand, the CR-IR cells were dramatically increased (642% compared to control), but CR-IR fibers were markedly decreased on the experimental side. The colocalization between CB-CR and PV-CR was rarely observed in the superior colliculus Conclusion: These results suggest that the changes of retinotectal projection may alter the expressional pattern of CBPs in different manners; relatively stable in CB- and PV-IR neurons and plastic in CR-IR neurons.

Circuit Weight Training이 중년남성의 체격 및 체력에 미치는 영향

김연,김정주,고인태 경희대학교 체육과학연구소 1996 體育學論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of circuit weight training on the physique, physical fitness. 20 middle ages man at B leisure town were selected as subject and then divided into two group; The forties group with 10 persons, fifties group with 10 persons. circuit weight training was three times a week for the period 8 weeks. To evaluate the charge of physique, skinfolds, muscular strength each group was measured. The pre test was enforced before taking the experiment, and the post test was operated after taking the experiment 8 weeks later. The results were as follows; 1.Significant change was increased in chest girth of forties group 2.54%(p〈.05), non significant change was fifties group 0.26%, significant change increased in the thigh girth of forties group 2.50%(p〈.001), fifties group 4.43(p〈.01), and non significant change was decreased in the waist girth of forties group 0.54, significant change was fifties group 1.24%(p〈.05) by after 8 weeks. 2.Significant change was decreased in triceps of forties group 16.81 (p〈.01), fifties group 18.10%(p〈.01), non significant change was in the abdomen of forties group 2.89%, significant change was in fifties group 5.02%(p〈.01), subscapular in the forties group 12.50%(p〈.01), fifties group 19.25%(p〈.01) after 8 weeks, and total thickness of forties group 13.93(p〈.01), fifties group 12.80%(p〈.01), significant change was increased in the body density of forties group 0.51%(p〈.05), fifties group 2.31%(p〈.01), LBM of forties group 2.86%(p〈.05), fifties group 0.2.31%(p〈.01), significant change was decreased in %Fat of forties group 11.91%(p〈.01), fifties group 8.60%, Fat of forties group 12.93%(p〈.01), fifties group 9.37%(p〈.01) by after 8 weeks. 3, Significant change was increased in the grip strength of forties group 8.64%(p〈.05), fifties group 6.24%(p〈.01), back strength of forties group 12.65%(p〈.01), fifties group 10.63%(p〈.01), trunk flexion of forties group 20.18%(p〈.001), fifties group 22.55%(p〈.01), non significant change was increased in the trunk extension of forties group 5.56%, fifties group 4.43% by after 8 weeks. In conclusion circuit weight training is effective as the method of all-round development physique, physical fitness.

적외선 센서 냉각용 맥동관 극저온 냉동기의 성능특성에 관한 실험적 연구

박성제(Seong-Je Park),홍용주(Yong-Ju Hong),고준석(Jun-Seok Ko),김효봉(Hyo-Bong Kim),염한길(Han-Kil Yeom),인세환(Se-Hwan In) 대한설비공학회 2016 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.11

A pulse tube refrigerator is a small scale cryocooler which was invented by Gifford and Longsworth in 1963. It has the advantages of high reliability and low vibration because it has no moving part in the cold part. In recent years, the pulse tube cryocooler have cooling capacities and thermal efficiencies comparable with the Stirling cryocooler. These advantages promote the widespread use of the pulse tube cryocooler in many fields, specially in space-borne application that require a long life and stable temperature. An in-line pulse tube cryocooler has been designed and tested in our laboratory. The main part of the cryocooler, consisting of an in-line assembly of aftercooler, regenerator, cold heat exchanger, inertance tube, buffer and hot heat exchanger. Generally, a long tube with small diameter is used as an inertance tube and it imposes resistance and impedance to gas flow simultaneously. Phase between pressure and flow at cold-end is adjusted by length of the inertance tube with fixed diameter. This paper presents the results of a series of performance tests for the in-line type pulse tube cryocooler. Experimental investigations have been conducted to evaluate their performance characteristics with respect to several parameters such as the phase shifter, operating pressure and operating frequency of the linear compressor.

