한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

분만 전·후 사료급여 형태가 젖소의 생산성에 미치는 영향

기광석,김현섭,이왕식,이현준,김상범,정하연,은정식,김용국 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

This experiment was carried out to protect drops of feed intake should be plural prepartum and postpartum to reduce metabolic diseases after calving to know how feeding systems, which is divided as a low quility, a high quility and total mixed rations(TMR), affects on postpartum productivity of Holistein cows. Three diets (low or high quality forage separately fed with concentrate and TMR containing high quality roughage) were fed to 21 cows from 3 weeks prepartum to 8 weeks postpartum to examine their effects on the productivity of cows. DM intakes was noticed significantly higher with TMR (17.11kg/day) than low- quality (13.48 kg/day) and high-quality forage (13.10kg/day). TDN and CP intakes were also higher with TMR compared to other experimental diets. Mean daily milk yield was non-significant among the cows fed different diets. Blood non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA) content was higher in cows fed low-quality or high-quality forage separately with concentrate compared with those fed TMR. The results concluded that TMR feeding to transitional cows is better than feeding the low or high quality forage separately for their health and productivity. 본 시험은 분만 전 3주부터 분만 후 3주까지 전환기라고 지칭되는 시기의 젖소들에 대한 대사적 변화를 최소화하기 위한 방법으로 사료 섭취량 저하를 방지하고 분만 후 대사성 질병의 발생을 줄이기 위한 목적으로 수행되어졌다. 대사성 질병에 관여하는 주요 요인으로는 건물섭취량, 혈중 glucose 함량, NEFA 함량, 반추위 환경, 면역 등인데, 분만 전·후 Holstein 젖소에 사료급여 형태를 조·농분리(저질 조사료와 양질 조사료 급여구) 및 TMR로 다르게 하였을 때 사료섭취량 변화와 혈중 NEFA 및 glucose 함량 변화를 측정하고 분만 후 젖소의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 처리별 사료건물 섭취량은 저질 조사료 조·농 분리, 양질조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 13.48, 13.10, 17.11kg으로 TMR 급여구에서 유의성 있게 높았으며(P〈0.05), TDN 섭취량은 처리구별 각각 7.35, 7.19, 5.66kg으로 처리간에 차이가 없었다(P〉0.05). 신체충실지수(BCS)는 저질조사료구에서는 3.03이였으며, 양질 조사료구와 TMR 급여구에서는 각각 3.19, 3.16이었다. 분만후 1주부터 5주까지 측정한 평균 산유량은 저질조사료 조·농 분리, 양질 조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 34.1, 35.1, 35.6kg 였으며, 분만 후 4∼5주에 최고 비유기에 달했다. 처리별 평균 유지율은 저질 조사료 조·농 분리, 양질 조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 3.74, 3.68, 3.95%였다. 혈청내 NEFA 함량은 저질 조사료 조·농 분리, 양질 조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 744.4, 381.8,266.7μEq/L로 처리간에 큰 차이를 보여 양질 조사료 급여와 TMR 급여시 혈중 NEFA 함량이 저질 조사료 급여에 이해 유의성 있게 낮았다(P〈0.05). 혈청내 glucose함량은 저질조사료 및 양질 조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 39.3, 56.3, 62.4mg/dl로 양질 조사료 급여와 TMR 급여시 혈중 glucose 함량이 저질 조사료급여에 비해 유의성 있게 높았다(P〈0.05). 이상의 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 분만 전 3주부터 분만 후 3주까지의 전환기 동안 사료섭취량 증가와 대사성 질병의 지표로서 혈중 NEFA 및glucose 함량 변화를 살펴 본 결과 분만 전 3주부터는 양질의 조사료나 TMR 형태로 급여하는 것이 사료섭취량 증가와 대사성 질병의 발생을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

초등학생에서 인두배양과 항-OF 항체 보유율

정현주,김선주,김윤정,맹국영,정현주,김선주,김윤정,맹국영 대한임상병리학회 1998 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.18 No.3

이종 재료 접합부의 응력확대계수

김문기,국정한,유중학,성호현 韓國技術敎育大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.3 No.1

