외안각 절제술과 경결막 절개에 의한 안와 접근법

정종철,김성범,서지훈,송민석,전창훈,최세훈,김현민 대한악안면성형재건외과학회 2002 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.24 No.4

Various surgical approaches to the orbits have been used. But the transconjunctival approach, also called the inferior fornix incision, provides adequate access to the orbital floor with esthetic results. Additionally, transconjunctival approach with lateral canthotomy allows more wide surgical field and good access to the orbital area. Generally, preseptal approach is more used rather than postseptal approach in the transconjunctival incision for the prevention of fat herniation during surgery. There are some complications in transconjunctival approaches but these complications can be prevented with careful surgical techniques. We report clinical results in 12 patients who were treated by preseptal transconjunctival incision with lateral canthotomoy for the treatment of orbital trauma. We were satisfied with this technique for reduction and reconstruction of the orbital trauma and we could also observe relatively good esthetic results.

S.D. Rats를 이용 1, 1-Dichloro-1-fluoroethane의 아민성 흡입독성 연구

김현영,이성배,임철홍,김철우,점용현,한정희,전윤석,최수영,강대봉,이용묵 한국환경독성학회 2002 환경독성보건학회지 Vol.17 No.1

There were no specific effects for test materials on Sprague-Dawley (S.D.) rats in clinical symptoms, amounts of food intakes, weight changes, laboratory findings, and pathology after whole body l, l-Dichloro-1 -fluoroethane (used as coolant, metal cleaner and solvents) exposure(0, 1,500, 3,000, and 6,000 ppm) for 13 weeks (6 hour/day, 5 days/week). However, the loss of capillary vessels in eyeball (pupil) was observed in a female rat among 6,000 ppm group. Though there was a tendency for MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration) in rat to be decreased (p<0.05), it was not regarded as abnormal because the values were within normal limits. In asthma-stimulation related evaluations, there was also a tendency for inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavages to be increased. But it had no statistical significance, and also no dependency on sex and the exposed concentration. Based on this result, the non observed effect level (NOEL) induced by 1, 1-Dichloro-l -fluoroethene inhalation was evaluated in groups with 3,000 ppm below (S .D. Rats, 13 weeks). Finally, it was concluded that the short term exposal of 1, 1-Dichloro-l-fluoroethane is not considered as a asthma stimulant by inhalation despite of some study limitations such as test animals use and short-term exposure .

