‘선비’의 현대적 구현을 위한 시론 - ‘선비’ 또는 ‘선비정신’과 관련된 몇 가지 현실적 논의 -

이치억 ( Lee Chieok ) 한국유교학회 2021 유교사상문화연구 Vol.- No.83

최근 우리 사회의 곳곳에서 ‘선비’나 ‘선비정신’에 대한 관심이 부쩍 높아지고, 이에 관한 연구도 활발해졌다. 한때 청산해야 할 구시대의 유물로 치부된 적도 있었지만, 전통문화에 대한 재조명의 조류를 타고 긍정적인 담론이 형성되었다. 기존의 담론들은 공통적으로 이상적 인간상으로서의 선비가 통시대적인 인물로서 현대사회에서도 반드시 필요하다는 점을 주장하고 있다. 아울러 그 실현방식으로서, 지도자가 선비정신을 구현하고 실천해야 한다는 주장과 모든 시민에게 주체적으로 선비정신을 구현해야 한다는 주장이 주로 제시되었다. 본 논문은 기존에 축적된 이러한 연구와 담론을 바탕으로 ‘실질적 선비(정신) 구현의 방법’이라는 진일보된 논의를 진행하였다. 이 과정에서 논자는 선비정신의 현대적 구현을 위해서 무엇보다 먼저 사풍(士風)의 진작이 중요하다는 점을 주장했다. 이어 이 사풍의 진작을 가로막는 몇 가지 난관을 분석했다. 첫 번째 난관은 선비에 대한 현실과 이상의 괴리이다. ‘선비’라는 말에 대한 사람들의 인식은 매우 넓은 스펙트럼에 분포해 있다. 가장 이상적인 인간상을 지칭하는 최고의 찬사에서, 놀림과 비하를 지나 욕설에 이르기까지, ‘선비’라는 말의 영욕(榮辱)은 그 이상과 현실의 괴리를 극명하게 보여준다. 이러한 현 상황은 선비와 선비정신의 구현이라고 하는 범선비담론의 목적 실현에 가장 큰 걸림돌로 작용하고 있다. 두 번째 난관은 기존의 선비상(像)이 지나치게 그들의 희생적이고 도덕적인 측면만 부각되어 있다는 점이다. 이 또한 선비가 일반인들이 범접하지 못할 인물로 인식되는 결과를 초래함으로써 선비(정신)의 구현에 장애로 작용한다. 이에 본 논문에서는 현대적 선비(정신)의 실현을 위한 현실적인 방향을 제시했다. ‘선비의 인간적 면모에 대한 재인식’과 ‘실질적인 선비 양성[養士]의 필요성’이 그것이다. 기존의 연구와 담론이 선비의 영웅적 면모를 소개하는데 치중해 있다면, 이제는 그들의 인간적 면모를 아울러 보여줄 때가 되었다는 점을 주장했다. 이로써 우리는 그간 경이원지(敬而遠之)했던 선비를 우리의 가까운 곳으로 모셔올 수 있을 것이다. 그러한 한편으로 지금 이 시대를 살아가는 선비의 양성이 필요하다는 주장을 제기했다. 기존의 유학 연구자와는 조금 성격이 다른, ‘위기지학으로서의 유학을 공부하는 학자’로서의 새로운 ‘선비[士]’ 그룹을 형성함으로써 이들을 통해 선비정신을 구현하고 사풍을 진작시킬 수 있을 것이다. Recently, interest in ‘Seonbi’ and ‘Seonbi spirit’ has increased in many parts of our society, and research has also been dynamic. At one time, it was regarded as a relic of the old era to be liquidated, but a positive discourse was formed on the tide of re-examination of traditional culture. Previous discourse argues that Seonbi as an ideal human being is a diachronic figure and is necessary in modern society as well. The approach is mainly focused on arguments that the leader must demonstrate and practice the spirit of Seonbi called ‘Seonbi Leadership’, and that all citizens must independently demonstrate the spirit of Seonbi. Based on these previously accumulated studies and discourse, this paper conducts an advanced discussion called 'how to implement a practical Seonbi spirit'. In the process, it presents that advancement of Seonbi spirit is important for the modern implementation of ethos of Seonbi. Furthermore, I analyzes several difficulties that prevents the rise of the ethos of Seonbi. The first obstacle is the gap between reality and ideals about Seonbi. People's perception of the term ‘Seonbi’ is spread over a very wide spectrum. From the highest praise, which refers to the most ideal human figure, to teasing, to slander, to swearing, the spirituality of the word ‘Seonbi’ clearly shows the gap between ideals and reality. Such situation is the biggest obstacle to the realization of the purpose of the pan-Seonbi discourse called implementation of Seonbi and Seonbi spirit. The second difficulty is that the character of Seonbi is overly focused on their sacrificial and moral aspects. By setting 'Seonbi' as a figure that is not familiar to the general public, it acts as a barrier to the implementation of Seonbi spirit. Accordingly, this study suggests a realistic direction for the implementation of the spirit of Seonbi in modern society, which includes ‘recognition of the human aspect of Seonbi’ and ‘the need and method for cultivating substantive Seonbi’. Previous research and discourse highlighted the heroic aspect of the Seonbi, but at this stage, showing their humane aspects together can be effective in renewing the perception of the Seonbi. A new group of Seonbi as ‘scholars studying Confucianism as Learning for oneself(爲己之學), which is different from existing researchers, will be able to realize the spirit of Seonbi and encourage ethos of Seonbi.