In this study, fracture aspects for dissimilar materials welded by right and left or up and down in symmetry are examined by using Finite Element Method(FEM) in case that holes exist at up and down in symmetry for the center of crack, and the results of this study are as follows ; 1. When the strength(E₁) of a material with a center crack is lower than that (E₂) of the dissimilar material which is welded by right and left in symmetry, the crack propagation rate decreases by about 25%, while it increases by about 20% when the E₁ is higher than E₂. 2. When the E₁ is lower than the E₂ which is welded by up and down in symmetry, the crack propagation rate decreases by about 25% while it increases by about 75% when the E₁ is higher than the E₂. 3. The value of K₁/K?? is constant up to 2.0 in which is the ratio (a/R) between crack length and hole radius, and the value is decreased or increased a little above 2.0. It is regarded that a phenomenon of crack closure is applied according to the welded type of dissimilar material. In addition, It is noticed that retardation effect of crack propagation is changed greatly according to the distributed position of dissimilar material.

연령별 Antistreptolysin O 분포 및 정상치

김선주,정명아,정현주,김윤정,맹국영 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.4

배 경 : ASO 검사는 S. pyogenes 감염과 류마티스열이나 급성 사구체신염 등 후유증을 진단하는데 매우 유용하다. ASO 정상치는 연령에 따라 달라지는 것으로 알려져 있으므로, 단회의 ASO 결과를 올바로 해석하기 위해서는 같은 지역의 동일한 연령의 정상치를 알고 있어야 한다. 방 법 : 저자들은 진주지역 학동기전 아동 (162명), 초등학생 (436명)과 성인 (231명) 세 군에서 ASO 정상치와 분포를 살펴보았다. 연쇄구균 감염 증상이나 징후가 없는 진주 지역 주민들을 대상으로 혈청내 ASO치를 자동화학분석기 (Cobas Mira, Roche)와 비탁기 (Behring Nephelometer 100 Analyzer)를 이용하여 정량 분석하였다. 결 과 : 학동기전 아동, 초등학생 및 성인에서의 평균 ASO치는 각각 71 IU/mL (표준편차 107), 285 IU/mL (표준편차 246) 및 80 IU/mL (표준편차 64) 이었고, 정상상한치는 각각 131 IU/mL, 433 IU/mL, 136 IU/mL 이었다. 결 론 : ASO 정상치 및 분포는 각 연령군에 따라 크게 다르므로, ASO 정상치는 연령에 따라 다르게 설정되어야 할 것이다. A군 연쇄구균 감염은 학동기전 아동이나 성인에서는 매우 드문 반면, 초등학생에서는 빈번함을 알 수 있었다. Background : Antistreptolysin O (ASO) is very useful as an indicator of recent streptococcal infection and its sequelae, such as rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis. Becuase the upper limit of normal (ULN) value of ASO varies according to age, the ULN value of ASO in an area should be evaluated to accurately interpret single ASO levels of patients. Methods : The ULN value and distribution of ASO concentrations were investigated in three age groups of preschool children (N=162), elementary school children (N=436), and adults (N=231) in Chinju. ASO concentrations were measured quantitatively by autoanalyzer or nephelometer from sera of healthy population in Chinju who had no symptoms or signs of streptococcal infections. Results : The mean (±SD) ASO concentrations were 71 (±107) IU/mL, 285 (±246)IU/mL, and the UNL value of ASO concentratios were 131IU/mL, 433IU/mL, and 136 IU/mL in each group of preschool children, elementary school children, and adults, respectively. Conclusion : The distributio and ULN value of ASO concentrations varied according to age group. The ULN value of ASO concentrations should be set differently according to the patient's age. Group A streptococcal infections might be quite common in elementary school children, while very rare in preschool children or adults.