전기도금을 이용한 스테인레스 스틸 각형 선재의 굵기 증가 후 물성 변화

이정석,이기헌,황현식 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.2

본 연구는 전기도금을 이용하여 각형 선재의 굵기를 증가시킨 후 기존의 선재와 물성을 비교함으로서 이의 임상적 적용 가능성을 알아보고자 시행되었다. 한 변의 길이가 0.016 인치인 정사각형 스테인레스 스틸 교정용 선재에 니켈 전기도금을 시행하여 굵기를 0.01 인치 증가시켜 한 변의 길이가 0.017 인치인 정사각형 선재로 만들었고 도금층의 밀착성을 증진시키기 위해 400℃의 전기로 에서 10분간 열처리를 시행하였다. 시편의 물성변화를 알아보기 위하여 전기도금을 이용하여 제작된 15개의 시편을 실험군(016P군)으로, 기존의 0.016인치(016), 0.017 인치(017군) 스테인레스 스틸 교정용 선재를 대조군으로 설정한 후 3점 굴곡 시험과 비틀림 시험을 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 3점 굴곡 시험 결과 016P군에 비해 강성과 항복강도, 국한강도 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 강성과 극한강도는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 2. 3점 굴곡 시험 결과016P군이 017보다 강성과 항복강도, 극한강도 모두 낮은 경향을 보였으며, 강성은 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 3. 비틀림 시험 결과 016P군이 016군에 비해 비틀림 모멘트, 최대 비틀림 모멘트 모두 높았으며, 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 4. 비틀림 시험 결과 016P군이 017군에 비해 비틀림 강성과 항복 비틀림 모멘트, 최대 비틀림 모멘트 모두 낮은 경향을 보였으며, 이 중 항복 비틀림 모멘트와 최대 비틀림 모멘트에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과를 요약해 보면 각형 선재에 도금을 시행하여 굵기를 증가시키고 물성이 증가될 수 있음을 알았다. 비록 도금을 시행한 016P군이 기존의 017군보다 강성이 낮았으나 이는 반대로 016P군이 017군보다 탄성이 높음을 나타내며 토크조절이 부족한 경우 브라켓 슬롯에 쉽게 삽입되어 교정력을 발휘할 것으로 기대된다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical applications of electroplating method through investigation of the physical properties of orthodontic rectangular wires according to varying their cross section. For the study, it was accomplished to electroplate the 0.016-inched orthodontic rectangular stainless steel wire. The cross section of stainless steel orthodontic rectangular wire increased from 0.016 x 0.016 inch to 0.017 x 0.017 inch by electroplating. The wire was heat treated to improve an adhesion between the wire and electroplated metal. A three=point bending test and torsion test were conducted in order to compare physical properties among three wire groups; 0.016 X 0.016 wires (group 016), electroplated 0.016 x 0.016 wires (group 016P) and 0.017 x 0.017 wires (group 017). Through the investigation of each wire group, following results were obtained. 1. At three-point bending test, the group 016P showed higher tendency in the degree of stiffness, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength than the group 016. Stiffness and ultimate tensile strength showed statistically significant differences between two groups at three-point bending test (p<0.05). 2. Stiffness, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength of the group 016P showed lower tendency than those of the group 017. Stiffness showed statistically significant differenced between two groups at three-point bending test (p<0.05). 3. Torque/twist rate, yield torsional moment, and ultimate torsional moment of the group 016P showed higher tendency than those of the group 016. All measurements showed statistically significant differences between two groups after torsion test (p<0.05). 4. Torque/twist rate, yield torsional moment, and ultimate torsional moment of the group 016P showed lower tendency than those of the group 017. Yield torsional moment, and ultimate torsional moment showed statistically significant differences between two groups after torsion test(p<0.05)

전기도금을 이용한 스테인레스스틸 각형 선재의 굵기 증가 후 물성 변화

이정석,황현식,최광철,문재동 전남대학교 치의학연구소 2002 구강과학 Vol.14 No.1

The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinical applications of electroplating method through investigation of the physical properties of orthodontic rectangular wires according to varying their cross section. For the study, it was accomplished to electroplate the 0.016-inched orthodontic rectangular stainless steel wire. The cross section of stainless steel orthodontic rectangular wire increased from 0.016 X 0.016 inch to 0.017 X 0.017 inch by electroplating. The wire was heat treated to improve an adhesion between the wire and electroplated metal. A three-point bending test and torsion test were conduced in order to compare physical properties among three wire groups; 0.016 X 0.016 wires(group 016P) and 0.017 X 0.017 wires(group 017). Through the investigations of each wire group, following results were obtained. 1. At three-point bending test, the group 016P showed higher tendency in the degree of stiffness, yield strength and ultimate tensile strength than the group 016. Stiffness and ultimate tensile strength showed statistically significant differences between two groups at three-point bending test(p<0.05). 2. Stiffness, yield strength, and ultimate tensile strength of the group 016P showed lower tendency than those of the group 017. Stiffness showed statistically significant differences between two groups at three-point bending test(p<0.05). 3. Torque/twist rate, yield torsional moment, and ultimate torsional moment of the group 016P showed higher tendency than those of the group 016. All measurements showed statistically significant differences between two groups after torsion test(p<0.05). 4. Torque/twist rate, yield torsional moment, and ultimate torsional moment of the group 016P showed lower tendency than those of the group 017. Yield torsional moment, and ultimate torsional moment showed statistically significant differences between two groups after torsion test(p<0.05). Xylitol is a 5-carbons carbohydrate, which can be replaced with sucrose for preventing caries. The replication of Streptococcus mutans and its formation of artificial plaque were studied in the media containing xylitol. The combined effect of xylitol and other carbohydrates on Streptococcus mutans was also studied. The replication of Streptococcus mutans was inhibited according to the increased concentration of xylitol. Streptococcus mutans replicated at the initial stage of incubation in the media contaning glucose, fructose or lactose, while replication from the beginning of incubation in the media containing fructose as combining with xylitol. The formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans was significantly reduced in the media containing with xylitol and fructose. These results indicated that the replication of Streptococcus mutans was inhibited according to the increased concentration of xylitol, and the formation of artificial plaque by Streptococcus mutans was significantly inhibited in the media containing xylitol and fructose.