코골이 및 폐쇄성 수면무호흡증에서 Laser-assisted Uvulopalatoplasty와 LaserUvulopalatopharyngoplasty의 치료 성적 : 장기추적관찰후 환자 만족도 조사

김재호,이윤식,박형욱,송용진,남순열,김용재,이봉재 대한이비인후과학회 2000 대한이비인후과학회지 두경부외과학 Vol.43 No.2

전해산성수를 이용한 새로운 내시경 소독 시스템(Cleantop WM-1??)의 소독효율

이준행,이풍렬,송재훈,이남용,임윤정,장재권,김영호,김재준,백승운,이종철,최규완 대한감염학회 2001 감염 Vol.33 No.2

Background : Electrolyzed acid water (EAW) is a new liquid chemical germicide containing a mixture of oxidizing species and prepared by mixing a small amount of salt with tap water in an electrolyzer. We attempted an in-use evaluation of the high-level disinfection capability of Cleantop WM-1□, a new endoscope reprocessing system using EAW. Methods : Forty-seven flexible endoscopes were randomly collected just after upper endoscopic examinations and were disinfected using Cleantop WM-1□. Parts of the endoscopes without contact to EAW were disinfected with 75% ethyl alcohol. Immediately after the disinfection procedure, samples were taken from the biopsy channel (S-1), tip of the insertion tube (S-2), the umbilical cord (S-3), and the angulation knob (S-4). Results : In EAW-disinfected parts of the endoscopes, the culture-positive rates were 4.3% (2/47) in S-1 samples and 12.8% (6/47) in S-2 samples. In ethyl alcohol-disinfected area, the culture-positive rates were 2.1% (1/47) in S-3 samples and 25.5% (12/47) in S-4 samples. The colony counts of culture-positive samples ranged from 1 to 144. Pseudomonas aerugi-nasa was recovered from the angulation knob of an endoscope, but other contaminating organisms were mostly : normal flora or opportunistic pathogens. Conclusion : Although part of the endoscopes disinfected with 75% ethyl alcohol were contaminated with more organisms than EAW-disinfected areas, Cleantop WM-1□ showed a relatively good disinfection efficacy in reprocessing patient-used endoscopes. (Korean J Infect Dis 33:133∼138, 2001)

지역사회획득 폐렴의 치료지침 권고안

송재훈,정기석,강문원,김도진,배현주,서지영,심태선,안중현,안철민,우준희,이남용,이동건,이미숙,이상무,이영선,이혁민,정두련,지역사회획득 폐렴 치료지침 제정위원회 대한감염학회 2009 감염과 화학요법 Vol.41 No.3

A successful therapy of community-acquired pneumonia requires appropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy. Etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of major pathogens of pneumonia can differ by country. Therefore, an ideal treatment guideline of community-acquired pneumonia should be based on the studies performed in each country. We developed a treatment guideline for community-acquired pneumonia in immunocompetent adults in Korea. This guideline was developed by the joint committee of the Korean Society for Chemotherapy, the Korean Society of Infectious Diseases, and the Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory diseases.

