Temporal trends and in-hospital outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in nonagenarians with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

( Joon Young Kim ),( Myung Ho Jeong ),( Yong Woo Choi ),( Yong Keun Ahn ),( Shung Chull Chae ),( Seung Ho Hur ),( Taek Jong Hong ),( Young Jo Kim ),( In Whan Seong ),( In Ho Chae ),( Myeong Chan Cho ) 대한내과학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.30 No.6

Background/Aims: Data regarding the outcomes of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in nonagenarians are very limited. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the temporal trends and in-hospital outcomes of primary PCI in nonagenarian STEMI patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR) from November 2005 to January 2008, and from the Korea Working Group on Myocardial Infarction (KorMI) from February 2008 to May 2010. Results: During this period, the proportion of nonagenarians among STEMI patients more than doubled (0.59% in KAMIR vs. 1.35% in KorMI), and the rate of use of primary PCI also increased (from 62.5% in KAMIR to 81.0% in KorMI). We identified 84 eligible study patients for which the overall in-hospital mortality rate was 21.4% (25.0% in KAMIR vs. 20.3% in KorMI, p = 0.919). Multivariate analysis identified two independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, namely a final Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow < 3 (odds ratio [OR], 13.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.2 to 59.0; p < 0.001) and cardiogenic shock during hospitalization (OR, 6.7; 95% CI, 1.5 to 30.3; p = 0.013). Conclusions: The number of nonagenarian STEMI patients who have undergone primary PCI has increased. Although a final TIMI flow < 3 and cardiogenic shock are independent predictors of in-hospital mortality, primary PCI can be performed with a high success rate and an acceptable in-hospital mortality rate.

Encapsulation of Various Guests by an Anionic In-Metal–Organic Framework Containing Tritopic BTB Ligand: Crystal Structure of Reichardt’s Dye Captured in an In-Metal–Organic Framework

Cho, Eun-Young,Gu, Ja-Min,Choi, In-Hwan,Kim, Wan-Seok,Hwang, Yong-Kyung,Huh, Seong,Kim, Sung-Jin,Kim, Youngmee The American Chemical Society 2014 CRYSTAL GROWTH AND DESIGN Vol.14 No.10

<P>The reaction between 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (H<SUB>3</SUB>BTB) and In(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> hydrate in diethylformamide yielded a new In<SUP>III</SUP>-metal-organic framework, [(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>3</SUB>[In<SUB>3</SUB>(BTB)<SUB>4</SUB>]·10DEF·14H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>I</B>). The countercation and solvent-free doubly interpenetrated <B>I</B> potentially contains 71.0% of solvent accessible void. Although the framework of <B>I</B> was not stable enough to maintain its original structure when the solvent molecules were removed, the as-prepared <B>I</B> was found to be a very good sorbent for acridine orange hydrochloride, a large Reichardt’s dye, and hydrophobic iodine molecule in solution. The as-prepared <B>I</B> exhibited increased uptake amount in the order of Reichardt’s dye > acridine orange hydrochloride > iodine. The largest uptake of the bulky Reichardt’s dye by <B>I</B> could be attributed to the optimized structural fitting of Reichardt’s dye into the large three-dimensional void space of <B>I</B>. The structure of Reichardt’s dye-encapsulated <B>I_RD</B> was unambiguously revealed by X-ray crystallography for the first time.</P><P>Thermal reaction between the tritopic ligand, 1,3,5-benzenetribenzoic acid (H<SUB>3</SUB>BTB), and In(NO<SUB>3</SUB>)<SUB>3</SUB> hydrate in diethylformamide yielded colorless crystals formulated as [(CH<SUB>3</SUB>CH<SUB>2</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>NH<SUB>2</SUB>]<SUB>3</SUB>[In<SUB>3</SUB>(BTB)<SUB>4</SUB>]·10DEF·14H<SUB>2</SUB>O (<B>I</B>). The as-prepared <B>I</B> was found to be a good sorbent material for positively charged acridine orange, a large Reichardt’s dye, and hydrophobic iodine molecule in solution.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/cgdefu/2014/cgdefu.2014.14.issue-10/cg5005837/production/images/medium/cg-2014-005837_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/cg5005837'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