분만 전·후 사료급여 형태가 젖소의 생산성에 미치는 영향

기광석,김현섭,이왕식,이현준,김상범,정하연,은정식,김용국 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

This experiment was carried out to protect drops of feed intake should be plural prepartum and postpartum to reduce metabolic diseases after calving to know how feeding systems, which is divided as a low quility, a high quility and total mixed rations(TMR), affects on postpartum productivity of Holistein cows. Three diets (low or high quality forage separately fed with concentrate and TMR containing high quality roughage) were fed to 21 cows from 3 weeks prepartum to 8 weeks postpartum to examine their effects on the productivity of cows. DM intakes was noticed significantly higher with TMR (17.11kg/day) than low- quality (13.48 kg/day) and high-quality forage (13.10kg/day). TDN and CP intakes were also higher with TMR compared to other experimental diets. Mean daily milk yield was non-significant among the cows fed different diets. Blood non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA) content was higher in cows fed low-quality or high-quality forage separately with concentrate compared with those fed TMR. The results concluded that TMR feeding to transitional cows is better than feeding the low or high quality forage separately for their health and productivity. 본 시험은 분만 전 3주부터 분만 후 3주까지 전환기라고 지칭되는 시기의 젖소들에 대한 대사적 변화를 최소화하기 위한 방법으로 사료 섭취량 저하를 방지하고 분만 후 대사성 질병의 발생을 줄이기 위한 목적으로 수행되어졌다. 대사성 질병에 관여하는 주요 요인으로는 건물섭취량, 혈중 glucose 함량, NEFA 함량, 반추위 환경, 면역 등인데, 분만 전·후 Holstein 젖소에 사료급여 형태를 조·농분리(저질 조사료와 양질 조사료 급여구) 및 TMR로 다르게 하였을 때 사료섭취량 변화와 혈중 NEFA 및 glucose 함량 변화를 측정하고 분만 후 젖소의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 수행하였다. 처리별 사료건물 섭취량은 저질 조사료 조·농 분리, 양질조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 13.48, 13.10, 17.11kg으로 TMR 급여구에서 유의성 있게 높았으며(P〈0.05), TDN 섭취량은 처리구별 각각 7.35, 7.19, 5.66kg으로 처리간에 차이가 없었다(P〉0.05). 신체충실지수(BCS)는 저질조사료구에서는 3.03이였으며, 양질 조사료구와 TMR 급여구에서는 각각 3.19, 3.16이었다. 분만후 1주부터 5주까지 측정한 평균 산유량은 저질조사료 조·농 분리, 양질 조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 34.1, 35.1, 35.6kg 였으며, 분만 후 4∼5주에 최고 비유기에 달했다. 처리별 평균 유지율은 저질 조사료 조·농 분리, 양질 조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 3.74, 3.68, 3.95%였다. 혈청내 NEFA 함량은 저질 조사료 조·농 분리, 양질 조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 744.4, 381.8,266.7μEq/L로 처리간에 큰 차이를 보여 양질 조사료 급여와 TMR 급여시 혈중 NEFA 함량이 저질 조사료 급여에 이해 유의성 있게 낮았다(P〈0.05). 혈청내 glucose함량은 저질조사료 및 양질 조사료 조·농 분리, TMR 급여구에서 각각 39.3, 56.3, 62.4mg/dl로 양질 조사료 급여와 TMR 급여시 혈중 glucose 함량이 저질 조사료급여에 비해 유의성 있게 높았다(P〈0.05). 이상의 결과들을 종합해 볼 때, 분만 전 3주부터 분만 후 3주까지의 전환기 동안 사료섭취량 증가와 대사성 질병의 지표로서 혈중 NEFA 및glucose 함량 변화를 살펴 본 결과 분만 전 3주부터는 양질의 조사료나 TMR 형태로 급여하는 것이 사료섭취량 증가와 대사성 질병의 발생을 감소시킬 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