2003년 국내 중증급성호흡기증후군 진료 현황 및 문제점 분석

이진수,김은실,정문현,백제중,정선화,안주희,최영화,이선희,고철우,김성범,김민자,박승철,기현균,송재훈,최상호,김양수,이상오,조용균,박영훈,정숙인,김연숙,이흥범,손창희,장성희,정희진,김우주 대한감염학회 2004 감염과 화학요법 Vol.36 No.3

목적 : 2002년 말 중국에서 SARS가 발생한 이후 국내에서도 2003년 10월까지 총 3명의 추정환자, 17명의 의심환자가 보고되었다. 향후 추가적인 SARS의 유행이 우려되는 상황에서, 그간의 SARS 환자 진료에 있어서의 실질적인 준비사항, 진료 현황 등에 대한 조사를 통해 문제점을 파악하여, 향후 더 나은 대비가 될 수 있도록 개선점을 제시하고자 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : SARS로 의심되는 환자를 진료 경험이 있는 병원의료진을 대상으로 2003년 10월에 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문에는 SARS 환자 진료 시의 실질적인 조치, 진료 현황, 병실, 응급실 및 외래에서의 격리 시설과 준비사항, 보건당국의 관리와 지원에 관한 사항을 포함하였다. 결과 : 대상이 되는 22개 병원 중 17개(17/22, 77.2%) 병원이 설문에 응하였다. SARS 환자를 위한 격리실은 응급실, 외래, 일반병실 및 중환자실에서 각각 9개(9/17, 52.9%), 5개(5/17, 29.4%), 15개(15/16, 93.7%), 4개(4/16, 25%) 병원에서 음압처리가 되어있지 않은 일인실 혹은 다인실이 사용되었고, 1개(1/16, 6.3%) 병원에서만 일반병실에서 음압격리실이 운영되었다. 입원환자의 진찰 시 개인보호구의 착용은 거의 모든 의료기관에서 이루어졌다. 보건당국에서 SARS지정병원의 시설 등을 사전에 확인한 곳은 1곳(1/12, 8.3%)이였고, 14개 병원(14/15, 93.3%)에서는 보건당국에 의뢰한 검사결과를 통하 받지 못하였다. 결론 : 의료기관에서 SARS 환자용 격리실뿐만 아니라 기존의 격리실 설비 등이 미흡하였으며, 특히 중환자실 및 외래의 준비가 더욱 부족하였다. 보건당국의 의료기관에 대한 종합적인 지원이 부족하였고, 병원과의 원활한 연계가 잘 이루어지지 않았다. SARS 만이 아닌 격리를 필요로 하는 질환의 적절한 진료를 위해 향후 병원 시설의 정비와 정부차원에서의 보다 구체적이고 실질적인 대책마련이 필요하다. Background : There was an worldwide outbreak of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) originated from China in late 2002. During that period three cases of suspected SARS and 17 cases of probable SARS were reported in Korea. With the concerns about the reemergence of SARS-coV transmission, it is important to be prepared for any possibility. So, this study is aimed to analysis the past measures in managing SARS and propose the amendatory plans to improve the preparedness. Materials & Methods : Questionnaires were collected among clinicians with any experience in managing the probable or suspected SARS cases in Oct. 2003. 17 out of 22 hospitals responded to the questionnaire. The contents in the questionnaire were practical activities, personal equipments, response plans, isolation facilities in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards and intensive care units, and relationship with the public health department. Results : The dedicated isolation rooms in emergency centers, outpatient clinics, general wards, and intensive care units were prepared in 9 (9/17, 52.9%), 5 (5/17, 29.4%), 15 (15/16, 93.7%), and 4 (4/16, 25.0%) hospitals, respectively. Except for one hospital that newly made negative pressure room for SARS, single or multi-bed rooms without airborne infection control were used in all the other hospitals. The personal precaution principles were kept quite well in general wards. Before the designation of SARS hospital by the public health department prior evalution to see if the hospital was suitable for managing SARS was conducted in only 1 (1/12, 8.3%) hospital. The results of laboratory diagnosis were reported back in 1 (1/15, 6.6%) hospital. Conclusions : The isolation facilities which can control airborne infection were almost deficient not only for SARS but also for other respiratory transmissible diseases. For the infection control of transmissible diseases including SARS, more investment is needed on medical facilities and comprehensive support from the public health department required.

In-line 맥동관 극저온 냉동기의 성능특성에 관한 실험적 연구

박성제(Seong-Je Park),홍용주(Yong-Ju Hong),고준석(Jun-Seok Ko),김효봉(Hyo-Bong Kim),염한길(Han-Kil Yeom),인세환(Se-Hwan In) 대한기계학회 2016 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2016 No.12

Stirling type pulse tube cryocoolers are very attractive for cooling of diverse applications because it has several inherent advantages such as no moving part in the cold end, low manufacturing cost and long operation life. In recent years, the pulse tube cryocooler have cooling capacities and thermal efficiencies comparable with the Stirling cryocooler. These advantages promote the widespread use of the pulse tube cryocooler in many fields, specially in space-borne application that require a long life and stable temperature. Pulse tube cryocooler for cooling infrared and cryo-sensors is currently under development at KIMM. Our coolers are specifically designed to work in the thermal imaging device and to meet requirements such as cooling capacity, COP and high reliability. This paper presents the results of a series of performance tests for the in-line type pulse tube cryocooler. Experimental investigations have been conducted to evaluate their performance characteristics with respect to several parameters such as the phase shifter, operating pressure and operating frequency of the linear compressor.

