한국에 분포되어 있는 토착대두 근류균의 질산 환원 특성

최영주,이상규,조무제,최용락,윤한대,유진창 한국콩연구회 1987 韓國콩硏究會誌 Vol.4 No.1

연속적으로 대두를 재배한 토양과 신개간지 토양에서 재배한 대두 품종 단엽의 근류로부터 토착대두 근류균 87종을 분리하고 이들을 생장속도에 따라 Bradyrhizobium japonicum((slow-grower) 및 Rhizobium fredii(fast-grower)로 분류한 결과 전자가 55종, 후자가 32 종이었다. 이두그룹의 대두 근류균을 질산염 환원특성에 따라 denitrifying fastgrower(F-1), nitrate respiring fast-grower (F-Ⅱ), denitrifying slow-grower(S-I), 및 nitrate respiring slow-grower(S-Ⅱ)로 세분 되었으며, 분리균주 총 87종중 S-Ⅰ, S-Ⅱ, F-I 및 F-Ⅱ의 수는 각각 10, 22, 48및 7종이었다. 이들 각 group 대두 근류균의 균체단백질의 전기영동 pattern상의 차이를 1차 및 2차원 전기영동으로 분석한 결과 slow및 fast-grower간에는 현저한 차이를 관찰할 수 있었으나 동일생장속도를 가진 것 중 denitrifer와 nitrate respirer간에는 큰 차이가 없었다.

은행법상 은행업무의 기능에 관한 연구

최영주 부산대학교 법학연구소 2020 법학연구 Vol.61 No.4

The Banking Act requires those who wish to run the banking business to obtain government charter and strictly prohibits unauthorized banking operations. However, the meaning of the banking business, which requires approval, and the scope of work subject to specific approval, are not clear, leaving much room for confusion. It is not easy to recognize these problems because Banking Act explicitly define the concept of “banking”. However, the recent dispute between the U.S. OCC and the state of New York over the chartering of banks for FinTech has given important implications for the enforcement of domestic Banking Act. The concept of banking business should be operated in close connection with its accreditation system, and this uncertainty in banking business is greatly undermining the functions intended by this legislation. The concept of banking can be largely divided into functions that restrict banks' work and functions that restrict unauthorized entry into the banking industry. Due to the recent changes, however, in the financial industry and the insufficiency of the domestic legal system, there have been cases in which unauthorized individuals actually operate a part of banking business and there are more and more examples which are operated by legally authorized banks but actually by unauthorized entity in terms of external appearance and economic substance. In some cases, there is much room for interpreting the bank's unique business, which is subject to approval, as being able to be run without obtaining approval. Rather than suggesting direct improvements in the overall legal system regarding these issues, this article suggests some implications that need to be reflected in policymaking, such as improving regulations on the definition of the banking business, subdividing the banking business chartering system, and considering the enactment of the Integrated Banking Act.

금융법상 제재의 실효성과 개선방안의 모색

최영주 부산대학교 법학연구소 2022 법학연구 Vol.63 No.3

Among the recent district court judgments, conflicting judgments on similar cases have emerged. This case drew public attention in that it held the bank president responsible for the sale of the overseas interest rate-linked derivative-linked fund (DLF) that occurred in 2019. Regardless of conflicting results, the sanctions imposed by the financial supervisory authority did not work at all and the respondents were appointed or reappointed as the chairman of the financial group, raising questions about the sanctions function as a means of securing the effectiveness of financial supervisory administration. It is judged in this article that the financial supervisory authorities have already prepared and promoted a drastic improvement plan in relation to sanctions in 2015, but have not yet settled systematically and practically. First of all, it was confirmed that systematic errors occurred in the process of integrating and operating sanctions under a single sanction rule, that financial companies still rely on direct sanctions against individuals, especially against employees rather than executives, and that various effects are limited in the court's judicial review stage In response to these issues, the main conclusion is that, as in the policy advocated by the supervisory authorities, more epoch-making improvements in laws and practices are needed, focusing on sanctions on institutions rather than sanctions on individuals and monetary sanctions rather than sanctions on status. In addition, sanctions against executives are particularly subject to legal disputes and, in many cases, have no effect as a result, suggesting that a supplementary measure is needed to compensate for the loss of effectiveness due to court injunctions or prolonged trials.