안무저작권 보호를 위한 법 규정 및 등록 프로세스 개선 방안 연구

조영인(Young-In Cho) 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2018 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.12 No.7

하나의 거대한 산업의 수단이 된 문화는 최근 들어 우리시대의 경제사회적인 측면에서 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있다. 전 세계적으로 연극이나 뮤지컬, 전시, 공연 등 다양한 장르의 예술 활동이 국경을 넘나들면서, 관객의 실제 수요의 급격한 증가와 함께 문화의 경제적 부가 가치도 증폭되고 있다. 따라서 예술에 대한 법적 보호는 더욱 중요해지고 있는 만큼, 과거에 비해 많은 예술가들의 창작물들이 법적보호를 받고 있다. 그러나 흥행에 비례하여 관심이 증가되는 대중음악, 영화, 소설 등의 분야와 마찬가지로 음원저작물과 시나리오, 출판물 등 이른바 인기있는 장르의 예술에만 법적보호가 집중되고 있는 실정이다. 여기에 K-POP 스타들의 활약으로 대중음악의 인기와 더불어 개별 음악에 포함된 안무까지도 대중화, 상업화가 되고 있고, 최근에는 세계적인 공연이나 뮤지컬공연들이 더 빈번하게 내한하여 관객동원에 성공하면서 극중 안무의 역할과 비중은 더욱 커져가고 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 극중 안무가의 창작활동에 대한 법적보호는 아직 독립적이지도 않으며 자세하게 논의조차 되지 않고 있다. 이를 개선하기 위해서 우선 안무분야의 정의를 새롭게 정리한 다음, 무용 및 춤과의 영역 구분이 불분명한 안무저작물의 저작권 등록이 체계적으로 이루어질 수 있도록 관련 법 규정을 수정함으로써 안무 창작자들이 자신의 작품에 대하여 법적보호를 받을 수 있도록 해야 하는 움직임이 선행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다. 안무저작물 등록 및 그와 관련된 제도적 장치가 향후에 일어날 수도 있는 저작권 시비에 대해 중요한 기준이 된다면, 안무 창작자들의 창작활동이 공정하게 보호받고 창작자들의 권리가 존중될 수 있으며, 더 나아가 창작자들이 안심하고 더 활발하게 창작활동을 할 수 있는 토대가 완성될 것으로 기대된다. Culture, having become a large method of industry, recently is acting a pivotal role in regards to the socio-economic aspects of our age. Plays, musicals, exhibitions, shows and other various genres of artistic activities worldwide are crossing borders, with actual demand of audience rapidly increasing and the economic added value of culture amplifying. Hence with legal protection of art is becoming more paramount, more creative works of artists are being protected under law compared to the past. However, in proportion to sale records, areas with increasing attention such as music works, scenarios, published works along with pop music, films, and novels, the so-called popular genres of art, are currently being the focus of legal protection. Furthermore with the success of K-POP stars along with the popularity of pop music, choreography included in individual music is also becoming popularized and commercialized, with recent world class shows or musical performances visiting Korea and succeeding in audience mobilization more constantly rendering the role and importance of in-play choreography greater. However, the legal protection of creative works of in-play choreographers are still not independent and not even discussed in depth. In order to improve this, it is understood that first there needs to be a newly organized definition in the fields of choreography, and then the related provision must be edited for the copyright registration of choreography works, which lack clear classification of areas between choreography and dance, to be systematically registered, in order for choreography creators to have legal protection over their works. If registration of choreography works and related institutional mechanisms become a vital standard in potential quarrels regarding copyright issues, the creative works of choreography creators can be protected fairly and their rights can be respected, and furthermore it is expected to complete the basis for creators to feel safe enough to more actively engage in creative works.

