한강하구지역에서 월동하는 재두루미(Grus vipio)의 개체군 감소

이화수(Hwa-Su Lee),신주열(Ju-Yeol Shin),이시완(Si-Wan Lee),강태한(Tae-Han Kang),윤순영(Soon-Young Yoon),김정수(Jungsoo Kim) 한국조류학회II 2012 한국조류학회지 Vol.19 No.4

김포시와 고양시 일대의 한강하구 지역은 우리나라에서 재두루미의 가장 중요한 월동지 및 중간기착지로 알려져 있지만, 이 지역의 조류 서식환경은 심각한 개발압력과 인간의 간섭으로 인해 지속적으로 나빠지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 2007-2008년과 2011-2012년의 월동시기에 본 지역에 도래하는 재두루미를 대상으로 월동 개체군 크기 변화와 월동지역 내에서 과거와 현재의 취식지역 이용 현황 등을 조사하여 개발행위가 이들의 서식에 미치는 영향을 확인하였다. 본 지역에서 월동하는 재두루미 개체군은 평균 124.9개체(2007-2008년)에서 59.0개체(2011-2012년)로 감소하였으며, 주요 취식지역에서 확인된 개체수는 평균 77.7개체에서 24.1개체로 감소하여 월동개체군의 감소폭에 비해 주요 취식지역의 이용 개체수의 감소폭이 더 크게 나타났다. 유형별 분석에서는 가족군에 비해 무리군의 개체수가 많이 감소한 것으로 나타났으나, 홍도평 지역의 가족군 이용 개체수는 변화가 나타나지 않았다(Mann-Whitney test. Z=-0.26, p=0.979). 그리고 과거 다수의 재두루미가 주요 취식지역으로 이용하였던 송포동과 평동지역은 2012-2013년 조사에서는 거의 이용하지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 위 지역의 개발행위(예: 제 2자유로 건설 등)와 깊은 연관성이 있는 것으로 생각된다. Han-river estuary in Gimpo and Goyang city is well known as one of the most important wintering and stopover sites for migrating White-naped Crane (Grus vipio) in Korea. Nowadays, habitat quality of this area is getting worse due to serious development pressure and high human disturbances. So, we wanted to know whether development actions affected total wintering population change in Han-river estuary and feeding group pattern of White-naped Crane in main feeding habitats between the 2007-2008 and 2011-2012 wintering period. Average wintering population was decreased 124.9 to 59.0 and population of main feeding site also decreased 77.7 to 24.1. But decrease rate of main feeding site population was higher than total wintering population. Non-family feeding population was more decrease than family feeding population in the flock type analysis. But family feeding population of Hongdopyong was maintained from past and present (Mann-Whitney test. Z=-0.26, p=0.979). However, almost all White-naped Crane din not use both feeding sites, Pyong-dong and Songpo-dong, where were deteriorated habitat quality by human act.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

海上積荷保險에서의 被保險利益

尹台漢 慶北大學校 經濟經營硏究所 1994 經商論集 Vol.22 No.2-3

鄭芝溶 小考 : 信仰時를 中心으로

尹漢台 순천향대학교 1989 논문집 Vol.12 No.4

Jung, Ji-Yong was one of the most important poets that marked a new epoch of contributing greatly to the history of Korean modern poetry and creating many refined modern poetic words with Korean flavors. He wrote the 16 poems dealt with Catholicism among about his 140 poems in his life. His confession of his faith in Catholicism and his poetic characteristics through them led the author to come to obtain the following findings: First, secular human beings keep themselves in awe of the Absolute and make themselves obedient to him. Second, the poet expressed how to do their duty and how to behave as creatures. Such poetic words as water, fire, sky, sun, sea, universe, stars, trees, lakes, etc. Were often used in his poems. Firmly believing that God is the Creator of all these things and the Master, he made use of the images of his poems in terms of the heavenly body and natural objects.

EC市場統合과 生命保險

尹台漢 경일대학교 산업정보연구소 1991 産經硏究 Vol.2 No.1

The European Community has always looked on services as an essential part of the integration process, but paid little attention to it. In this paper, I proposed to look into the life insurance sector of the European Community in some detail, and focused on life insurance that can in principle be traded. Many life insurers have up to now been sheltered from international compitition by government regulation except UK. For that reason little multinationalization of insurer has occured. The sector's low degree of integration is also apparent in the fairly hige differences in prices among EC countries. The case of insurance, a sector in which economies of scale are important, show that both the freedom of provide services in another country and freedom of establishment are now put into practice, leading to a growing interpenetration of markets and multinationalization of firms. Clearly, all EC's life insurers will have opportunity to share in one important benefit that should emerge from the creation of the single European Market. But the third country (non EC countries) looked on the European Community may become “Fotress Europe” by reciprocal treatment. Consequently, life insurers are having to plan their European strategies. At the same time they must be taking into account in their strategic planning other major changes that are occuring in insurance market.