박물관 수장고의 장르별 규모 계획에 관한 연구

최영주,임채진 한국문화공간건축학회 2024 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.85

At this point, it is anticipated that the storage space will reach saturation in the near future. A significant number ofinstitutions are seeking to secure storage space from a mid-to-long-term perspective and find various methods under thesepredictions. As part of this, various concepts and perspectives of off-site and shared storage are being discussed. However, forsome institutions, it is difficult to independently prepare off-site storage, suggesting the need for the establishment of regionalshared storage as a new alternative for the increasing amount of relics. In order to construct shared storage, it is judged thatthe basis for the scale plan, which considers the number of relics, the amount of increase, genre classification, and storagecharacteristics based on the data collected in various regions and the attributes of relics, needs to be discussed. Despite theexistence of various storage scale planning methodologies at this point, the size of the building is calculated based on thequantity of relic scores. Four national institutions generally have 0.0072-0.0428㎡/object, and the more commonly used area perused collection of relics is 0.2㎡/object. It has been pointed out that this does not reflect the differences caused by the diversityof size, material, and attributes of museum materials, and the range of errors is excessive. From this perspective, this studybegan with the inference that differences in the properties of museum materials by genre would be more effective as anindicator of scale theory. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze two public museums in Seoul, verify thevalidity of this study, and present implications for the final plan for the scale of shared storage.

아파트 거주자의 커뮤니티센터 시설 및 프로그램 만족도 -광주광역시 아파트를 중심으로-

최영주,김미희,Choi, Young-Joo,Kim, Mi-Hee 한국주거학회 2009 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.20 No.5

The purpose of this study is to suggest the design guide-lines for the community center through the analysis of users' satisfaction on the community facilities and programs. This study was approached by using theoretical investigation, a field survey and a questionnaire survey. The field survey was analyzed the current situations by conducting a housing managers' interview and viewing a blueprint of the community center. The questionnaire survey was tested by examining five different apartment complexes of over 500 households in Gwang-ju, which were all built between 2005 and 2007, 268 users were interviewed for the questionnaire survey. After all the questionnaires were collected, the data was coded and analyzed using the SPSS 12.0 program. Statistics used from data analysis were frequencies, means, standard deviations, one-way ANOVA, t-test, and correlation analysis. To conclusion, the satisfaction and usage of community facilities and programs shows higher for the indoor exercise/sports; such as, yoga, golf, and health programs than others. There is no strong correlation between the location and layout of community facility in apartment complex. However, this study could be a reference data when planning a new community center where plans to have community facilities and programs to satisfy its future users.

금융법상 사인에 대한 징계벌의 범위와 한계

최영주 부산대학교 법학연구소 2019 법학연구 Vol.60 No.1

Financial Services Commission(FSC) published its intention to impose disciplinary actions mainly on the institutions rather than on individuals and financial penalties rather than sanctions on status, in order to improve its practice of ‘A Plan to Innovate Disciplinary Actions in Financial Area’ in 2015. FSC finished the revision of related laws and regulations by the end of 2017. Disciplinary actions on individual, however, are still being used a lot at working level and many problems remain. Some disciplinary actions are inevitable for the efficiency of financial administration when considering the characteristics of the regulated industry. But one should refrain from relying heavily on the sanctions against individual. This article pointed out that imposing sanction on individual, among the disciplinary actions used by the FSC, is not well placed legally and probable violation of human rights. Therefore, this article recommends to limit it to senior officers and abolish it against employees if it is not practicable to abolish it completely. This article also recommends to use mainly those measures on senior officers in accordance with the goals of financial supervision to improve the prudence of financial companies and exclude disqualified persons from the business of the companies, and for the FSC to impose it directly for the clarification of remedial procedure of human rights. From the perspective of regulatory authority, one may argue that it is difficult to secure the efficiency of financial administration without the sanction on individuals. It could be settled, however, if a regulatory body use tougher sanction against institution enough to restrict the violation of law and misdeeds of individuals by itself. In addition, using financial penalties may minimize the side effect of disciplinary actions against institution such as suspension of business.