Rat의 복강내에 투여한 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid 제형이 장기에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

강대영,송규상,최정목,노승무,정경수,오정연,김진향,양준묵,최선웅,이진호,조준식,민병무,김용백,김창식,박근성,김승영,김학용,인현빈 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1998 충남의대잡지 Vol.25 No.1

For more effective intraperitoneal chemotherapy, the authers made 5-fluorouracil-polyglycolic acid composite disks(FU-PGA disks) with 5-fluorouracil and polyglycolic acid, a biodegradable polymer. We inserted the FU-PGA disk into the peritoneal cavites of Sprague-Dawley male rats, the control and three experimental groups; one FU-PGA disk insert group(300mg/kg), two FU-PGA disk insert group(600mg/kg), and three FU-PGA disk insert group(900mg/kg). The control group received a similar number of PGA disk inserts. A pharmacokinetic study was performed to measure the 5-fluorouracil concentration in the peritoneal fluid, blood, and tissues(liver, kidney and heart) at 24 hours, 72hours and 168 hours after insertion of the FU-PGA disk. Light and electron microscopic studies were done. The results were as follows: 1) The number of white blood cells and platelets decreased after FU-PGA insertion. The degree was proportional to the duration and amounts inserted. The change in the number of red blood cells varied slightly. 2) Light microscopically, slight changes were noted at 168 hours in the 3 disk insert group (900mg/kg). Mild fatty change and hepatocyte degeneration around the central veins of the liver were noted, with vacuolar degeneration in the proximal convoluted tubules of the kidney. 3) Electron microscopically,the liver showed focal increases of lipid droplets in the hepatocytes, and irregular nuclear membrane with focal nucleolar segregation of the fibrillar and granular elements. Also the double membranous structure of the hepatocytes and Kupffer cells was widened with bleb formation. The kidney showed wide separation of the nuclear double membrane in the proximal convoluted tubular cells and mesangial cells, with vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the proximal convoluted tubular cells, at 72 hours and 168 hours in the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. The heart showed focal loss of cristae,vacuolation and myelin figure formation in the mitochondria of the 2 to 3 FU-PGA insert groups. In conclusion, despite the large amont of FU-PGA inserted, the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney and heart were slight, and consonant with the very low amount of 5-fluorouracil concentrations detected in the liver, kidney and heart. The above results suggest that the FU-PGA composite can serve as a new device for releasing drugs in a controlled manner and easily targeted to intraperitoneal organs. This device can improve the efficacy of intraperitoneal chemotherapy for gastric cancer.

Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate is an Independent Predictor of In-Hospital Mortality in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Kim, Joon Young,Jeong, Myung Ho,Ahn, Yong Keun,Moon, Jae Hyun,Chae, Shung Chull,Hur, Seung Ho,Hong, Taek Jong,Kim, Young Jo,Seong, In Whan,Chae, In Ho,Cho, Myeong Chan,Kim, Chong Jin,Jang, Yang Soo,Yo The Korean Society of Cardiology 2011 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.41 No.4

<P><B>Background and Objectives</B></P><P>Patients with renal dysfunction (RD) experience worse prognosis after myocardial infarction (MI). The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of admission estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on clinical outcomes of patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI).</P><P><B>Subjects and Methods</B></P><P>We retrospectively evaluated 4,542 eligible patients from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry (KAMIR). Patients were divided into three groups according to eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m<SUP>2</SUP>): normal renal function (RF) group (eGFR ≥60, n=3,515), moderate RD group (eGFR between 30 to 59, n=894) and severe RD group (eGFR <30, n=133). Baseline characteristics, angiographic and procedural results, and in-hospital outcomes between the three groups were compared.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>Age, gender, Killip class ≥3, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, peak creatine kinase-MB, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, B-type natriuretic peptide, left ventricle ejection fraction, multivessel disease, infarct-related artery and rate of successful PCI were significantly different between the 3 groups (p<0.05). With decline in RF, in-hospital complications developed with an increasing frequency (14.1% vs. 31.8% vs. 45.5%, p<0.0001). In-hospital mortality rate was significantly higher in the moderate and severe RD groups as compared to the normal RF group (2.3% vs. 13.9% vs. 25.6%, p<0.0001). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, adjusted odds ratio for in-hospital mortality was 2.67 {95% confidence interval (CI) 1.44-4.93, p=0.002} in the moderate RD group, and 4.09 (95% CI 1.48-11.28, p=0.006) in the severe RD group as compared to the normal RF group.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Decreased admission eGFR was associated with worse clinical courses and it was an independent predictor of in-hospital mortality in STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI.</P>