화상을 입힌 생쥐의 흉선과 비장 임파구아형과 조직학적 소견의 변화

한기택,안상태,강윤섭,임 풍 大韓成形外科學會 1991 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.18 No.4

Due to various documented abnormalities of cell mediated immunity, sepsis still remains the major cause of morbidity and mortality after initial survival from extensive thermal burn. However, the exact mechanisms of immunosuppression after extensive thermal burn remains uncertain. For th observation of immune state, changes of lymphocyte subpopulation have been usually measured in lymphocyte samples from peripheral blood by many reports, but it is only a small fraction of the total lymphocyte pool in the body, and may not present valid picture of the immunological state of the individual. Therefore, analysis of lymphocyte phenotype in thymus and spleen is thought to be necessary in understanding more exact mechanism of immunological changes in extensive thermal burn. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes of immunocompetency by observing the changes of subpopulation of spleen and thymus lymphocyte using monoclolnal antibodies and changes of tissue with light microscope in burned mice. Cell populations were isolated from spleen and thymus of control and burned mice on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 7th, 14th and 21st postburn days(PBD). The cell populations were measured with monoclonal antibody by flow cytometry. The results were as follows: 1.In thymus, Thy 1.2+, L3T4+ and LYt2+ cells decreased markedly on the 3rd PBD. Thy 1.2+ and L3T4+ cells decreased also on 5th, 7th, 14th PBD and returned to control level on 21st PBD, but Lyt2+ cells increased more significantly than control after 3rd PBD and returned to normal on 21st PBD. Qa2+ cells revealed most significant reduction on 7th PBD. 2.In spleen, Thy 1.2+, L3T4+ and Ia+ cells increased on 3rd PBD and then decreased on 7th and 14th PBD. Lyt2+ cells increased in all the burned groups. Qa2+ cells increased on 3rd, 5th PBD and returned to normal level. L3T4+ cell/Lyt2+ cell ratio revealed signicant reduction, but they recovered by the 21st PBD. 3.In histopathologic findings of the spleen & thymus, the all cell subpoulations decreased at 1st PBD, but more increased than that of group of 3rd PBD. And then they revealed normal architecture after 5th PBD.

흰쥐에 있어서 피부노출 차단이 피부조직의 Xanthine Oxidase 활성에 미치는 영향

한선일,전태원,윤종국 대한의생명과학회 2000 Journal of biomedical laboratory sciences Vol.6 No.1

횐쥐에 있어서 피부의 공기차단이 피부조직의 xanthine oxidate (XO) 활성에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 직경 46 mm, 높이 10 mm인 petri dish-shaped glass chamber에 순간접착제 (α-cyanoacrylate)를 이용하여 실험동물의 등 부위 피부조직에 부착시켜 10일간 공기의 접촉을 차단하였다. 공기 접촉 차단 5일째에 피부의 땀 축적량은 약 400 mg 정 도이었으나, 10일째 에는 약 25 mg으로 감소하였다. 5일간 피부차단 시 피부조직 중 XO활성은 대조군에 비해 증가하였으며,그 증가율은 chamber 내의 땀 축적량과 관련하여 10일간 피부차단군 보다 높게 나타났다. 5일간 피부차단 시 XO의 기질 농도 변화에 따른 반응 속도를 관찰한 결과, 대조군에 비해 V-max치가 높게 나타났다. 이상 실험 결과를 보아, 피부의 공기접촉 차단으로 피부조직 중 XO효소 활성이 증가된 것은 이 효소 단백 합성 유도에 기인되며, 이는 피부조직에서 oxygen free radical의 생성을 유도하여 외부 환경에 대한 방어장벽작용에 관여할 것으로 생각된다. To investigate an impact of skin occlusion on the dermal xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, the dorsal part in rats was covered with closed petri dish-shaped chamber, 46 mm in diameter and 10mm in height, which was made of glass. The crack between top of chamber and skin was sealed by an adhesive agent. After 5 days, the quantity of sweat accumulation was about 400 mg, whereas after 10 days that was decreased about to 25 mg. The 5 days skin occlusion showed the more increased activity of dermal XO compared with the control, and the increased ratio of enzyme activity to the control was higher than that of 10 days skin occlusion, with the increase being associated with sweat accumulation in chamber. Furthermore, the Vmax of dermal XO in 5 days skin occlusion was higher than that in the control. In conclusion, it may be hypothesized that the XO system may play an role for defence mechanism in dermal tissue.