혼화재 및 폴리프로필렌섬유의 사용에 따른 콘크리트의 품질변화에 대한 기초적 연구

김정섭,손순채,조창호,최진석,김민국 朝鮮大學校 建設技術硏究所 2001 建設技術硏究 Vol.21 No.1

This study is to identify the effect of using admixture and polypropylene fiber on the quality of concrete. The results of the changes in the quality of concrete that has not yet hardened and concrete that has hardened is as follows: 1. Depending on the proportions of admixture, the greater the fly ash content and the lower slag and silica fume, the greater the slump. Admixture and polypropylene together contributed to increased slump. 2. The more fly ash, slag and silica fume added, the less the air. 3. After 360 days of age, greater fly ash content contributed to a lower compressive strength, while greater slag added to higher compressive strength. Silica fume shows a high compressive strength when 10% of silica fume was added on the 360th day of age. 4. Tensile Strength at 360 days of age, the less fly ash and the more slag, the higher the tensile strength. Silica fume at 360 days of age increase strength when the mixing proportion was 30%. 5. The more fly ash and the less slag and silica fume that were mixed, the greater the fire resistance. When added to and polypropylene fiber, the fire resistance of concrete of no effect. 6. The more fly ash and silica fume, the more carbonation shown and when there was only 10% slag present, the neutralization was also shown.

SS400강 용접부의 파괴인성치에 관한 연구

국정한,송일규,김봉중,오세용,성호현 한국기술교육대학교 1999 論文集 Vol.6 No.1

In this work, we studied the mechanical properties, structure and the stress intensity factor of the welded areas which were annealed from 500。C to 900。C with an interval of 100。C. The main results are as follow. 1. The as-welded specimen showed the highest tensile strength and yield point. The tensile strength and the yield point decrease as the annealing temperature increased from 500。C to 900。C, and they became smaller in the order of deposited metal, heat affected zone and base metal. 2. The hardness was maximum at about 9 mm from the welding center line, and it decreased drastically in the heat affected zone located between 9∼15mm from the center line. 3. The elongation decreased in the order of base metal, the fusion zone and heat affected zone while it increased as annealing temperature increased. 4. The stress intensity factor(S. I. F.) declined as the length of notch increased and it became smaller in the order of fusion zone, base metal and heat affected zone. This is because fracture toughness is affected by brittlization at heat affected zone as well as the initiation and propagation of cracks.

비내시경을 이용한 안와 내벽 골절 정복 2예

김진국,남태욱,임채형,김재영,김정석 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2001 건국의과학학술지 Vol.11 No.-

Traditional surgical approaches to orbital medial wall fractures are either extraocular skin incision or indirect bicoronal flap. However these methods can leave remarkable orbital scar or scalp alopecia with possible complications. Endoscopic intranasal visualization of the medial orbital wall and lamina papyracea is a technique familar to otolaryngologists. This endoscopic view allows confirmation of fracture of medial orbital wall and herniation of orbital contents. Good visualization of the fracture can facilitate the anatomic reduction of orbital contents and the proper placement of orbital implant. Two cases of medial orbital wall fracture repaired by intranasal endoscopy using silastic sheet are reported.

소장내 위석에 의한 장폐쇄증으로 발생한 급성신부전 1례

김승민,남지형,김준섭,이용국,최재혁,강혁주,탁우택,이정호,정호근 東國大學校醫學硏究所 2007 東國醫學 Vol.14 No.1

Gastric bezoars are concretions or hard masses of foreign matter found in the gastrointestinal tract. It may induce many complications including intestinal obstruction. No report has been proposed on a case of prerenal ARF induced by intestinal obstruction by small-bowel bezoar. Therefore, we report a case of the patient with ARF associated with small-bowel bezoar, who initially visited with the symptoms of nausea and frequent vomiting. 위석(bezoar)은 여러 가지 이물 및 내재성물질이 위장관내에서 혼합되어 응고물을 형성한 것을 말하며, 가장 흔한 형태의 합병증으로 장폐쇄증이 올 수 있으나, 그로 인하여 신부전의 양상으로 나타나는 경우는 흔하지 않다. 이에 저자들은 내원 당시의 병력 및 이학적 검사만으로 장폐색의 원인이 위석임을 의심할 수 없었던 비전형적인 소견을 보인 소장내의 위석에 의한 장폐쇄증과 이로 인해 발생한 급성신부전의 예를 경험하였기에 이에 보고하는 바이다.