고위험군의 원발성 전신성 유전분증 1례 보고 및 조혈모세포이식에 대한 문헌고찰

심준,박수정,엄현석,김기영,박은정,강인중,조병식,이안희,한치화 대한조혈모세포이식학회 2001 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.6 No.2

저자 등은 클론성 형질세포질환과 동반된 젊은 연령의 원발성 전신성 유전분증 환자를 진단하였기에 다발성 골수종과의 감별 진단, 치료 , 예후 및 고용량 항암화학요법과 조혈모세포이식에 관하여 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다. Primary systemic amyloidosis (AL) is a rapidly fatal disorder related to plasma cell dyscrasia. Conventional dose of melphalan, which prolongs the duration of survival by about 10 months, does not improve the functions of impaired organs in most cases. The high dose chemotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue for AL, in spite of its high treatment-related mortality, is a new approach to achieve high response rate and better survival. We experienced a 35-year old man with AL(involving heart, liver, stomach, kidneys, peripheral nerve, and rectum) who did not respond to the standard schedule of melphalan plus prednisone and had rapidly fatal course with organ failure. Hence, we evaluate its availability by reviewing the recent reports of high dose chemotherapy in AL.

G-CSF로 체내 증폭된 골수를 이용한 동종 조혈모세포이식

이종욱,김정아,민창기,김희제,엄현석,박수정,서정곤,김동욱,홍영선,민우성,김춘추,김동집 대한조혈모세포이식학회 1998 대한조혈모세포이식학회지 Vol.3 No.2