한국 재래산양에서 Bovine Viral Diarrhea, Bovine Herpesvirus-1, Parainfluenza Type-3 바이러스에 대한 혈청학적 연구

한동운,권용국,문진산,윤소라,위성환,장환,탁동섭,이태욱,강문일 한국수의공중보건학회 2003 예방수의학회지 Vol.27 No.3

The 948 goat sera were serologically tested for ten pathogens including bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), bovine herpes virus type-1 (BHV-1) and parainfluenza virus type-3 (PI-3). By viral neutralizaion test, three pathogens including BVD virus, BHV-1, PI-3 were applied for screening each neutralizing antibody and its titration. Among 948 sera, there were 215 seropositives (22.7%) against BVD virus, 25 (2.6%) against BHV-1 virus, and 161 (17.0%) against PI-3 virus, respectively. In the seropositive cases to BVD virus, provincial prevalence of them were recorded as Gyeongnam(30.8%) for the highest one, while as Jeonbuk (15.8%) and Gyeongbuk(l6.7%) relatively for the lower ones. Among them, higher than 1:8 in antibody titration was classified as 74 cases (34.4%) which were suspected the cycle of its infection in their herds. Among the seropositives to BHV-1, it was relatively lower prevalence rate ranging from 1.7% to 6.7% that those of BVD virus and PI-3, but more importantly they were prevailing across the country. Most of the seropositive cases (42.9%) to PI-3 were classified as 1:4-1:16 in titration, but also distributed all around the country. The prevalence in goats varied according to areas (15.8 to 30.8%). Related to the provincial prevalence of three viral agents in Korean goats, it seemed that three viral pathogens would be directly or indirectly involving in various disorders as primary or secondary causative agents resulting in decreased productivity.

중복보험에서의 고지의무위반의 효과에 관한 연구

윤태한 국제무역학회 2001 국제무역연구 Vol.7 No.2

보험계약에서 최대선의의 원칙은 당사자에 의해서 지켜져야 할 기본적인 것이다. 이 최대선의의 원칙에 입각해 피보험자는 보험자에게 계약이 체결되기 전에 모든 중요한 사실에 대해서 고지해야 하며, 만약 고지의무의 위반이 있을 경우 보험자는 계약을 해지할 수 있다. 이러한 고지의무제도는 보험자에게 피보험자의 위험사정을 정확하게 알려주고 도덕적 위험을 방지하기 위한 것이다. 이러한 점에서 피보험자의 고지의무는 보험계약에 있어서 가장 중요한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 하지만 보험계약에서 규정하고 있는 다른 법률상의 의무와는 차이가 있다. 예를 들면 만약 다른 법률상의 의무에서는 채무자가 그의 법적인 의무를 거절하거나 지체하는 경우 법적 강제이행이 따르지만, 고지의무위반의 경우에는 계약을 해지할 수 있을 뿐이다. 따라서 보험계약에서 고지의무를 어떻게 해석할 것인가에 대한 논쟁의 여지가 있다. 이러한 문제와 관련하여 본 논문에서 동일한 보험목적물 또는 동일한 보험사고에 대하여 수개의 보험계약이 동시에 또는 순차적으로 체결되는 중복보험도 이와 같은 고지의무위반에 따른 법률적 효과가 그대로 적용될 수 있는가에 대한 문제를 중심으로 고찰하고자 한다. It is a fundamental principle of insurance contract law that the utmost good faith must be observed by either party. Subject to the principle, an assured must disclose to the insurer every material circumstance before the contract is concluded. If the assured fail to make such disclosure, the insurer may avoid the contract. The duty of disclosure system has been developed in order to offer the insurer the same information about the risk that are originally under the control of the assured by which it also enables the insurer to evaluate the nature of the risks correctly and to prevent moral risks by excluding bad ones. In this respects, the duty of disclosure of the assured is considered to be one of the most significant in contracting insurance. However, the duty of disclosure in insurance contract has different characteristics from the other duties in law. For instance, if the obligator reject or delay to carry on his legal duty, legal execution force follows, but if the assured breach the duty of disclosure, legal execution force is not available and the insurer can just avoid the contract itself. Therefore there have been controversies on the subject of how to interpret the duty of disclosure the insurance contract employ. In this paper, we handles the matters concerned with these subject. It especially studies whether the legal effects on the duty of disclosure are applicable to the double insurance contract in where two or more policies are effected by or on behalf of the assured on the same adventure and interest or any part thereof with the focus on case study. In conclusion, it is generally admitted that even if there is a breach of the duty of disclosure to the double insurance contract, the breach must be resulted from the disclosure obligator's intention or gross negligence for the real effect of contract avoidance.

PLD 박막의 물리적 성질

한용진,조봉균,정재훈,이수빈,박해윤,이태기,채희백,홍진수 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1998 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.4 No.2

Thin amorphous carbon films were deposited by a Q-switched Nd;YAG 532nm with beam power density of ?? on the high purity graphite (99.7%). The pressure of vacuum chamber was ?? Torr. In order to estimate the quality of the Pulsed Laser Deposition films one of the most important optical properties, bandgap energy, was characterized by transmission and reflection in the range of the visible, and an optical direct bandgap energy of 2.45eV and indirect bandgap energy 0.36eV were obtained. Surface morphology of amorphous film was investigated by AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy). Its surface roughness is 70nm. Comparing our results with the published values in the literature we have confidence that our films show the good quality for optical properties.