만성두통 환자의 성격유형 A 행태, 스트레스, 우울 및 두통영향정도의 관계 연구

차남현,임사비나,정인태,김수영,안경애,김건식,이재동,이상훈,최도영,이윤호,이두익 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

To examine an estimate factor and grasp the relation of difference for Ype A Behavior Pattern(TABP), Perceived Stress Questionnaire. Depression and HIT-6 in the Chronic headache client. Method: Data collected by self-reported questionnaires from 38 client in S city who were selected by criteria of IHS, from the 19^(th) of October to 10^(th) of December, 2004. Result: 1) Differences between biographical data by TABP was significant by SaSang constitutions, by Stress was significantly influenced by age, and by Depression were significantly influenced health status and SaSang constitutions. 2) Correlations Coefficients among Study Variables were Stress and Depression(r=.494, p=.002) and Depression and HIT-6(r=.432, p=.010). 3) In regression analysis, HIT-6 were significantly influenced by Depression and Type A Behavior Pattern(TABP). These variables explained 38% and 34% respectively. Conclusion: The result suggest that chronic headache management with psychological aspect, as well as physical aspect should be a focus to enhance the quality of life.

생약추출물 유도형 Nitric Oxide Synthase 저해활성 검색

류재하,이소영,박재현,이화진,장세란,은진희,김남이,정연수,장미경,최영은,이숙현,손행자,안한나,고혜진 숙명여자대학교 약학연구소 2001 약학논문집-숙명여자대학교 Vol.17 No.-

Nitric Oxide (NO), derived from L-arginine, is produced by two types (constitutive and inducible) of nitric oxide synthase (NOS: cNOS and iNOS). The NO produced in large amounts by the iNOS is known to be responsible for the vasodilation and hypotension observed in septic shock and inflammation. The inhibitors of iNOS, thus, may be useful candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases accompanied by the overproduction of NO. We prepared alcoholic extracts of herbal drugs which have been used for the treatment of inflammation in oriental medicine. We have screened the inhibitory activity of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages after the treatment of these extracts. Among the 81 kinds of extracts of herbal drugs, 34 extracts showed potent inhibitory activity of NO production above 50% at the concentration of 50 (μg/ml. The inhibitory activities of NO production were also evaluated for several solvent fractions at three different concentrations. Especially, hexane soluble fractions of Agrimonia pilosa, Hydrangea serrata, Machilus thunbergii, Prunella vulgaris, Saussurea lappa, Tussilago farfara, and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Angelica gigas, Ostericum koreanum, Torilis japonica, Perilla frutescence showed moderate activity at 10 and/ or 25 (μg/ml. These fractions are promising candidates for the study of the activity-guided chromatographic purification of active compounds.

만성두통환자에 대한 침치료가 심박변이도에 미치는 영향

정인태,이상훈,김수영,차남현,김건식,이두익,이재동,임사비나,이윤호,최도영 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of acupuncture treatment for chronic headache patients using power spectrum analysis of the heart rate variability(HRV). Methods : 15 clinical experiment participants were gathered and through a questionnaire patients who experienced headache for more than 4 hours a day and more than 15 days per month were qualified as Chronic Headache patients. Treatment was applied 2 times a weeks for 8 weeks. The acupoints, GV20, HN23, ST8, HN46, TE17, GB20, LI20, LI11, LI14, ST36, and LR3 were stimulated for 20 minutes. The effects of acupuncture treatment were analyzed using power spectrum analysis of the HRV, HRV was recorded before and after acupuncture treatment. Results : HRV before and after treatment was compared after 8 weeks of acupuncture treatment. Increase in mean values of SDNN and RMSSD were observed but the increases were not statistically significants. Increase in mean values of TP, LF and HF were observed but, the increase was significant(p<0.05) only in TP. Conclusions : The results suggest that acupuncture treatment on chronic headache patients can increase the activity of autonomic nervous system. Further use of HRV for quantitative analysis of acupuncture treatment on autonomic nervous system related symptoms is suggested.

