발효조를 이용한 Monascus anka의 적색소와 황색소의 생산

강성국,임종환,정순택,김선재 한국미생물생명공학회 ( 구 한국산업미생물학회 ) 1996 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.24 No.6

Monascus anka를 이용하여 천연식용색소를 대량생산하기 위한 방법을 개발하기 위하여 발효조를 이용하여 적색소와 황색소의 색소생산의 최적 배양 조건과 생산된 색소의 색깔 특성을 조사하였다. Monascus anka 적색소와 황색소를 생산하였는데, 이들 색소는 균체내색소와 균체외 색소로 구분되었다. 균체의 적색소(ERP)는 494nm에서, 균체외 황색소(EYP)는 380nm에서, 균체내 적색소(IRP)는 506nm에서 그리고 균체내 황색소(IYP)는 388nm에서 최대 흡광도를 나타냈다. 적색소와 황색소 생산, 색조의 특성 및 균체증식력을 배양 온도, pH, 쌀가루 농도, peptone 농도, magnesium sulfate 농도, 통기량 및 교반속도에 대하여 조사한 결과 적색소 생산력은 30℃, 초기 pH 6.0, 쌀가루 농도 3~5%, peptone 농도 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 농도 0.25%, 통기량 0.1vvm 교반속도 300rpm의 조건에서 최대치를 보였으며, 이때 ERP, EYP, IRP 및 IYP는 각각 A_494nm 0.84, A_380 nm 0.71, A_506 nm 1.18, A_388 nm 1.10, L값은 각각 29.40, 6.44, 34,98, 8.94, a값은 각각 5.76, -1.08, 11.83, -1.55, b값은 각각 18-19, 3.41 27.26, 6.16 그리고 균체량은 7.4 g/l을 보였다. 또한 황색소 생산력은 온도의 경우 적색소 생산을 위한 최적온도 보다 높은 35℃ 부근에서 우수하였으며 초기 pH와 쌀가루 농도는 적색소 생산을 위한 최적조건과 같았고, 질소원과 무기염의 농도가 높을수록 그리고 통기량이 많을수록 황색소 생산력이 우수하였다. 적색소와 황색소 생산을 위한 발효조의 교반속도는 100~300 rpm이 적합하였다. Production of Red and Yellow Pigments from Monascus anda in a Jar Fermenter, Seong-Gook Kang, Jong-Whan Rhim, Soon-Teck Jung^* and Sun-Jae Kim. Department of Food Engineering. Mokpo National University Chonnam, 534-729, Korea - In order to develop the method for mass production of natural food colorant from Monascus anka, optimum cultivation conditions for producing red and yellow pigments by cultivating the mold in a jar fermenter and their color characteristics were investigated. The mold produced red and yellow pigments both intracellularly and extracellularly. These pigments showed unique light absorption characteristics with maximum absorption of 494, 380, 506, and 388 nm for extracellular red pigment (ERP), extracellular yellow pigment (EYP), intracellular red pigment (IRP), and intracellular yellow pigment (IYP), respectively. Optimum conditions for producing red pigments were found to be temperature 30℃, initial pH 6.0, rice powder 3~5%, peptone 0.05%, magnesium sulfate 0.25%, aeration rate 0.1vvm. Optimum temperature for producing yellow pigments was around 35℃ which is higher than that of producing red pigments. The initial pH rice powder concentration for producing yellow pigments were the same as those of producing red pigments. The higher concentration of nitrogen source and inorganic salt, aeration rate, the more the yellow pigments were produced. Them optimum agitation speed was 100~300 rpm for pigment production.