그레이브스병에서 치료에 따른 폐동맥압의 변화

남택만,조한수,이진서,송영림,김두만,두영철,박철영,정인경,홍은경,이성진,오기원,김현규,유재명,최문기,유형준,박성우 대한내분비학회 2003 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.18 No.5

연구배경: 갑상선기능항진증에 의한 갑상선중독증 환자들은 호흡곤란을 호소하며, 그 원인으로 호흡근의 근력 약화, 좌심실부전으로 인한 폐모세혈관의 울혈, 기도저항의 증가, 갑상선종으로 인한 기관의 압박, 호흡기능 이상 등이 거론되고 있다. 폐동맥고혈압이 동반된 그레이브스병 환자가 여러 증례가 보고되었으며, 폐동맥고혈압 환자에게서 갑상선 자가항체와 갑상선기능저하증의 빈도가 높음이 알려지면서 갑상선중독증이 동반된 그레이브스병 환자에게서 관찰되는 호흡곤란의 한 원인으로 폐동맥압 증가가 작용할 가능성이 제시되고 있다. 이에 저자 등은 그레이브스병 환자를 대상으로 폐동맥압을 측정하고 치료 전후의 폐동맥압의 변화를 전향적으로 연구하였다. 방법: 갑상선중독증이 동반된 그레이브스병 환자와 정상 갑상선기능을 나타낸 대조군을 대상으로 갑상선기능검사 및 갑상선 자가항체를 측정하고, 심초음파를 이용하여 치료 전후로 폐동맥압을 측정하여 폐동맥압과 갑상선기능 및 갑상선 자가항체와의 관계, 폐동맥압의 변화 등을 관찰하였다. 결과: 1. 연구대상은 대조군 10명 (남녀비 1:9, 관해 상태의 그레이브스병 3명, 갑상선종 3명, 정상인 4명), 그레이브스병 환자 26명 (남녀비 7:19)이었다. 2. 대조군과 치료 전 그레이브스병 환자의 폐동맥압은 각각 23.5±2.32 mmHg, 29.6±10.3 mmHg이었고, 치료 전의 폐동맥압과 혈청 갑상선자극호르몬 결합억제 면역글로불린 (TBII) 농도는 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 3. 26명의 그레이브스병 환자 중에서 10명 (38.5%)이 폐동맥고혈압 (기준: 폐동맥압 > 30 mmHg)으로 진단되었다. 4. 치료 전후로 폐동맥압을 측정한 13명은 폐동맥압이 치료 전 29.6±10.3 mmHg에서 치료 후 폐동맥압 22.2±6.48 mmHg로 의미있게 감소하였다. 결론: 갑상선중독증을 보이는 그레이브스병 환자의 약 40% 정도에서 폐동맥고혈압이 발견되어 폐동맥고 혈압은 그레이브스병에 흔하게 동반하는 질환으로 생각된다. 향후 그레이브스병 환자에서 관찰되는 폐동맥압의 증가와 관련한 병인, 발생기전 및 임상적 의의 등에 대한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다. Background: Exertional symptoms, dyspnea and impaired effort tolerance are common in patients with Graves' disease. Proposed explanations include: high-output left heart failure, ineffective oxygen utilization and respiratory muscle weakness. In addition, pulmonary hypertension has also been reported in patients with Graves' disease. A high prevalence of hypothyroidism and positive thyroid autoantibody were also observed in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Therefore, the pulmonary artery pressure in patients with Graves' disease was evaluated. Methods: Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic examinations (Hewlett Packard Sonos 2500) were performed to determine the pulmonary artery (PA) pressure in 26 Graves' disease patients, both before and after treatment (23 patients with propylthiouracil and 3 with RAI), and in 10 euthyroid controls. The changes in the PA pressure after treatment were evaluated in 13 patients with Graves' disease, who became euthyroid after treatment. Results: The pulmonary artery pressure was increased in the untreated Graves' disease patients compared to the normal controls (23.5±2.32 vs. 29.6±10.3 mmHg). 38.5% of the Graves' disease patients (10/26) showed pulmonary arterial hypertension (PA>30 mmHg) and the serum TBII level was higher in the Graves' disease patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension than in those with normal PA pressure (P<0.05). In the Graves' patients who became euthyroid after treatment, the PA pressure was significantly decreased. Conclusion: 38.5% of the untreated Graves' disease patients showed pulmonary arterial hypertension, and the pulmonary artery pressure was significantly decreased in those who became euthyroid after treatment. The pathogenesis and clinical importance of pulmonary arterial hypertension in Graves' disease requires further studies (J Kor Soc Endocrinol 18:465∼472, 2003).

Suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha normalizes the glucolipotoxicity-induced decreased BETA2/NeuroD gene transcription and improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats.

Kim, Ji-Won,You, Young-Hye,Ham, Dong-Sik,Cho, Jae-Hyoung,Ko, Seung-Hyun,Song, Ki-Ho,Son, Ho-Young,Suh-Kim, Haeyoung,Lee, In-Kyu,Yoon, Kun-Ho Association for the Study of Internal Secretions 2009 Endocrinology Vol.150 No.9

<P>Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) is significantly elevated in the islets of animal models of diabetes. However, the molecular mechanism has not been clarified. We investigated whether the suppression of PGC-1alpha expression protects against beta-cell dysfunction in vivo and determined the mechanism of action of PGC-1alpha in beta-cells. The studies were performed in glucolipotixicity-induced primary rat islets and INS-1 cells. In vitro and in vivo approaches using adenoviruses were used to evaluate the role of PGC-1alpha in glucolipotoxicity-associated beta-cell dysfunction. The expression of PGC-1alpha in cultured beta-cells increased gradually with glucolipotoxicity. The overexpression of PGC-1alpha also suppressed the expression of the insulin and beta-cell E-box transcription factor (BETA2/NeuroD) genes, which was reversed by PGC-1alpha small interfering RNA (siRNA). BETA2/NeuroD, p300-enhanced BETA2/NeuroD, and insulin transcriptional activities were significantly suppressed by Ad-PGC-1alpha but were rescued by Ad-siPGC-1alpha. PGC-1alpha binding at the glucocorticoid receptor site on the BETA2/NeuroD promoter increased in the presence of PGC-1alpha. Ad-siPGC-1alpha injection through the celiac arteries of 90% pancreatectomized diabetic rats improved their glucose tolerance and maintained their fasting insulin levels. The suppression of PGC-1alpha expression protects the glucolipotoxicity-induced beta-cell dysfunction in vivo and in vitro. A better understanding of the functions of molecules such as PGC-1alpha, which play key roles in intracellular fuel regulation, could herald a new era of the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by providing protection from glucolipotoxicity, which is an important cause of the development and progression of the disease.</P>

혈액투석시 Double Lumen Silicone Rubber Catheter ( = Permcath ) 사용의 임상적 경험

차대룡(Dae Ryong Cha),김선숙(Sun Sook Kim),이영호(Young Ho Lee),권영주(Young Joo Kwon),조원용(Won Yong Cho),김형규(Hyoung Kyu Kim),선경(Kung Sun),김정숙(Jung Sook Kim),함인귀(In Gui Ham),김미경(Mi Kyung Kim) 대한내과학회 1994 대한내과학회지 Vol.46 No.4