Going Back to Metaphtonymy in Neologism

최영주 담화·인지언어학회 2014 담화와 인지 Vol.21 No.3

Goossens (1990) first demonstrated that metaphor and metonymy interact in a single unit, called metaphtonymy. Following the pioneering work, researchers, including Ruiz de Mendoza (1997) and Ruiz de Mendoza and Diez Velasco (2002) discovered that there are more types of conceptual complexes other than metaphtonymy, such as metaphoric amalgam and metonymic amalgam. Furthermore, Ruiz de Mendoza and Galera-Masegosa (2011) rejected three of the four metaphtonymy types Goossens suggested and argued that one more type of conceptual complexes has to be added in order to interpret phrasal verbs, namely metaphoric chains. This paper aims to investigate whether Korean and English new words exploit various types of conceptual complexes and whether any of the other types of metaphtonymy, that Ruiz de Mendoza and Diez Velasco (2002) rejected, is observed in the interpretation of the new words. The result shows that Korean and English neologisms do make use of all types of conceptual complexes and the result partly supports Goossens (1990) in that metaphor within metonymy type metaphtonymy, rejected by Ruiz de Mendoza and Galera-Masegosa (2011), is required for interpretation of new words.

한국 분주토기 연구–분포 양상과 변천과정, 고분의례과정을 통해-

최영주 호서고고학회 2018 호서고고학 Vol.0 No.40

This study reviewed the distributional pattern and the chronological changing process of Bunju potteries excavated from Korea and the funeral ritual process and the historical background from the constructive process of the ancient tomb. Bunju potteries in Korea were very popular from the late 3rd century to the early 6th century. Bunju potteries are classified as a long-necked jar style (local power), Okya-ri style (mixed), Bannam style (local power) and cylindrical Haniwa style (Japanese style). Ancient tombs where Bunju potteries were excavated turned to a square shape·a hoof shape (low Bungu)→ a square shape·a circular shape·a key hold shape(high Bungu) and Bungu became higher and bigger from the mid 5th century. It was confirmed that Bunju potteries were changed and developed from cylindrical special potteries of the midwestern region at the downstream of Geum River in Gunsan around the end of the 3rd century and they spread toward the southwest due to southern attacks by Baekje. During that time, the local power in Yeongsan River accepted long-necked jar style Bunju potteries and developed as a ritual process of ancient tombs in the process of ladder-shaped tombs. The constructive process of ancient tombs in the process of ladder-shaped tombs started from ①choosing tombs and leveling the ground, ②constructing Bungu ③constructing burial facilities, ④burying, ⑤filling up Bungu, and ⑥maintaining external facilities (long necked-jar style). Bunju potteries in the process of ladder-shaped tombs