Underlying representation in geminates: from OT perspective

Sung-Hoon Hong,Chang-Kook Suh 한국음운론학회 2004 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.10 No.1

Hong, Sung-Hoon, and Chang-Kook Suh. 2004. Underlying represen-tation in Geminates: from an OT perspective. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology. 10.1. 129.144. This research has examined the status of Underlying Representation (UR) in Optimality Theory focusing on the representation of consonant geminates. For this purpose, we have examined geminate/singleton alternation in Ponapean employing Lexicon Optimization (LO), an algorithm proposed to select a UR among multiple inputs. We have seen that simple application of LO is problematic in singling out a UR for the case of alternation. This leads us to the version of LO that is performed on the paradigms, rather than on an individual forms (Tesar and Smolensky 1996, 2000, Inkelas 1995, 1998). After a thorough implementation of LO, we have found that the URs are simply identical to the input forms; geminate UR for the alternating case and singleton UR for the nonalternating case. Further, it was shown that a unique underlying representation of geminates, regardless of their positions in which they occur, can account for the exceptional geminate behaviors. (Hansung University and Cheonan University)

Underspecification in Optimality Theory: Vowel Harmony in Classical Manchu

Sung-Hoon Hong 한국음운론학회 2002 음성·음운·형태론 연구 Vol.8 No.2

Hong, Sung-Hoon. 2002. Underspecification in Optimality Theory: Vowel Harmony in Classical Manchu. Studies in Phonetics, Phonology and Morphology 8.2. 323-350. This paper addresses some important issues raised by A TR harmony in Classical Manchu, formerly treated as front/back harmony. Here, the front high vowel [i] is totally inactive with respect to the harmony: it is transparent to the harmony, and further, it does not initiate the harmony. I will show that these properties of [i] will be properly explained if we allow underspecified [i] as an option for inputs and output candidate forms. Allowing underspecified [i] in fact accords more with basic notions of Optimality Theory (OT) such as Freedom of Analysis and Richness of the Base than the analyses that do not tolerate this possibility. I will further show that once we allow underspecified [i], its selection in output candidate forms or in input forms is totally governed by OT principles such as constraint interaction and Lexicon Optimization, respectively. (Hansung University)

정보이론 기반 한국어 준말의 분석

홍성훈 ( Sung Hoon Hong ),박선우 ( Sunwoo Park ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2016 언어연구 Vol.33 No.2

In casual speech of Korean, words are often reduced to shorter forms by reducing one or more syllables from the original words. This word reduction comes in three types: simple deletion of one or more syllables from the source word, reduction motivated by hiatus avoidance, and reduction created by deletion of subsyllabic segment(s) with subsequent resyllabification. The third type, which we call "subsyllabic reduction (SSR)," is particularly interesting because it is not clear what motivates this specific deletion of segment strings and the subsequent phonological restructuring. This paper examines the issues surrounding SSR from the perspective of information theory (Shannon 1948) and proposes that SSR occurs to improve string well-formedness and collocational strength between segments, which are measured respectively by information-theoretic notions of ``positive logarithm`` (plog; Goldsmith 2002, 2011) and ``mutual information``. To elaborate this proposal, we compiled a list of reduced words created by SSR and examined how plog and mutual information vary with SSR. We obtained a partially positive result: Among the five types of SSR, the values of plog and mutual information change as we expected in three types, which account for 270 out of 309 cases of SSR. We suggested a tentative explanation for the remaining cases based on reverse derivation and word-edge effect. (Aitchison 2011). (Hankuk University of Foreign Studies · Keimyung University)

