정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

농촌경관 중요요소의 조작을 통한 경관평가 : 농촌 문화마을을 대상으로 The case of Rural Culture Village

서주환,심성보,전영임,박태희,조영배 경희대학교 부설 디자인연구원 2002 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.5 No.1

This study does questionnaire over recognition of landscape, major landscape and impressive site in rural community, and research visual preference through precessing pictures with a computer about major landscape. The landscape with natural fabric generally harmonizing with background is high in preference. Also, though major landscape factors are similar, preference is different according to shape, size, quality and color.

갑상선 종양의 Flow Cytometric DNA Ploidy 분석

김영태,김진만,서광선,배진선 대한병리학회 1995 Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine Vol.29 No.2

16 Bit Microprocessor를 이용한 유도전동기의 최적제어에 관한 연구

徐基永,金兌孝,權純杰,申千雨 慶南大學校 附設 工業技術硏究所 1989 硏究論文集 Vol.7 No.-

本 論文은 16 bit one-chip 마이크로프로세서를 이용하여 正弦波 變調 最適 PWM 制御方式을 채택한 인버어터에 관한 연구이다. 3相 誘導電動機의 可變速 運轉에서 스위칭시에 발생되는 損失의 증가 및 效率 저하의 원인이 되는 高周波成分과 이를 除去하기 위한 알고리즘을 해석하고,이 알고리즘을 실현하기 위해 制御用 16 bit one-chip 마이크로프로세서로 구성되는 hardware시스템을 設計함으로써 종래의 마이크로프로세서로 실현 불가능했던 on-line 계산 및 real-time 실현을 가능하게 하였다.이 시스템을 最適으로 制御하고 計算하기 위한 software를 개발하고,아울러 외부 시스템과 RS-232C로 통신할 수 있는 기능을 첨부하여 host computer에서 remote control이 가능하게 함으로써 MAP(manufacture automation protocol)에 대처할 수 있게 하였다. hardware 및 software의 設計에 따라 제작된 시스템의 高주波 制御效果를 확인하기 위한 實驗에서 現在 産業界에서 사용되고 있는 우수한 성능을 가진 것으로 알려진 特定모델을 선정하여 이와 比較 檢討하였다. 그 結果 인버어터의 基本波成分과 각 高調波成分의 스펙트럼이 出力周波數에 따라 다소의 차이가 있었으나, 測定 周波數의 전체범위에서 比較된 특정모델보다 우수한 特性을 얻을 수 있었다. This paper describes an inverter adopting an optimal sinusoidal waveform modulation PWM control method using 16 bit one-chip microprocessor. In variable speed operation of three-phase induction motor, a large number of harmonic components are included in switching waveform and cause decrement of efficiency. We analyzed some properties of each harmonic component and an algorithm for elimination of harmonics. In order to implement the algorithm, we designed a hardware system composed of special purpose 16 bit one-chip microprocessor. But it has been impossible to get a real-time computation. We compared and examined the effect of harmonics between the designed inverter and the commercial inverter. It was found that the designed inverter had more excellent suppression of harmonics than the selected commercial inverter over a range of all measured frequencies.

高溫下의 304스테인레스鋼의 유지시간에 따른 表面균열成長에 관한 연구

徐昌敏,權永斗,權寧泰 경북대학교 산업기술연구소 1987 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.15 No.-

This paper deals with the hold-time effects on the surface crack growth characteristics of machine element operating at high temperature. Creep-fatigue tests have been carried out at elevated temperatures of 538℃, 593℃ and 650℃ with holding times of 1 and 10 minutes at each temperature level in air. The test specimen is a plate type of type 304 stainless steel with an artificial defect that might exist in real structures. creep-fatigue data obtained from above experiments are compared with creep and fatigue date of the previous researches. The results obtained in the view-points of both strength of materials and fracture mechanics, are as follows: At same temperature level, the longer the hold-time, the higher the cycle basis crack growth rate, d(2ℓ)/dN, for a given maximum stress intensity factor level, But the longer the hold-time, the lower the time basis crack growth rate, d(2ℓ)/dt. It is notable that at high environment temperature the elongation decreases, but the crack center opening displacement increases.