N/A Background: Repeated, long-term access of the vascular system is a prerequisite for successful extended care of the patients with end stage renal disease (=ESRD) treated with hemodialysis. Despite recent technical advances in percutaneous venous cannulation, vascular access remains a major problem in patients requiring acute Hemodialysis. Although the subclavian cannula has gained a large clinical acceptance in recent years, it carries specific risks such as hemothorax, pneumothorax, venus stenosis, thrombus formation and infection. Recently, a double-lumen, central venous catheter made of Silicone Rubber (=Perm cath) has developed for use as a vascular access device, This device is particularly useful in patients who have exhausted other vascular access sites or who have severe cardiovascular disease. Methods: A total of 23 dual-lumen silicone rubber catheters were placed through the internal jugular vein in 23 patients as a vascular access at our institution during the period of April, 1992 through November, 1992. The perm-cath (Hemocath, Quinton, Seattle) is 36 Cm long and each lumen has an internal diameter of 2 mm. Implantation of the catheters occurred in the operating room and under strict aseptic conditions through the right internal jugular vein. A 10 cm subcutaneous tunnel was then created, which extended from the in-cison to a point 2 cm above the ipsilateral clavicle. The catheter was passed out through the upper portion of the subcutaneous tunnel with the Dacron cuff placed 2 cm from the lower end of the tunnel, acting as both an anchor and a barrier to infection. The tip of the catheter was inserted through an internal jngular vein terminating in the right atrium under EKG monitoring. Each lumen of the catheter was filled with 1000 units of heparin sodium (1.5 ml in venous line, 1.5 ml in arterial line) and capped. Results : The mean duration of catheter use was 24±16 days (8 to 119 days), and the complication of perm-cath occurred in 3 cases such as venous thrombosis in 1 case, catheter exit site infection in 1 case, and exit site hematoma in 1 case. During hemodialysis, blood flow rate ranged from 190 to 313ml/min (mean:235±26ml/ min), and venous retrun pressure ranged from 20 to 150 mmHg(mean:65±16mmHg). Total 14 catheters were removed during treatment and the causes of catheter removal were patient death in 8 cases, venous thrombosis 1, recovery from acute rena1 failure 2, fistula maturation 2, infection 1. Conclusion: Internal jugular vein cannulation with silastic catheter which offers a new percutaneous method was provided safe and reliable as the temporary central vein access. The catheters are well tolerated by the patients and have the advantages of immediate use after placement, high blood flow rates, no repetitive venipuncture, and no cardiac dysfunction. Permcath is particulary useful in patients who have exhausted other vascular access site, severe cardiovascular disease, and terrified by repetitive venipuncture. Though our initial experience has been favorable, there will be needed to evaluate the outcome of permcath over longer period of time.

생약 및 생약(한방)제제의 품질평가에 관한 연구(Ⅰ) : 기기분석법에 의한 길경의 지표성분탐색 Studies on the standard for standardization of Platycodon Root using the instrumental analysis

조정희,김도훈,오미현,강인호,심영훈,김은경,조창희,지선경,원도희,김영중,문영희 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

튿은 도라지 ,PfgfycodoH gian겉친orum A. De Candole 의 뿌리 또는 주피를 제거한 것으로 한방 제제에서 분즈파뼘 및 트늦촛랸 등의 효능으로 널리 사용되는 한약재이다. 현재 길경 함유 제제는 방풍통성산, 오적산 등 100꺽'품목치 허가되어 있으며 약전규격시험으로는 확인시험, 회분 및 엑스함량이 설정되어 있으나, 함랸시험은 설정되어 있지 않다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 생약 및 생약제제(한방제제) 의 품질규격화를 위하여 국내, 중국 및 일본 길경 유통품 30종을 확보하여 형래즉적 감별 및 약전규격 시험을 실시하였고, TLC법에 의한 확인시험법과 지표성분을 이용한 기기분석법에 의한 항량시험법을 확립하였다. 약전규격시끌으로서 회분, 엑스함량을 시험한 결과 회분은 1.4~4.0% (기준 : 4.0% 이하)이며 엑스함량은 쪼.3~T4.4% (기준 :25.0% 이상)으로 모두 적합하였다. 확인시험법을 검토한 결과 메탄올추출액을 흡착제 : Silicagel 9el GF2%, 전개용매 .클로로포름 ·메탄을 ·물 (6 :4 : 1), 발색제 : 10% 알코올성황산시액의 초건으로 박층크로마토그래프법에 파라 시험하였을 때 표준품 및 각 원료에서 가장 좋은 패턴을 나타내어 확인시험법으로 가장 적합하였다 함량시험의 경우 지표물질로 platycodin D에 대해 검토한_켤과 HPLC법으로는 피크의 검출이 용이하지 않았으며, HPTLC법에 따라 시험했을패 흡착제 .옥타데실실릴화한 실리카겔, 전개용매 :물 ·메탄을 sodium dodecyl sulfate (20 · 20 : 0.5), 발색제 : 10% 에탄올섣황산시액, 검출파장 : 450nm의 조건에서 최적의 결과를 나타내었다. 각 즌역별 유통품 30종에 대하여 platycodin D 함량을 측정한 결과는 0.48~l,24%(0.79±0.20%)이었고, 또한 길경단미엑스, 방풍통성삯, 오적산, 패독산, 인삼패독산 및 삼소음 등 길경함유제제 중 plat)·codin D의 추출이행률을 검토한 결과 45.g~93.2%(보.2±17.8%)의 추출이행률을 나타내었다. 본 시험법으로 시판되는 길경함유제제인 형개연교탕, 인삼패독산 제제즉 대해 시험한 결과 0.18~l,24%를 나타내어 제제에서도 적용가능할 것으로 사료되었다. This study carried out the standardization and quality control of Platycodon Root. It is osed in traditional meacines to relieve diarrhea, constipation, bloating, low energyIrveas, and damage from parasites. Also it is used for its expectorant qualities to dilate thebronchii. Platycodon Root contains vafous compounds of saponins such as platycodin A, B,0,D2, D3, polygalacln D, f:』 and platycodigenin, phytosterol such as α -spinasteroT, o -spinasterolglucoside, sfigmasta-7-fnol and inulin as polysaccharide. In this study, the contents ofplatycodin D as a standard compound are 0.48~l.24% with 30 samples collected from diflerentareas. Total ash content of Platycodon Root samples Is 1.4 ~4.0% and EtOH ertrac4 content is25.3 ~34.4%. The identification method was evaluated by TLC and quantitative method byHPTLC for Platycodon Roo'4. The proper conditions of 7LC were , absorbent : Silicagel gelGp2s4, solvent : chloroform · afeOH · HaO (6 : 4 : 1), spraying reagent : 10% HBSOf. To fuautifyPlatycodon Root, HPTLC me·thed was applied and the optimal analytical conditions of HPTLCwere as follows , absorbent : Cls, solvent : H2O · hfeOH · sDs (20.20 : 0.5), spraying reagent :10% H2s04, used wavelengtil : 450nm. The availability of platycodin D in water extract ofPlatycodon Root preparations was 45.9 ~93.2% and the contents of platyrodin D in PlatycodonRoot preparations in market such af In-sam-par-dok~ san and Hyung-kye- yun-kyo-tang were0.24% and 0.18%, respectively.