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

《苦戀》의 자리

洪尙勳 한국중국어문학회 2000 中國文學 Vol.33 No.-

大多中國現代文學史家把白樺. 彭寧兩人所共著《苦戀》, 근鄭義《楓》. 金河《重逢》. 王亞平《神聖的使命》. 張弦《쟁不斷的紅絲線》等一些作品一起, 籠統地歸入于代表所謂 '傷痕文學' 的作品. 其實, 這種分類흔容易怒略這篇作品的又重要又複雜的幾個問題. 首先, 考慮《苦戀》問世時點就是1979年9月(于北京的)《十月》第3期), 那應, 我們應當把詹聯緊于 '反思文學' . 第二, 在形式面, 《苦戀》흔緊密地影響于 '電影文學' - 現代中國獨特的一種藝術樣式. 可是, '傷痕文學'這個分類只是根據于作品的情節, 或者于內容上一些特點, 却忽略這篇作品的全體藝術成就 - 票少타開創了半文學半電影的一個特珠的樣式. 我們不能把《苦戀》作品水平本身擁戴而上在時代冠群的位置. 雖然如此, 타在 '新時期' 中國文學從 '傷痕文學' 到 '反思文學' 的過渡期, 不但預示了-種先進的. 可能被包括在 '人間學' 的文學前兆, 而且타可能作爲先驅地反映了西方現代主義的-種最顯明的例子. 西方現代主義在改革. 開放的潮流中乘機流入到中國以後, 深刻地刺激了文學. 藝術創作摸索根本變化. 其實, 我們可以說, 《苦戀》也在一方面爲了現代中國所謂 '第5世代' 電影發揮美學的映像提供了一個充實的基盤, 영一方面開創了80年代中葉以後興盛的那種意識流小說的前途. 可是, 80年代初葉中國的社會. 政治. 思想界還處于向現代化的萌芽階驗, 所以, 相對的激進《苦戀》不可避免被抑麗了.

소장 질환이 의심되는 환자에서 캡슐내시경과 CT 소견의 비교

이성수,홍성숙,김정훈,김연수,김진오,권석범,박성태,장윤우,최득린,권귀향 순천향의학연구소 2007 Journal of Soonchunhyang Medical Science Vol.13 No.1

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Enamel Microabrasion을 시행한 법랑질과 복합레진의 전단결합강도

홍기상,이상훈,이상대 大韓小兒齒科學會 2000 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.27 No.1

Enamel microabrasion은 염산과 연마제를 사용하여 치아의 착색을 제거하는 술식으로서, 그 효과는 법랑질 표층에 국한된다. Enamel microabrasion으로 모든 착색이 치료 가능한 것은 아니므로, 착색이 깊을 경우에는 microabrasion후에도 제거되지 않고 남은 착색부위를 광중합 복합레진을 사용해 수복할 것이 권장된다. 본 연구의 목적은 enamel microabrasion의 방법과 시간이 법랑질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합걍도에 미치는 영향을 조사하는 것이었다. 아무런 처치도 하지 않은 대조군을 1군으로 하였고, 18% 염산과 fine pumice의 혼합물을 hand applicator로 치면에 5초씩 5,10회 적용시킨 것을 각각 2,3군으로 하였다. 10% 염산과 연마제의 혼합물인 기성품 PREMA를 10:1 gear reduction handpiece로 20초씩 5, 10회 적용시킨 것을 각각 4,5군으로 하였다. 여기에 37% 인산으로 부식 후 복합레진을 결합시켜 thermocycling 후 전단결합강도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 2군이 가장 높은 결합강도(24.36±3.34MPa)를 나타내었고, 3군이 가장 낮은 결합강도 (19.35±3.43MPa)를 보였다. 전단결합강도는 2>4>5>1>3군의 순서로 감소하였다. 2. 2군은 1군과 3군보다 통계학적으로 유의성있게 높은 결합강도를 나타내었다(p<0.05). 3. 염산과 pumice로 enamel microabrasion을 시행한 2,3군과 PREMA를 사용한 4,5군 사이에는 유의한 결합강도의 차이가 없었다 (p<0.05) 4. 파절면 검사에서, adhesive failure는 3,4군에서 나타났고, cohesive failure는 1,2,3,4군에서 관찰되었다. 5군에서는 mixed failure만이 관찰되었다. 5. SEM관찰에서, 염산과 pumice로 enamel microabrasion을 시행한 2,3군에서는 인산으로 부식한 것과 비슷한 표면양상이 관찰되었고, PREMA로 처리한 4,5군에서는 1군과 흡사한 매끈한 표면양상이 관찰되었다. 각 군의 시편을 인산으로 부식시킨 다음에는 전형적인 산부식 후의 표면양상이 관찰되었고, 군간 별다른 차이가 없었다. Enamel microabrasion is a means by which superficial enamel discoloration is removed using hydrochloric acid and fine pumice. As enamel microabrasion alone may not by sufficient in cases of deeper discoloration, composite resin restoration is recommended in areas where there is remaining discoloration. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different methods and number of applications of enamel microabrasion on the shear bond strength of composite resin to enamel. Untreated control was designated as groups1,5-second applications of a mixture of 18% HCI and fine pumice were performed 5 and 10 times on groups 2 and 3, respectively. A commercially available mixture of 10% HCI and abrasives (PREMA) was appliedusing a 10:1 gear reduction handpiece 5 and 10 times on groups 4 and 5, respectively, with each application lasting 20 seconds. After etching with 37% phosphoric acid, composite resin was bonded. Thermocycling was performed and shear bond strength was measured. The following results were obtained: 1. Group 2 showed the highest bond strength(24.36±3.34), while group 3 showed the lowest (19.35±3.43). Shear bond strength decreased in the following order: 2>4>5>1>3. 2. Group 2 showed bond strength significantly higher compared to groups 1 and 3(p<0.05). 3. There were no significant differences between groups 2 and 3, which had been microabraded using HCI and pumice, and groups 4 and 5, to which PREMA had been applied, when bond strengths were compared(p>0.05) 4. When modes of fracture were examined, adhesive failure was observed in groups 3 and 4, while cohesive failure was observed in groups 1,2,3 and 4. Only mixed failures were found in group 5. 5. When viewed using a SEM, groups 2 and 3, which had been microabraded using HCI and pumice, showed surface appearances similar to that of enamel etched with phosphoric acid. Groups 4 and 5, treated with PREMA, exhibited a smooth surface similar to that of group 1. All groups showed similar, typical surface characteristics following phosphoric acid etching.

모니터 소재의 색상편차 개선을 위한 6시그마 프로젝트

홍성훈,반재석 한국품질경영학회 2001 품질경영학회지 Vol.29 No.3

This paper considers a six sigma project for reducing the color variation of the monitor materials in a chemical plant. The project follows a disciplined process of five macro phases: define, measure, analyze, improve, and control (DMAIC). A process map is used to identify process input variables. Three key process input variables are selected by using an input variable evaluation table; a melting pressure, a coloring agent, and a DP color variation. DOE is utilized for finding the optimal process conditions of the three key process input variables. The sigma level of defects rate becomes a 4.58 from a 2.0 at the beginning of the project.

근관충전방법에 따른 내흡수 치근의 근관충전 효율성 비교

홍찬의,신동훈,하상윤 大韓齒科保存學會 1995 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.20 No.2

한국 다국적기업의 해외법인 청산에 관한 의사결정

홍성훈 호남대학교 2007 학술논문집 Vol.28 No.1

This study analyses the decision-makings of Korean manufacturing firms listed on the Stock Exchange to divest foreign subsidiaries that were established during the period of 1986-2004. According to the estimation of Cox regression models, chaebol-affiliated firms showed higher rates of divestment for strategic reasons such as relocation or resource transfer. However, the control level of parent firms on subsidiaries and their international experience seemed to have no impacts on the decision-makings for divestment. The results also demonstrated that firms investing in host countries with larger domestic markets showed higher rates of divestment, but those investing in highly growing markets recorded lower rates of divestment. In conclusion, in order to divest foreign operations, Korean firms are likely to consider factors relating to the economic environment of host countries more than those relating to parent or child firms. It seems to be because they are less experienced and/or less competent compared to those from advanced regions.