점유후 평가(POE)를 통한 대학 도서관 계획에 관한 연구 : 성균관대학교 중앙도서관 이용의 행태적 측면 분석을 중심으로 Analysis of the User Behavior in Sung Kyun Kwan University Central Library

서기영,김태훈 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1994 論文集 Vol.45 No.1

University Library is one of the most important facilities in the campus core. It is not only a place for studying and getting informations but also a central space where various campus life related activities occur. Because of its very complicated functions, designing a large scale library is not an easy task at all to be a successful one. In this study, many efforts have been made through the Post-Occupancy Evaluation process of the Sung Kyun Kwan University Central Library to define the problems of the library and to provide the properly generalized solutions that would be helpful when planning the similar projects.

비만 여성을 대상으로 한 해조류 추출물의 국부처치와 운동 병행을 통한 지방분해 효과의 임상적 검정

서태수,이인숙,변재철,김규호,박승한,김유영,김상국,김현정,김상기,신동철,성미영,박종석,김종기,박언휘 한국스포츠리서치 2003 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.14 No.3

This study was carried out to test the body fat breakdown during topical seaweed extract treatment and in combination with the aerobic exercise. Of 20 female obesity subjects, ten treated a cream types of seaweed extract(control group) and ten treated a placebo cream(placebo group). Topical treatment of each sample was designed for 4 weeks, and treated with 2 times a day about 10ml on the abdomen and the thigh, respectively. All subjects were participated aerobic dance half hour a day and four times a week. After 4 weeks of topical treatment and exercise, they were measured body fat, skinfold thickness, body circumference. Then venous blood samples were taken and analyzed blood cells, serum enzymes, and serum lipids. There were reduction of body weight, % of body fat, antebrachium, brachium, chest, waist, thigh circumference and abdomen thickness between pre and post treatment in both group. Especially, body weight and % of body fat significantly reduced in the subjects treating the seaweed extract than those treating the placebo. There were significant decrement in total cholesterol and LDL whereas increment in HDL and TBIL in the control group, but no significant difference in the placebo group. In conclusion, there were 7.6% of body fat reduction during 4 weeks of aerobic exercise and 21% of body fat reducement in combination of topical seaweed treatment and exercise, respectively. These results suggest that the topical treatment of seaweed extract should be very effective for fat breakdown. Especially, the body fat breakdown maximized in the combination with the topical seaweed extracts treatment and the aerobic exercise.

우리나라 시외통신망의 과부하 통화량 관리 방안에 관한 연구

서영태,박상희 연세대학교 산업기술연구소 1991 논문집 Vol.23 No.2

When the traffic performance begins to decline, to assure the adequate call processing of the toll network, efficient management of overload traffic is needed. In this paper, the generated patterns and managing methods of overload traffic in Korean toll network have been studied and the traffic performance has been analyzed by the result of applying overload traffic managing methods and compared with a traffic performance without this method. When the overload traffic managing method, the obtained results are as follows. 1. When the busy traffic performance is 700,000 houses, good processing of the traffic performance over 95% is obtained, which is the operation target of an automatic trunk call operator. 2. If the busy traffic performance increases above 700,000 houses, the trunk call performance goes down abruptly. 3. When the number of trunk call is 700,000, 665,000 calls are connected and 35,000 calls are not connected.

장기적 트립토판 결여식이 생쥐의 유해감각예민도에 미치는 영향

서영대,박제민,김명정,전명호,양구범,장세헌,강철중,김정태,김용식 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