became a part of the ritual process as ancient tombs’ ornaments at the downstream of Geum River in Gunsan and it seems they were erected at the edge of Bungu during the last phase. Under the influence of Japanese style ancient tombs and civil engineering technology around the beginning of the 5th century, Bunju got higher and it showed mixed-style potteries (Okya-ri style) which were combined with Japanese Haniwa style after accepting Japan’s ancient tomb culture, and it also turned to the local style which is Bannam style after reinterpreting Japanese Haniwa style. The constructive process of high tombs are basically similar with ladder-shaped tombs’ one but Bungu expanded vertically repeats the process of ②∼⑥ and completed squared-shaped tombs follow the previous step one time. After the late 5th century, introducing Janggo-shaped tombs which are Japanese burials and Kyushu-styled stone chamber tombs, Japanese ancient tomb culture was popular, of that, cylindrical Haniwa styled Bunju potteries were installed along the edge of Bungu at regular distance as ancient tombs’ ornaments. The construction of stone chamber tombs progressed from building Bungu and burial structures (stone chamber style) at the same time and these are different from ladder-shaped tombs but same that Bunju potteries were installed at the last phase. In this way, Bunju potteries were changed and developed to various styles in the process of introducing Japanese ancient tomb culture by the local power in Yeongsan River. It is understood that Bunju potteries appeared as a by-product of a social strategy that the local power in Yeongsan River searched for changes regarding the rationalization of the domination and cultural identities. 한반도 출토 분주토기의 분포양상과 시기적인 변천과정, 고분축조과정에서 나타난 장제의례과정과 시대적인 배경에 대해서 살펴보았다. 한반도에서 분주토기는 3세기 말에서 6세기 전엽까지 성행하였다. 분주토기는 장경호형(재지), 옥야리형(복합), 반남형(재지화), 원통하니와계(왜계)로 분류된다. 분주토기 출토고분은 방형·제형(低분구)→방(대)형·원(대)형·장고형(高분구)으로 변화하며, 5세기 중엽경부터 분구는 고대화된다. 분주토기는 3세기 말경에 금강 하류 군산지역권에서 중서부지역의 원통형 특수토기를 변용·발전시켜 완성된 형태로 확인되며, 백제의 남방 공략으로 인해 남서쪽으로 확산되었다. 그 사이에 영산강유역 재지세력은 장경호형 분주토기를 수용하여 제형분 단계에 고분의례과정의 하나로서 발달시켰다. 제형분 단계 고분축조과정은 ①묘역 선정 및 정지 작업→②분구 축조→③매장시설 구축→④매장 행위→⑤분구 성토→⑥외부시설의 정비(장경호형) 순으로 이루어진다. 제형분 단계의 분주토기는 금강 하류 군산지역에서 고분의 장식물로서 의례과정의 일부분이 되었고, 마지막 단계에 분구 가장자리에 세워진 것으로 보인다. 5세기 전반경 왜계고분과 백제 토목기술의 영향으로 인해 5세기 중엽경에 분구는 고총화되고, 왜계의 고분문화를 수용하면서 왜계 하니와와 결합한 복합형(옥야리형)이 출현하였으며, 왜계 하니와를 재해석하여 반남형으로 재지화하기도 하였다. 고총화 단계의 고분 축조과정은 기본적으로 제형분 단계의 고분 축조과정과 비슷하지만 수직으로 확장된 분구는 ②∼⑥ 절차가 반복되며, 완성형 방대형고분은 앞의 절차를 1회로 마무리되었다. 5세기 후엽이후로는 왜계 묘제인 장고분과 큐슈계석실의 도입으로 왜계 고분문화가 성행하게 되는데, 그 중 원통하니와계 분주토기가 고분 장식물로 분구 가장자리를 따라 일정한 간격을 두고 설치되었다. 석실분 단계의 고분축조과정은 분구 축조와 매장주체시설(횡혈식) 구축이 동시에 이루어지는 점이 제형분 단계와 다르지만 분주토기가 마지막에 설치된 점은 같다. 이처럼 분주토기는 영산강유역 재지세력이 적극적으로 왜계 고분문화를 도입하는 과정에서 다양한 형태로 변화하면서 발달하였다. 분주토기는 영산강유역 재지세력이 지배의 합리화, 문화적 정체성에 대한 변화를 모색하기 위한 사회적 전략의 부산물로 나타난 것으로 이해된다.