관상동맥 시술 도중 발생한 좌주간부 관상동맥 박리에 대한 스텐트 삽입 치료의 단장기 임상 결과 : acute and long-term results

이세환,이승환,홍명기,김영학,이철환,한기훈,송종민,강덕현,송재관,김재중,박성욱,박승정 대한내과학회 2004 대한내과학회지 Vol.66 No.6

목적 : 심도자 사용 시술과 관련된 좌주간부 관상동맥박리에 대한 적절한 치료는 아직 확실히 정립되지 않은 상태이다. 이에 본 연구는 좌주간부 관상동맥 박리에 대한 스텐트 삽입술의 단장기 임상결과를 후향적으로 분석하였다. 방법 : 좌주간부 관상동맥 박리에 대한 치료로 즉각적인 스텐트 삽입술을 시행하는 것이 안전하고 효과적인 방법임을 가설하였고, 이러한 즉각적인 스텐트 삽입을 시행한 10명의 환자를 대상으로 단장기적 임상경과를 의무기록 고찰과 전화 면담을 통해서 평가하였다. 결과 : 전체 환자 모두 처음부터 좌주간부 관상동맥에 유의한 협착을 가진 환자는 없었으며, 8명의 환자는 심도자의 조작으로 인한 박리가 발생한 경우였고(진단적 혈관 조영술 중에 3명, 유도 도자 조작 중에 5명), 나머지 2명은 다른 병변에 스텐트 삽입시술을 하는 중에 박리가 발생하였다. 이 10명의 환자에서 모두 즉각적인 스텐트 삽입술이 시행되었고, 4명의 환자에서 시술 도중 혈압 저하로 Intra-aortic Ballon Pump (IABP)를 장착하였다. 모든 환자에서 성공적으로 스텐트가 삽입되었고, 병원내 사망은 1명도 없었다. 6개월 추적 관상동맥 조영술은 8명의 환자에서 시행되었다. 혈관 조영상의 재협착(직경 협착 50% 이상)은 8명 모두에게서 관찰되지 않았으며, 퇴원 후 평균 31±25개월의 추적관찰 결과 주요 심장사건은 1건도 발생하지 않았다. 결론 : 비록 대상 환자가 적은 연구였지만 좌주간부 관상동맥 박리에 대한 스텐트 삽입술은 기술적으로 안전하고 빠르게 시행 할 수 있으며, 훌륭한 단장기적인 치료 효과를 보여준다. Background : The optimal treatment of patients with left main coronary artery (LMCA) dissection during catheter-based procedure remains uncertain. We retrospectively analyzed the acute and long-term results of bail-out stenting for LMCA dissection. Methods : In cases with significant LMCA dissection occurring during catheter-based procedure, prompt stent implantation may be safe and associated with favorable clinical outcome. We evaluated the acute and long-term results of bail-out stenting for LMCA dissection occurring during catheter-bases procedure in 1- patients. Results : Initially, there was significant stenosis of LMCA segment in these patients. Catheter-induced dissection occurred in 8 patients (during diagnostic angiography in 3 patients and guiding catheter manipulation in 5 patients). Two patients suffered dissection in the setting of stent deployment in other vessels. Therefore, bail-out stenting LMCA dissection was performed in a total of 10 patients. In 4 patients, hypotension developed and intra-aortic balloon pump was placed during procedure. Stents were successfully deployed in all patients. There was no in-hospital mortality. Six-month angiographic follow-up was performed in 8 patients. Angiographic restenosis(diameter stenosis 50%) was not observed in all patients at follow-up study. During a mean follow-up of 31±25 months after hospital discharge, there was no major adverse cardiac event (death, myocardial infarction, and target lesion revascularization). Conclusion : Bail-out LMCA stenting is technically feasible, and showed good acute and long-term results in a small series of patients.

응급실 자의퇴원환자의 요인분석

김승환,김옥준,장석준,정구영,김승호 대한응급의학회 1993 대한응급의학회지 Vol.4 No.2

Discharge against medical advice(AMA) in the emergency department is a frustrating, painful event to both patients and emergency physicians and emergency physicians. A retrospective chart review of 347 consecutive AMA patient from our emergency department from December 1992 to May 1993. Among them, 185 patients were interviewed with our researcher about primary cause of AMA through telephone contact. The results were as follows : 1. Total 9,705 patients visited our emergency department during 6-months period and there was 347 AMA patients(3.6%) 2. The main reasons for 185 AMA were ; 1) patients' or family's own problem in 114 cases(61.6%) 2) changes in patient condition(terminal case, improvement) in 56 cases(30.3%). 3) dissatisfaction to medical services in 15 cases(8.1%) 3. During same period, there was 117 cases of drug intoxication mainly due to suicidal attempt and 18 AMA was noted. Among 18 AMA cases, 16 patients discharged against medical advice due to patients' own problem(mainly due to economical problem) but none of them revisited OPD or emergency department. 4. Eight of 40 AMA patients with symptom improvement were managed in OPD, emergency department or other hospital but none of them admitted. In conclusion, we noticed that the main cause of AMA is non-medical problem in Korea and there should be continuous effert to improve our medical insurance system, emergency medical services system. Only through the judicious use of AMA, it can be used as a tool of determining patient satisfaction and quality improvement in emergency medical field.