메탄올-아세톤 혼합용매계에서 염화벤질술포닐과 파라치환 아닐린과의 친핵성 치환반응에 대한 속도론적 연구

구인선,고철주,강대호 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1985 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.1 No.-

The second order rate constants have been determined for the nucleophilic substitution reaction of benzylsulfonyl chloride with anilines in MeOH-(Me)_2CO mixtures at 25℃ and 35℃. Results were shown that (ⅰ)the rate constant of the reaction is the largest in 100-90% MeOH solvent and increase with the electron donating substituent anilines, (ⅰ) the magnitudes of ρ and β associated with a change of substituent in the nucleophile are large and indicate a relatively advanced bond-formation in the transition state, (ⅲ) the reaction procceds via S_n2 mechanism with product-like transition state from solvent effect and quantum mechanical approach.

운동부하테스트에 따른 정상혈압자의 혈압상승도가 고혈압 발병요인에 미치는 영향

권은영,김정주,고인태 경희대학교 체육대학 한국체육과학연구소 2003 體育學論文集 Vol.31 No.-

It is well established that the elevation of systolic blood pressure during exercise is the risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this study is to examine whether the elevation of systolic blood pressure during exercise is correlated with the pathogenesis of hypotension To fulfill this objective, this study assigned 31(46.2±7.0 yr) middle-aged women to low group(n=17) and high group(n=14) according to the criteria for the classification of hypertension(JNC-VI, 1997). Following this, this study analyzed cardiovascular factors(SBP, DBP, HR, VO₂, RER) and blood components(LDLC, HDLC, TC, TG, HDLC/LDLC). The results of the present study were as follows: (1) SBP was significantly increased at resting state, at 4 minutes, at 6 minutes and at endpoint(P<.05), (2) There was significant difference between SBPmax and SBPrest(P<.05), (3) DBP was significantly increased solely at resting state SBPmax (P<.05), (4) RER was significantly increased at 10 minutes. In addition, a statistical analysis revealed that SBPmax-SBPrest was significantly correlated with age(r=0.336), SBPmax(r=0.827) and DBPmax(r=0.335). In conclusion this study indicates that the monitoring of such cardiovascular indicators as SBP, DBP, HR, VO₂ and RER is essential in health promotion in patients with obesity or normal healthy people as weil as patients with hypertension.

110K급 Bi계 고온 초전도체의 성장에 대한 연구

주유환,손보견,고영제,손인호 경남대학교 환경문제연구소 2003 환경연구 Vol.26 No.-

High temperature superconductor Bi₂Sr₂Ca₂Cu₃O_(x) compound has been grown by improved directional solidification method at various temperatures. It is found that the superconducting transition temperature(T_(c)) of Bi-2223 sample grown at 855℃ is 110K. The transition temperature of the samples grown at the higher and lower than 855℃ is 80K and 55K, respectively.

전통발효식품으로부터 Chitin 분해 미생물의 분리 및 특성 규명

고보경,최인순,이상현,임채오,이성호,갈상완,최영주 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research 2004 Plant molecular biology and biotechnology research Vol.2004 No.-

A bacterial strain CJ-3 which produced chitinase was isolated from Korean traditional soy sauce. Using 16S rDNA analysis, the strain CJ-3 was identified as Bacillus atrophaeus. The approximate molecular weight of the putative chitinase enzyme was 31.0 kDa and the enzyme activity was remarkably induced by addition of colloidal chitin (0.5, 1.0, 2.0%). The antioxidant activity was increased 53% by the browning reaction products of B. atrophaeus CJ-3. Escherichia. coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO) was reduced up to 45% by the browning reaction product in RAW264.7 macrophage. Inhibition of cell viability in the presence of LPS was recovered to normal level by the browning reaction product. These results suggest that browning reaction of B. atrophaeus CJ-3 plays an important role for activation of immune system. B. atrophaeus CJ-3 exhibited optimum temperature and pH of 37℃ and pH 7.8~8.0, respectively. The major intracelluar free amino acid was determined to be glutamate.