韓半島南西部地域倭系 橫穴式石室의 特徵과 出現背景

최영주 호서고고학회 2017 호서고고학 Vol.0 No.38

This thesis investigated the Japanese style stone-chamber tomb in the southwestern region of the Korean Peninsula to determine the character of the people who led the burial along with their emerging backgrounds, through the structural features and burial methods used by them. The stone-chamber tombs are divided into three styles, Japanese, Baekje and mixed styles, where the Japanese style appeared first followed by Baekje and then mixed style. The Japanese style is divided into Northern Kyushu style (Josan, Wolgye, Janggobong) and Higo style (Yeongcheonri), and the reason for these various styles is due to the tombs not being subjected to standardized strong regulations at the time. People who lead the burial actively accepted the stone-tomb structures of Japanese and Baekje but they accommodated the styles into various forms according to their local characteristics. Even though the local style of the stone tomb was influenced by the Japanese and Baekje styles, use of wooden and jar coffins indicates there is a high possibility that the tomb owners were local people as these methods follows the local customs of locking coffins with their multiple grave goods. The Japanese style consists of a box-typed (no covering stone) and a stone house-typed stone coffins. They seem to be influenced by the Kyusyu region’s opened coffin which implies that the tomb owners were Japanese. The tomb’s structure of the Baekje style used Baekje style stone pagoda and the use of wooden coffins suggests that this was used by Baekje people. In ancient tombs, stone chamber tombs as the new burial facilities were introduced but even though the structural diversity and Japanese’s burial methods (opened coffin) were accepted, the traditional burial methods still remained. Through these characteristics, the local gentry in the southwestern region showed a certain amount of its identity that did not come into conflict with Japan and was not subordinated by the ruling power. Therefore, it is believed that the Japanese style stone-chamber tomb was positively accepted in the southwestern region for securing internal competitiveness of the regional power as a sign of centric regions and to encourage good relations on the main trade routes. 한반도 남서부지역 왜계 횡혈식석실의 구조적인 특징과 매장방법을 통해 매장주체의 성격을 파악하고 그 출현배경에 대해서 살펴보았다. 횡혈식석실은 왜계와 백제계, 복합형으로 구분되며, 가장 먼저왜계 석실이 등장하고, 백제계, 복합형이 출현한다. 왜계 석실은 북부큐슈형(조산식·월계동식·장고봉식)과 히고형(영천리식)으로 구분되는데, 이처럼 다양한 석실 구조를 보이는 것은 강력한 규제에 의한규격화가 이루어지지 않았기 때문이다. 고분의 매장주체는 재지세력이 주도적으로 왜계와 백제계의 석실구조를 수용하면서도 재지의 특성에 따라 다양한 형태로 변이가 이루어졌다. 「재지계」는 석실 구조가 왜계와 백제계의 영향도 있지만, 목관과 옹관을 사용한 것은 모두「가두는 관」의 전통을 따르고 있고, 부장품의 계통이 다원적이어서 피장자는 재지인일 가능성이 높다. 「왜계」는 석실 구조와 함께 큐슈지역의「열린 관」의 영향을 받은 상식석관(개석 없음)과 석옥형석관의 존재로 왜인으로 추정된다. 「백제계」는 석실 구조가 백제계이며, 목관을 사용하는 점에서 백제인으로추정된다. 이렇듯 고분에 새로운 매장시설인 횡혈식석실이 도입되지만 구조적 다양성과 왜계의 매장방법「( 열린 관」)을 수용하면서도 전통적인매장방법「( 가두는 관」, 연도 제사, 다장 풍습)이 지속되고 있다. 이러한 특징을 통해 남서부지역의 재지세력들은 어느 정도의 독자성을보이면서 백제와 왜 왕권에 완전히 종속적이지 않았고 대립적이지도않았다. 따라서 왜계 횡혈식석실은 남서부지역에서 재지세력의 내부경쟁력 확보와 주요 교역루트 상의 거점지역 표식물이면서 우호적인관계를 위해 적극적으로 수용된 것으로 추측된다