연구배경: 이식시 주입되는 골수세포수는 생착 속도 및 생존율과 밀접한 관계가 있으나, 임상적으로 환자의 체중이 공여자에 비해 지나치게 많을 때 단위 체중당 환자에게 주입되는 세포의 양이 적어 문제가 될 수 있다. 방법: 저자들은 가톨릭 조혈모세포이식 센터에서 동종 골수이식을 시행한 환자들 중 환자의 체중이 공여자에 비해 10kg이상 많은 경우 골수 채취 전에 공여자에게 3일간 피하로 G-CSF(10ug/kg/day)를 투여하여 골수를 체내(in vivo) 증폭시킨 후 골수이식을 시행한 25예의 환자를 대상으로 고식적인 방법으로 골수이식을 시행한 위험인자가 일치되는 대조군과 비교하여 이식된 세포수, 혈구의 회복속도 및 이식편대 숙주반응(GVHD)의 발생율, 그리고 생존율 등을 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 단기간의 G-CSF 투여로 증폭된 골수의 총 유핵세포수, 단핵구수는 대조군에 비해 3-5배, CD34 + 세포수는 6배 증폭되었으며, 두 군간에 세포의 면역표현형(CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD20)의 차이는 없었다. 중성 백혈구 수가 0.5×10^(9)/L 이상 회복되는 시기는 두 군간의 차이가 없었으나(15.5일 vs 16일; p=0.131), 혈소판 수가 30×10^(9)/L 이상으로 회복되는 시기는 G-CSF 투여군에서 의의있게 단축되었다(20일 vs 26일; p=0.013). 두 군간 급성 및 만성 GVHD의 발생률과 정도의 차이는 없었으며, 이식 후 재발 및 생존율의 차이도 없었다. 결론: 이식전 공여자에게 단기간 G-CSF를 주사하여 생체내에서 골수 조혈모세포를 증폭시킨 후 이식하는 방법은 공여자와 환자의 심각한 체중 차이로 인해 단위체중당 이식되는 조혈모세포양이 부족한 환자들에게 안전하고 유용한 방법일 뿐만 아니라 GVHD의 증가 없이 빠른 혈구회복을 기대할 수 있는 이식기법이라고 생각한다. 향후 증폭된 골수 조혈모세포의 특성 연구 및 이의 효용성을 확인하기 위한 전향적인 연구가 필요하리라고 생각된다. Background: Sufficient stem cell doses are necessary to overcome engraftment failure in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation(BMT). Cell doses harvested may depend on body weight (BW) difference between donor and recipient. In practice, it is important to achieve large number of stem cells from donor who were lower BW than that of recipient. Methods: We have tried to inject G-CSF(10ug/kg/day) subcutaneously for 3 days to the allogeneic donor with lower BW than recipient before harvest to increase BM inoculum. BM was infused into patients without any manipulation on day 5. A total 25 patients were enrolled; 12 AML, 6 ALL, 5 SAA and 2 CML(expansion group). We compared the expansion group with 25 historical control patients, matched for diagnosis and clinical characteristics, who underwent unprimed BMT. Results: Recipient BW is not different between the expansion and control group. However, allogeneic donors in the control group weigh heavier than those in the expansion group. The yield of TNC, MNC, and CD34^(+) cells from G-CSFprimed BM was significantly higher than that from unprimed BM. There was no difference in immunophenotyping analysis(CD4, CD5, CD7, CD8, CD20) between two groups. The median time reaching to absolute neutrophil count more than 0.5×10^(9)/L was not different(15.5 vs 16 days: p=0.131), but time to platelet recovery more than 30×10^(9)/L was significantly shorter for the patients who received G-CSF-primed BM (20 vs 26 days: p=0.013). There was no difference in the incidence of acute and chronic GVHD, relapse rate and overall survival between the two groups with a median follow-up of 13 months. Conclusion: These data suggest that the short-term administration of G-CSF to an allogeneic donor prior to BM harvest seems to be a feasible method to achieve an adequate number of cell doses for patients who weigh higher than donors. Randomized, prospective study is needed to evaluate the efficacy of allogeneic BMT using in vivo expansion of BM by G-CSF.

대퇴동맥을 통한 경피적 관동맥 중재시술 환자의 천자부위 지혈을 위한 Angioseal^(�) 사용과 고식적 용수 압박법의 비교 : 전향적 연구

김용훈,권현철,김필호,안석진,유철웅,최진호,이상철,김준수,김덕경,전은석,이상훈,홍경표,박정의,서정돈 대한내과학회 2004 대한내과학회지 Vol.66 No.5