加味枳朮丸 및 保和丸이 損傷된 肝組織에서의 膠原質生成 및 肝細胞再生에 미치는 影響

金成桓,姜秉淇 圓光大學校 韓醫學硏究所 1997 원광한의학 Vol.7 No.1

肝硬變症은 상당량의 肝細胞의 消失과 血管彎曲을 同伴하는 綱狀組織의 虛脫과 織維組織增殖 그리고 殘存 肝細胞群의 再生結節을 特徵으로 하는 모든 形態의 慢性肝疾患으로서 여러 原因으로 肝炎이 發生하고 慢性肝炎으로 移行되어 肝細胞 및 組織構造가 破壞되어 肝細胞 壞死後에 結合組織의 生成을 誘發하여 肝職維化가 進行되어 發生하는 疾患이다. 韓醫學에서는 肝硬變이 積聚, 鼓腸, 單腹脹, 비괴, 黃疸의 範疇에 들어 있는데 病因은 濕熱이나 肝鬱등이 日久하여 肝脾가 損傷되어 氣滯血瘀로 因하여 氣血이 瘀結하여 發生한다고 한다. 여기서의 瘀滯의 槪念은 肝構造의 細胞代謝障碍 肝織維素의 增殖等과 一致한다고 여겨진다. 加味枳朮丸은 食積, 酒積, 茶積, 肉積 等의 諸積症에 쓰이는 處方이고, 保和丸은 飮食所傷으로 적취비괴증에 쓰이는 處方으로서 이 두 處方은 氣血瘀結로 인한 積聚症에 應用할 수 있으므로, 慢性 肝疾患에도 有效할 것으로 思料된다. 膽道結紮 및 DMN으로 肝炎 및 肝硬變證을 誘發한 후 加味枳朮丸과 保和丸을 投與한 結果 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. 1. 膽道結紮로 인한 血淸 total bilirubin 과 direct bilirubin의 上昇은 保和丸을 投與한 實驗群 모두에서 抑制되었으며 두 處方간의 差異는 보이지 않았다. 2. 膽道結紮로 인한 血淸 AST의 上昇은 加味枳朮丸과 保和丸을 投與한 實驗群 모두에서 抑制되는 樣相을 보였으며, 특히 加味枳朮丸을 投與한 實驗群에서 抑制效果가 더 좋았으나 그 差異는 크지 않았다. 3. 膽道結紮로 인한 血淸 ALT의 上昇은 加味枳朮丸을 投與한 實驗에서 抑制되었으며 加味枳朮丸의 抑制效果가 保和丸보다는 좋았다. 4. Dimethylnitrosamine의 腹腔注射 後 誘發된 肝損傷에서 血淸 AST의 上昇은 加味枳朮丸과 保和丸 모두에서 抑制되었으며 加味枳朮丸의 抑制效果가 더 좋았으나 그 差異는 크지 않았다. 5. Dimethylnitrosamine의 腹腔注射 後 誘發된 肝損傷에서 血淸 ALT의 上昇은 加味枳朮丸과 保和丸을 投與한 實驗群 모두에서 抑制되는 樣相을 보였으며 두 處方間의 差異는 볼 수 없었다. 6. 膽道結紮과 Dimethylnitrosamine으로 誘發한 肝損傷으로 因하여 肝組織내의 hydroxyproline量의 增加는 加味枳朮丸과 保和丸의 投與로 모두 抑制되는 效果를 보였으며 두 處方間의 差異는 볼 수 없었다. This study was to investigate the protective and anticirrhotic effects of Gamijichulwhan and Bowhawhan on the liver cirrhosis or fibrosis induced by prolonged bile duct ligation; a new experimental model for cirrhosis and the intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat. The development of fibrosis or cirrhosis and its inhibition by the two prescriptions were examined by the chemical analysis of AST, AST, and hydroxyproline, and histological observations. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The increase of serum asparate aminotransferase induced by bile duct ligation was inhibited by the administration of Gamijichulwhan and Bowhawhan. 2. The increase of serum alanine aminotransferase induced by bile duct ligation in rats was inhibited by the administration of Gamijichulwhan and Bowhawhan. 3. The increased level of serum AST and ALT induced by the intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine was inhibited by the administration of Gamijichulwhan and Bowhawhan. 4. The increasing level of hydroxyproline volume in the damaged liver tissues in rat were decreased by the oral administgration of Gamijichulwhan and Bowhawhan extract. But there was no significant differences in the inhibition rate between the two experimental groups. 5. The histological observation the damaged liver tissue and immunohistchemical observation of bromodeoxyuridine in the liver tissue of rats showed the significantly hepatoprotective effects of Gamijichulwhan and Bowhawhan extract, and revealed the regenerative effects of Gamijichulwhan and Bowhawhan extract on the damaged liver induced by bile duct ligation and the intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine.