The depressive patients can be divided into two subgroups by presence and absence of pain symptoms. Those without pain symptoms have blunted pain sensitivity whereas those with pain have normal range of pain sensitivity, and are clinically characterized by anxiety and irritability. The aim of the study is to test if these clinical profiles of the depressives with pain symptoms are related with reduced level of brain serotonin(5-HT). Forty four mice were randomly divided into two groups : one group to be bred with tryptophan free diet and the other with normal control diet, each for 4 weeks. Before the beginning of the breeding period, measured were locomotor activity by open field test, anxiety by elevated plus maze and nociceptive sensitivity by tail flick test, before and after forced swimming(FS). During each FS, duration of immobilization was also measured. The sable sets of measurements were repeated at the end of the breeding period. The brain 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. The results were as follows 1.Four weeks of tryptophan free diet reduced significantly body weight, brain weight, and levels of 5-HT and 5-HIAA in the whole brain. 2.Tryptophan depletion did not influence basal nociceptive sensitivity as measured by tail flick latency before FS. The normal blunting of the pain sensitivity induced by forced swimming was preserved in the tryptophan depleted group. 3.Tryptophan depletion did not influence general locomotor activity in open field. 4.Tryptophan depletion increased significantly time spent on the open arms at the elevated plus maze test done before FS. This anxiolytic-like effect was reduced by FS. 5.Tryptophan depletion did not influence duration of immobilization during FS. From these results, it is suggested that the genesis of the depression with pain symptoms is not medicated by quantitative reduction of brain serotonin

Phage Ф FSV가 Lactobacillus casei의 증식에 미치는 영향

김경태,이정준,서인영,나석환,백영진 한국산업미생물학회 1991 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Phage Φ FSV가 유산종균의 배양에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 prophage Φ FSV를 보유한 L. casei YIT 9018 균주나 prophage cured strain인 L. casei HYM 1213 균주에 phage Φ FSV(Lac S21)나 wild type phage Φ J-1(Lac J-1)을 임의의 농도로 각각 감염시켜 이들 균주의 증식을 비교하였다. Lac S21 phage를 L. casei YIT 9018 균주에 감염시켰을 경우, 초기 감염농도가 6.0×10 exp(6) pfu/㎖ 미만인 시료에서는 균주의 성장 및 유산생성능이 정상적이었으며, 오히려 phage수는 감소하였다. 그러나 L. casei HYM 1213균주는 Lac S21 phage에도 민감하게 반응하여, 감염된 균주는 감염시킨 농도에 상관없이 모두 2일균에서 phage가 10^9∼10^10 pfu/㎖로 급격히 증가하였으며, 계속 배양함에도 phage는 감소되지 않고 6일균에서 10^7∼10^9 pfu/㎖로 유지되었고, 이로 인하여 유산균은 정상 발효를 못하였다. 따라서 phage Φ FSV는 모균주인 L. casei YIT 9018 균주에는 어떠한 영향도 미치지 못하고, 오히려 prophage cured strains에는 민감하게 작용하여 비정상 발효를 유도함을 알 수 있었다. 또한, Lac J-1 phage는 prophage Φ FSW를 보유한 L. casei YIT 9018 균주와 prophage cured strain인 L. casei HYM 1213 균주에 모두 민감하게 감염되어 phage의 농도가 급증하고, 이로 인해 균주의 이상발효를 야기시켰다. In order to study effect of the phage Φ FSV on the growth of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus casei YIT 9018 (wild type strain with prophage) or L. casei HYM 1213 (prophage cured strain) was infected with various concentrations of phage Φ FSV (called Lac S21) or wild type virulent phage (called Lac J-1). When L. casei YIT 9018 was infected with Lac S21 under the concentration of 6.0×10 exp(6) pfu/㎖, the growth and lactic acid production of the strain were normal and the number of phages decreased. But L. casei HYM 1213 was susceptible to Lac S21. Regardless of the concentration of the phage infection, the number of phages increased rapidly into 10^9 to 10^10 pfu/㎖ at 2 day cultures and was maintained 10^7 to 10^9 pfu/㎖ phages until 6 day cultures. The lactic acid production of L_n casei HYM 1213 infected with Lac S21 was abnormal. Therefore, phage Φ FSV had an evil effect on growth of L. casei HYM 1213, but not L. casei YIT 9018. On the other hand Lac J-1 caused abnormal fermentation to either L. casei YIT 9018 or L. casei HYM 1213.