함평지역 마한 정치체의 성장과 변동과정

최영주 호서고고학회 2020 호서고고학 Vol.0 No.47

This study looked at the growth and change process of Mahan political body through ancient tombs in Hampyeong area. The tombs of the Hampyeong region appeared around the lower Hampyeong stream and upper Gomakwon stream in the 3rd century. The ancient tombs were formalized from round square tombs (irregular style) to trapezoidal tombs and burial facilities also were changed from a wooden tomb to jar coffin tombs, expanding the mounded burial horizontally. In the process of growing into a small Mahan country, the political body in the Hampyeong area formalized the mounded burial (trapezoidal tombs) and established the identity of Mahan by adopting a new store facility, the jar coffin. In addition, the Mahan forces in the Hampyeong region wanted to grow through the inflow of advanced culture. At the stage of the ancient tomb with a gigantic mound, there were new types such as square mounded tombs and keyhole-shaped tombs in the upper Hampyeong stream and Gomakwon stream, and stone chamber tombs with the tunnel entrance were used as burial facilities. The upper Hampyeong stream actively introduced Wae's tomb culture through coastal routes of Hampyeong Bay, and in the process, local groups became political forces. In the lower Hampyeong stream, Masan-ri No. 1 (keyhole-shaped tombs) was built, and the local group became a political power. The upper Gomakwon stream has become a political power by actively introducing the ancient tomb culture of Wae and Baekje. In this way, the political body in Hampyeong region seems to have strengthened the control of the region through the relationship with Baekje while actively introducing the culture of Wae's tombs. And at the same time, it is understood that local politics secured the cultural independence in the relationship between Baekje and Wae. At the Baekje's stone chamber tomb stage, tombs were concentrated in the lower Hampyeong stream and the upper Gomakwon stream with the circular style, and the burial facilities were Sabi period's stone chambers. Looking at the density of tombs and tombs built after keyhole-shaped tombs, the central forces in the Hampyeong area during Sabi period were in the upper Gomakwon stream and the lower Hampyeong stream (Masanri ancient tombs). In particular, it is understood that various Sabi period's stone chambers found in Hakseongri ancient tombs and Seokgye tombs and located in the upper Gomakwon stream, appeared as a countermeasure against the process of being Baekje. 함평지역 고분의 변천과정을 통해 마한 정치체의 성장과 변동과정을 살펴보았다. 함평지역의 고분은 3세기대에 함평천 하류와 고막원천 상류를 중심으로 등장한다. 고분은 말각방형(부정형)에서 제형분으로 정형화되며, 매장시설도 목관묘에서 옹관묘와 병행하는 형태로 변화하면서 분구는 수평으로 확장된다. 함평지역의 정치체는 마한 소국으로 성장하는 과정에 분구묘(제형분)로 정형화하고 새로운 매장시설인 옹관 채택을 통해 마한의 정체성을 확립하였다. 또한 함평지역 마한세력은 선진문물의 유입을 통해 성장의 동력을 얻고자 하였다. 고총고분 단계에는 함평천유역과 고막원천 상류에 방대형과 장고형 등의 새로운 분형이 등장하고 매장시설은 횡혈식석실이 사용된다. 함평천 상류는 함평만을 통한 연안항로를 통해 왜계 고분문화를 적극적으로 도입하는 과정에서 지역의 집단은 정치세력화가 되었다. 함평천 하류지역은 마산리 1호분(장고분)을 축조함으로서 지역의 집단도 정치세력화가 되었다. 고막원천 상류지역은 왜계 고분문화와 백제계 고분문화를 적극적으로 도입하면서 정치세력화하였다. 이렇듯 함평지역 정치체는 성장의 동력으로 왜계 고분문화를 적극적으로 도입한 동시에 백제와의 관계를 통해 지역의 통제력을 강화한 것으로 보이며, 지역 정치체는 백제와 왜의 관계 속에서 문화적 독자성을 확보했던 것으로 이해된다. 백제석실분 단계에는 함평천 하류와 고막원천 상류일대에 집중되며, 분형은 원형으로 매장시설은 사비기 석실이 사용된다. 사비기 함평지역의 중심세력은 고분의 밀집도와 장고분 이후에 축조된 고분군 등을 통해서 보면 고막원천 상류지역과 함평천 하류지역(마산리고분군)이 해당한다. 특히 고막원천 상류의 학성리고분군이나 석계고분군 등에서 보인 다양한 사비기 석실의 구조와 의관제를 통해 재지의 유력세력이 백제화되는 과정에 대한 대응전략으로 나타난 것으로 이해된다.