극점배치기법에 의한 터어빈-발전기계통의 부하주파수 제어에 관한 연구

장성환 圓光大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.19 No.2

발전기의 여자제어 계통을 고려한 부하 주파수 제어계통의 동특성 방정식을 확장하고, 최적제어 기법과 극점배치 방법을 응용하여 최적 레귤레이터와 모달제어기를 설계하였다. 모달제어기를 이용하여 구성한 페루우프 제어계통에 전력계통의 실제 파라미터를 적용하고, 전자계산기에 시뮬레이션하여 구한 부하 주파수 편차의 과도 응답이 안정됨을 보였다. 최적 제어기법에 의한 부하 주파수 편차의 최적응답을 구하고 극점 배치기법에 의한 부하주파수 과도응답이 최적 제어기법에 의한 과도응답보다 현저한 감쇄효과를 제시하였다.

mRNA의 3' end processing에 대한 mRNA 중합요소 인산화의 영향

권대환,박재현,송영하,안성훈 한양대학교 이학기술연구소 2006 이학기술논문지 Vol.9 No.-

RNA 중합효소의 C-terminal은 YSPTSPS의 반복적인 아미노산 서열을 갖고 있으며, 이들의 인산화는 전사의 개시, 중합, 또는 종결단계에 중요하다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 RNA 중합효소의 인산화가 mRNA의 3' end processing에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. C-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase Ⅱ contains a repeated heptameric sequence (YSPTSPS) which is phosphorylated at serine 2 and 5. Phosphorylation of CTD in elongating RNA polymerase Ⅱ has been suggested to play a role in transcriptional initiation, elongation or termination. In the present study, we investigated the effect of RNA polymerase Ⅱ CTD phosphorylation on the 3' end processing of mRNA.

교육 지도자들이 지각하는 스포츠 가치 지향

김승곤,이세형,양명환 濟州大學敎 體育科學硏究所 1997 체육과학연구 Vol.3 No.-

The purpose of this survey research was to examine the value orientations as perceived by physical education teachers & coaches, community sport leaders and other academic teachers. Specifically. the research problems were twofold, First, to investigate whether differences on selected sport values were significantly related to gender, age, and educational leaders. Second, to investigate what social values emphasized by physical education teachers & coaches, community sport leaders and other academic teachers during educational training. Subjects were 229 educational leaders(l52 male and 77 female leaders) selected from the 4 high schools, a community sport club and '97 community sport leaders training course in Cheju National University. Data for the study were collected by menas of 10 items questionnaire and focus group interview. A 5-point Likert scale, strongly disagree(1)~strongly agree(5). was used to measure the value orientation of sport. Frequency analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis. The major findings of this study were as follows. First. Male leaders rated significantly higher patriotism score than did female leaders. while female leaders showed significantly higher cultivation of leadership score than did male leaders. Second, Sport related leaders perceived significantly higher level of social development. good citizenship, respect for authority. self-discipline, leadership. prevention of social deviation. composite value scores than did the other academic teachers. Third, twenties leaders showed significantly higher social development, respect for authority, leadership scores than did thirties leaders and above forties leaders. Also. twenties leaders rated significantly higher competition in good faith and cooperation, self-discipline scores than did above forties leaders. Fourth, sport related leaders emphasized attitudes of do one's best, honesty and sincerity. perseverance. spirit of fair play, self-regulation and responsibility, consideration for others. the rules of etiquette, mental health, positivity, and physical health. Academic teachers stressed attitudes of honesty and sincerity, self-regulation and responsibility, do one's best, consideration for others, positivity.