In-hospital mortality in patients with STEMI admitted during off hours

( Sung-Soo Kim ),( Myung Ho Jeong ),( Jeong Gwan Cho ),( Young Keun Ahn ),( Jong Hyun Kim ),( Shung Chull Chae ),( Young Jo Kim ),( Seung Ho Hur ),( In Whan Seong ),( Taek Jong Hong ),( Dong-hoon Choi 대한내과학회 2013 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2013 No.1

Conflicting results exist on the outcome of off hours PCI in ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). However, there were only a few studies that have focused on the clinical characteristics and outcomes of off hours PCI in STEMI. So, we studied the clinical characteristics and hospital mortality in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI during regular hours (weekdays 9:00 AM to 6:00 PM) versus off hours Weekdays 6:01 PM to 8:59 AM, weekends, and holidays) in Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry. We analyzed in hospital and one year mortality among 5,665 consecutive ST segment elevation myocardial infarction patients treated with primary PCI between November 2005 to January 2008. Total 2,848 (50.2%) patients were treated during off hours. Baseline finding were similar, although regular hours patients were older. Median symptom to balloon time (304 min, IQR 175 to 750 vs. 270 min, IQR 145 to 551, p=0.001) were longer for regular hours primary PCI. Median door to balloon time (71min, IQR: 48 to 132 vs. 59 min, IQR 39 to 110 min, p=0.001) were longer for off hours pPCI. Also, Cardiac enzyme such as Max CK-MB (212.1±299.3 vs 194.7±303.4, p=0.031) and max TnI (72.6±239.5 vs. 58.9±94.4, p=0.013) were increased in off hours pPCI. However, unadjusted in hospital (6.0% off hours vs. 6.0% regular hours, p=0.946) and one year cardiac mortality (11.3% off hours vs. 11.7% regular hours, p=0.661) were comparable. In multivariate analysis, off hours primary PCI did not predict an adverse outcome. In conclusion, when primary PCI was performed within an appropriate reperfusion strategy, the clinical effectiveness of either off hours or regular hours pPCI is comparable.