계지의 항염 효과에 관한 연구

박히준,이지숙,이재동,김남재,표지희,강전모,최일환,김수영,심범상,이제헌,임사비나 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Objectives : Cinnamomi Ramulus (CR), the young twing of Cinnamomi loureirii nees, has been used for treating symptoms related to pain. rheumatic arthritis and inflammation in Korean herb medicine. This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of CR in vivo and in vitro. Methods : Extracts of CR were prepared and the chemical components of the extracts were examined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The extracts were administrated to the rat paw edema model induced by carrageenan to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of CR. The expressions of nitric oxide (NO). prostaglandin E2(PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 were also quantified in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages to survey the effect of CR in vitro. The main components were cinnamaldechyde and coumarin. Results : We examined the anti-inflammatory activity of the 80% ethanol extract of Cinnamomi Ramulus in vivo by using carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. Maximum inhibition of 54.9% was noted at the dose of 1000㎎/㎏ after 2 hours of drug administration in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and this showed a potent anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusions : The results showed that Cinnamomi Ramulus suppressed dose-dependently LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages and also decreased iNOS protein expression. Cinnamomi Ramulus also showed a significant inhibitory effect in LPS-induced PGE2 production and COX-2 expression.

침 치료가 오십견(五十肩) 환자의 적외선 체열촬영에 미치는 영향

김건형,이로민,남동우,김종인,임사비나,이두익,최도영,이윤호,이재동 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2006 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2006 No.-

Objectives : To observe the effect of acupuncture treatment on Digital Infrared Thermographic Imaging(DITI) in frozen shoulder patients. Methods : 17 voluntary patients received acupuncture treatment on LI15, TE14, GB21 and Master Dong's acupuncture points, Shin-gwanand Gyun-joong, twice a week for 4 weeks. The patients were instructed to practice self exercise during their daily lives. Evaluations were made before treatment, after 1 week of treatment, after 2 weeks, 3 weeks and after 4 weeks of treatment. Constant Shoulder Assessment(CSA), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index(SPADI), Range of Motion(ROM) and the patient's satisfaction concerning the treatment was measured by Visual Analogue Scale(VAS). DITI was measured before treatment and after 4weeks of treatment. The obtained data was analyzed. Results : CSA, SPADI, VAS, adduction and extension showed significant(p<0.05) improvement. Abduction and flexion both improved after 4 weeks of treatment, but the improvement was statistically insignificant(p>0.05). DITI showed improvement but the improvement was insignificant(p>0.05). Conclusion : 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment significantly improved CSA, SPADI, VAS, adduction and extension in frozen shoulder patients(p<0.05). The improvement of abduction and flexion after 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment was insignificant(p>0.05). DITI results improved after 4 weeks of acupuncture treatment. But the change of thermal difference was insignificant(p>0.05).

고량강의 항염증 작용에 대한 연구

박히준,이제현,김수영,심범상,구헌종,강전모,최일환,이재동,김남재,이지숙,임사비나 EAST-WEST MEDICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE KYUNG HEE UNI 2005 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2005 No.-

Objective : The use of herbal therapy is becoming an increasingly attractive approach for the treatment of various inflammatory disorders. The Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma is popular in Aisa as a traditional herbal medicine. Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma is a species of the ginger family(Zingiberacease). Method : This study was performed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma extract by the methods of "carrageenan induced paw edema" and "Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory mediators in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells". Result : We suggest that Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma extract decreased paw volume induced by plantar injection of carrageenan. Also Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma extract inhibited nitric oxide, prostaglandin E₂production and induced nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression in Mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Conclusion : This study shows that Alpiniae officinari Rhizoma extract seems to have anti-inflammatory effect by inhibition of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E_(2) production and nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression.