고온에서 HAN 계열 추진제 액적의 거동에 대한 연구

황창환(Chang Hwan Hwang),백승욱(Seung Wook Baek),한조영(Cho Young Han),김수겸(Su Kyum Kim),전형열(Hyung Yeol Jeon) 한국연소학회 2012 KOSCOSYMPOSIUM논문집 Vol.- No.45

The droplet behavior of 83.9 wt.% HAN water solution was investigated experimentally with various ambient temperature and nitrogen environment. At the initial stage of evaporation under thermal decomposition temperature of HAN, gradual decreasing of droplet diameter was observed. After that, the droplet started to expand due to the internal pressure build up by water nucleation inside the droplet. The micro explosion was observed at higher temperature than the decomposition temperature of HAN and the remaining droplet showed similar behavior of single composition droplet. The decreasing rate was augmented as the ambient temperature increasing.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

고령자 남녀와 20대 남녀에 있어서 다양한 등속수축중 최대 모멘트의 비교

金智源(Ji-Won Kim),金相佑(Sang-Woo Kim),文基旭(Ki-Wook Moon),嚴光文(Gwang-Moon Eom),李泳揆(Young-Gyu Lee),南貞淑(Jung-Sook Nam),朴寬龍(Kwan-Yong Park),金耀翰(Yo-Han Kim),洪廷和(Jeong-Hwa Hong),朴炳奎(Bung-Kyu Park) 대한전기학회 2008 전기학회논문지 Vol.57 No.10

In this paper, we investigated the maximum ankle joint plantarflexion moment (MPM) of young and elderly subjects during various modes of isokinetic contractions with special interest in the elderly females who were reported to have higher fall rate than the elderly males. Subjects include the young subjects (14 males: 22.7±2.5yrs, 13 females: 20.5±1.3yrs) and the elderly subjects (17 males: 65.8±10.5yrs, 26 females: 71.4±5.2yrs). The MPM was normalized by each subject's body weight. The MPM of elderly females was the weakest among the groups, particularly, at the eccentric contractions. The male-to-female ratio of MPM was greater in the elderly than in the young and the young-to-elderly ratio of MPM was greater in female than in male, both during the eccentric contractions. The result suggests that the decreased muscle force per body weight, especially at the eccentric contraction, may be one reason for the more frequent fall of the elderly female than the elderly male.

멀티미디어 프로그램이 초등학생들의 자연과 학습성취도 및 과학에 대한 태도 변화에 미치는 효과

한영옥,허성만 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2000 논문집 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of the CAI (Computer Assisted Instruction) program in Multimedia Environment on science achievement and attitude toward the science of the fifth grade students in elementary school when the multimedia program about the change of the weather in the field of earth science was applied to the general classroom circumstances(just noe computer and a large group made of over the forty students) The results were; 1. There were meaningful differences in the learning achievement levels between the class which learned science through the CAI program in multimedia environment and the class which learned science through the traditional method of lecture (F=4.854 p<.05) 2. There weren't any meaningful differences in the effect on the learning achievement levels of the multimedia program according to the learning level of the class (The class A which learned science through the CAI program in multimedia environment : F=.025 p> .05, The class B which learned science through the CAI program in multimedia environment : F=1.630 p> .05). 3. There were no meaningful differences in the attitude toward the science between the class which learned the science through the CAI program in multimedia environment and the class which learned science though the traditional method of lecture(F=.588 p> .05). As the results of this study, there were meaningful differences in the learning achievement levels when the multimedia program about the change of the weather in the elementary science of the fifth grade was was applied to the general classroom circumstances than it was applied to the traditional science classes. But there were no meaningful differences in the change of the learning achievement according to the difference of the learning level and the attitude toward science.

노면표시 제거 자동화 장비개발을 위한 작업공정분석

한재구,김균태,권순옥,함영복 대한건축학회 2004 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.24 No.1

Present removal work for road signs has been required many workers and times because it has been worked by a manually controlled shaving equipment. While these manual works are progressing, there are unwillingly traffic jam by passing control, and unexpected accidents to all workers exposed dangerous road circumstance. Besides, in current shaving method, there are high potentialities on air pollution as well as explosive accidents occurred by using propane gas. However there have been little efforts to improve technical impediments and to develop a new method or equipment related to the road sign erasing works in domestic construction industry. The purpose of this study is to investigate the road sign erasing work processes of the existing in detail and to analyze the required performance criteria for the automated equipment development.

Crystal Structure of a Methanol Sorption Complex of Dehydrated Partially Cobalt(Ⅱ)-Exchanged Zeoite A

韓榮旭,張世福,金洋 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1993 科學敎育硏究 Vol.18 No.-

부분적으로 Co^2+ 이온으로 치환한 제올라이트 A를 탈수한 후 메탄올을 흡착한 결정구조(a=12.169(1) A)를 입방공간군 Pm3m를 사용하여 단결정 X-선 회절법으로 해석하고 정립화하였다. 이 결정은 360˚C에서 2±10^+Torr 하에서 2일간 진공 탈수한 후 22(1)˚C에서 약 104Torr의 메탄올 증기로 약 1시간동안 흡착시켰다. Full-matrix 최소자승법 정밀화 계산에서 1>3α(1)인 147개의 독립 반사를 사용하여 최종 오차 인자를 R1=0.061, R2=0.062까지 정밀화시켰다. 단위세포당 4개의 Co^2+ 이온과 1.5개의 Na^+ 이온은 6-링 산소와 결합하고 있었다. 4개의 Co^2+ 이온은 0(3)의 (111) 평면에서 큰 동공 쪽으로 약 0.44 (18)A 들어가 위치하고 1.5개의 Na^+ 이온은 0(3) (111)평면에서 소다라이트 동공 깊숙히 약 0.55A 들어간 자리에 이치하고 있다. 단위세포당 약 6.5개의 메탄올 분자가 흡착되었다. 단위세포당 약 6.5개의 메탄올 분자는 큰 동공 내에 위치하였고 4개의 Co^2+ 이온과 2.5개의 Na^+ 이온과 결합하고 있다.. 4개의 산소는 6-링에 위치한 Co^2+ 이온과 결합하고 나머지 2개의 산소는 6-링에 위치한 Na^+ 이온과 결합하고 있다. The crystal structure of a methanol sorption complex of dehydrated partially Co(Ⅱ)-exchanged zeolite A, Co_4Na_4-A 6.5CH_3OH(a=12.169(1) A˚), has been determined by singlecrustal x-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Pm3m at 21(1)℃. Co_4Na_4-A was dehydrated at 360℃ and 2×10^-6 Torr for 2 days, followed by exposure to about 105 Torr of methanol vapor at 22(1)℃ for 1 hr. The structure was refined to fina error indices, R_1=0.061 and R_3=0.060 with 147 reflections, for which Ⅰ > 3σ(Ⅰ). In this structure, four Co^2+ ions and 1.5 Na^+ ions per unit cell lie at 6-ring positions:the Na^+ ions are recessed 0.444(18)A˚ into the sodalite unit and the Co(Ⅱ) ions extend ca. 0.55A˚ into the large cavity. 2.5 Na^+ ions lie in an 8-oxygen ring plane. The 6.5 methanol molecules are sorbed per unit cell. The 6.5 methanol oxygens, all in the large cavity, associate with the 4 Co^2+ ions and 2.5 Na^+ ions in two ways:four oxygens coodinate to 6-ring Co^2+ ions, and two coordinate to 8-ring.

문학 자료를 활용한 통합적 과학 탐구 학습의 초등 과학 학습에 대한 효과

한영욱,이우경 한국초등과학교육학회 2005 초등과학교육 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of integrated science inquiry learning method through literature materials on the learner's science concept formation, inquiry ability, and attitude related to science when it was applied to the unit `The temperature of atmosphere and winds', `The journey of water' in the 5th grade, and to find out the effect on science learning according to learning styles. To study these subjects, 4 classes of 5th grade in J elementary school in Busan were selected. The result of this study were as follows: First, Integrated science inquiry learning method through literature materials was more effective for concept formation than conventional teaching method. In science inquiry ability, there was not significant difference at all between the comparison group and the experimental group. In attitude related to science, the experimental group showed significant difference only in the interest in occupation related to science. The visual modality learners within the experimental group showed significantly higher statistics than the other modality learners in the post-investigation into the science concept and there was significant difference between the visual and the kinesthetic modality learners in the result of post-test on science inquiry ability.

초등학교 과학과 수업에서 STS 수업 모형 적용에 따른 학습자 특성에 대한 연구

한영욱,심재윤 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2003 논문집 Vol.5 No.-

This study is about the difference of science knowledge achievement of learner's cognition level and their cognition style after developing and applying a science class program of the 575 models which is presented by Iowa Chautauqua Program. In this study, we picked out two classes. a total of 81 elementary students. The STS class model program was applied to the experimental group and the traditional class was applied to the comparison group. Then we looked into the alteration of the science knowledge achievement, the inquiry ability and the attitude toward science. We also studied on the effect of the student's cognition level and their cognitive style which were differently shown in the STS model class. The results of the study are as follows. First, statistics figures of our study after classes show that the experimental group with the STS class model is significantly higher than the comparison group with the attitude toward science. Secondly, in the cognitive levels, the students with STS model class show much higher statistics in inquiry ability of formal operation stage's alteration, in the attitude toward science of transitional stage's alteration. The students of the concrete operation stage show much higher statistics in the science knowledge achievement and in the inquiry ability. Third, in the cognitive style, the statistics shows that students of the field independent group is higher in the alteration of the science knowledge achievement is higher in the change of attitude toward science, compared with the comparison group with the basic traditional class. So far we have found that class with STS model is much more effective in elementary school students' science achievement than the students with the traditional class, not only in the concrete operation stage about the cognitive levels but also in the middle group between the field independent and the field dependent group on the style of cognition Therefore because most students in elementary school belong to concrete operation stage and the lower levels of cognitive level, we can conclude that the class applied with STS model, which is basically focused on the practical life and subject from real life, affects elementary students more effectively.

초등학교 5차와 6차 교육과정의 자연과 교과서 지구과학 영역의 분석 및 비교

한영옥 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1996 科學敎育硏究 Vol.21 No.-

The purpose of the present study is to analyze and to compare with the earth science sections of the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th grade science text books of primary school of the 5th curriculum and those of the 6th curriculum. Analysis forms are consisted of giving questions, inquiry processes and knowledges. Inquiry processes are divided by twelve subcategories such as observation, classification, measurement, prediction, inference, hypothesis, operational definition, variable control, data interpretation, model formation, experiment, and record and communication. Knowledge is divided into fact, concept and rule. Comparison items are composed of the names of chapters and units, the number of pages, sentences, pictures and photos, tables, giving question, inquiry process and knowledge containing science text books. The results of analysis and comparison are as follows; 1. the names of chapters are the same for both curriculums. But some of their unit names are different. 2. the numbers of pages and sentences are less in the 3rd and the 4th grade but they are more in the 5th and the 6th grade for the 6th curriculum. The sizes of pictures and photos are bigger for the 6th curriculum. 3. the rate of giving questions are less for 6th curriculum except the second semester of the third grade. 4. the rate of inquiry processes in the sixth curriculum is more emphasizing. 5. the rate of knowledge is less but the rule's rate of knowledge section is emphasizing.

초등 과학 교육 (지구과학 영역)을 위한 웹사이트 검색과 활용방안

한영욱,박선희 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2001 논문집 Vol.3 No.-

The purposes of this study were to survey and analyze the internet web-site to use for teaching earth science in elementary science education, and then to analyze its effects on students' accomplishment and recognition. For these purposes, the web- site related to elementary earth science were searched and analyzed. Also, in order to manage a class, four classes were selected from sixth grade of elementary course and divided into two groups: two classes were assigned to a experimental group, the other two were belonged to a comparative group. The experimental group was taught by learning model of using web-site, and the comparative group was worked by traditional learning model. Before and after teaching, the students' accomplishment was tested using a test paper. And then, to analyze their results, the statistics was used. Student's recognition learning with web-site has been surveyed and analyzed. The results are as follows: 1. As a result of searching internet web-sites, meaningfully usable web-sites in a field of elementary earth science education were summed up to 79 sites: 15 sites in a field of meteorology, 23 sites in geology, 25 sites in astronomy, and 16 sites in common aspects. 2. After teaching using web-site, the average score of experimental group was higher than that of comparative group in a part of students' accomplishment. 3. Teaching using web-site didn't have statistically meaningful effects on boys and girls in a part of students' accomplishment. 4. Boys liked new contents and various materials. On the other hand, girls liked to select their own subjects and to repeat to study them. 5. The students recognized studying science with web-site affirmatively: 68.9% of students felt a great interest in using web-site and 89.2% of students answered that they wanted to learn using web-site later. 6. In a level of accomplishment and understanding of learning with web-site, lower level students felt more difficulty to use internet. We suggested that the learning using web-site has affirmative effect on students' accomplishment and recognition for learning with internet web-site. This affirmative effect is caused by these merits students are able to have free and independent works regardless time and place, and get access easily to new and various materials, and they can experience impossible experiments indirectly through simulation.