一部姙産婦靜脈血과 胎兒臍帶血中 鐵分濃度에 關한 硏究

金聖子,車喆煥 고려대학교 의과대학 1979 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.16 No.3

Various trace metals have been implicated in human health, for the most part though public usage. Occasionally, these substances have contaminated the life support system such as food, air, water and so on in large enough concentration to produce acute or chronic hazard. The placenta actually facilitates the transfer of a variety of such metals, especially those in low concentration in maternal blood but essential for the rapid growth of the fetus. This is probably the most important aspect of metal exposure or malnutrition of fertile women who are to be pregnant. However, the mechanism is still unknown how the concentration of these metals in the blood of fetus becomes diluted or concentrated in method of transferring from maternal blood through the placental barrier. The emphasis on mechanism of placental barrier to moderate these metal transferring is exemplified by measuring concentration of iron in both the maternal and cord blood in paired samples. Our concern has focused on 72 pregnant women admitted in some local clinics in Seoul for child-birth care. From their blood of paired samples, concentrations of iron were measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the results were analysed as follows. 1. Mean blood concentration for iron in cord blood was 364.19±161.81 (104-844)㎍/㎖ which was 1.54 times higher than that in maternal bloob, 238.81±133.10(80-696)㎍/㎖ showing significant statistical difference (p<0.01). The concentration in cord blood was not much less than that of a Japanese study whereas the concentration in maternal blood was much lower. 2. Regarding frequency distributions for concentration ranges of iron, 29 out of 72(40.2%) maternal blood samples belonged to 100-199㎍/㎖ group whereas 24 out of 72 (33.3%) cord blood samples belonged to 300-399㎍/㎖ group. The distribution curves of the above revealed to be positively skewed and quite different from normal distribution curve. 3. Significant positive correlation was found between iron concentrations of maternal blood and cord blood showing regression line of y=0.378x+274.6 with r=0.3 (p<0.01) if y indicates concentration in cord blood, x indicates concentration in maternal blood, and r indicates correlation coefficient. Furthermore, the amount of increasement in cord blood increased as concentration in maternal blood decreased from 442㎍/㎖, whereas the amount of decreasement in cord blood increased as concentration in maternal blood increased from 442㎍/㎖. The data showed that the placental barrier would be a dynamic organ with purposive selectivity according to concentration in maternal blood but is not a simple passive barrier concerning the iron transfer role from mother to fetus.

安東 土溪洞 : 안동댐 수몰지구 건축환경 현기조사 a Traditional Village near Andong Dam in Korea

崔椿煥,張聖浚 명지대학교 1977 明大論文集 Vol.10 No.-

This report is a field survey of architectural environments of Tokyedong (Sang-kye, Hakye, Kyenam), a traditional village near Andong in Korea. The presen pattern of this willage was much influenced by Lee Whang (1501~1570), a famous scholar in Chosun Dynasty. From that time on, his descendents have been living here composing family-villages. Now this area loses the glory and vividness of the past, byt the traces of the original form have been maintained because of the topographical condition and the conservative tradition of the village character. This village will be immersd under water at the end of 1977 due to the completion of newly made Andong dam. This survey report was made to record the traditional architectural environment and its background, and to be one of the basic references to the study of Korean Architecture.

중학교 음악교과서 개선을 위한 서양의 음악교과서와의 비교 연구

曹聖煥 漢陽大學校 音樂硏究所 1992 音樂論壇 Vol.6 No.-