목적 : 경피적 관동맥 중재술은 최근 양적 및 질적으로 급격한 발전을 보였지만 시술 시 천자부위의 혈관 합병증은 아직 해결해야 할 문제점이다. 저자들은 대퇴동맥을 통한 경피적 관동맥 중재술을 환자에게 천자부위 지혈을 위한 혈관폐쇄기구인 안지오실의 안전성과 유용성을 고식적인 용수 압박법과 비교 연구하고자 하였다. 방법 : 2002년 4월부터 2003년 5월 사이에 삼성서울병원 심장혈관센터에서 대퇴동맥을 통한 경피적 관동맥 중재술을 성공적으로 시행한 200명의 환자(안지오실 사용군: A군, 100명, 고식적 용수압박법 사용군 B군, 100명)를 대상으로 시술 후 주요 합병증 및 경한 합병증, 지혈 후 환자가 자리에 앉기까지의 시간, 보행개시 가능시간, 총 재원 기간과 시술 1주 후의 합병증을 전향적으로 조사하여 비교 연구하였다. 결론 : 두 군에서 연령, 성별, 기저질환, 심혈관 질환의 위험요소, 시술의 종류, 시술 중 사용한 헤파린의 양, clopidogrel의 양, ticlopidine의 양, 지혈 시 수축기와 확장기혈압, ACT (activated clotting time)는 차이가 없었다. A군이 B군에 비해 시술 후 자리에 앉기까지의 시간 (A군: 4.3±0.3시간, B군: 13.7±0.8시간, p=0.004) 및 보행개시까지의 시간(A군: 6.8±0.5시간, B군: 18.8±2.1시간, p=0.013)이 유의하게 짧았다. 시술 후 주요 합병증은 두군 모두에서 관찰되지 않았으며, 경한 합병증의 전체발생은 A군에서 유의하게 적었다(A군: 28명, B군: 19명, p=0.003). 반상출혈의 경우는 A군에서 유의하게 낮았지만(A군: 3명, B군: 12명, p=0.01), 혈종, 출혈의 발생은 두군간에 차이가 없었다. 총 재원기간에는 두 군간에 차이가 없었다(p=0.239). 시술 1주 후 경과관찰에서 주요합병증은 역시 두 군 모두에서 관찰되지 않았으며, 경한 합병증의 전체발생은 두 군에서 차이가 없었다(A군: 15명, B군: 13명 p=0.418), 반상출혈의 빈도는 차이가 없었지만 혈종의 발생은 A군에서 더 낮았다(A군: 2명, B군:6명, p=0.004). 두 군 모두에서 출혈은 발생하지 않았다. 결론 : 대퇴동맥을 통한 경피적 관동맥 중재술을 시행한 환자에서 안지오실의 사용은 고식적 용수 압박법에 비해 환자의 침상 안정시간을 줄여 조기 활동개시가 가능하게 하였으며 국소합병증의 위험도를 일부 낮추어, 시술에 따른 환자의 불편을 현저하게 감소시킬 수 있다고 할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다. Background : Although the number and the quality of percutaneous coronary intervention have been recently increased dramatically, the vascular complication at puncture site is still the major cause of patients' morbidity. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of newly of newly-developed collagen-based arterial closure device, Angioseal after transfemoral percuatenous coronary intervention. Methods : This study was designed as a prospective single center non-randomized comparative study. A total 200 patients undergoing transfemoral percutaneous coronary intervention were enrolled between April 2002 and May 2003. They were divided into two groups; Angioseal group (group A, n=100) and manual compression group (group B, n=100). The baseline clinical and angiographic characteristics were reviewed. The time to sit up, the time to ambulation, the duration of hospital stay, major and minor vascular puncture site complications were monitored. The patients were followed-up for 1 week after procedure by telephone. Results : The baseline clinical characteriwtics, clinical diagnosis, cardiocascular risk factors, typesof procedure, doses and numbers of anticoagulants were similar between two groups. The blood pressure and activated clotting time were also similar. The time to sit up (group A: 4.3±0.3 hours, group B: 13.7±0.8 hours, p=0.004) and the time to ambulation (group A: 6.8±0.5 hours, group B: 18.8±2.1 hours, p=0.013) were shorter in group A. No major vascular complications were noted. The incidence of hematoma and bleeding were not significantly different between two groups. The incidence of ecchymosis, however, was significantly lower in group A (group A:12%, group B: 3%, p=0.001) The duration of gospital stay was similar between groups. During 7 days of follow-up period incidence of hematoma was significantly lower in group A (p=0.004). Although the incidence of ecchymosis was not significantly different between two groups. Conclusion : The angioseal may be associated with earlier ambulation and less patients' morbidity with low incidence of local complication rate compared to manual compression after transfemoral percutaneous coronary intervention.

폐결핵 환자 혈청에서 수용성 Interleukin 2 수용체 및 Adenosine Deaminase 활성도에 관한 연구

고정희,박성규,백상현,박찬권,박병수,안진영,최우석,박정규 충남대학교 의과대학 지역사회의학연구소 1993 충남의대잡지 Vol.20 No.1

Interleukin-2 (IL-2) induces T cell proliferation in an autocrine manner and provides a means by which antigen triggered T cells can be clonally expanded in vitro. During the following activation, the activity of IL-2 is mediated by specific high affinity IL-2 binding membrane receptors which are expressed shortly after activation. In this process, a 42 KD-fragment (soluble IL-2R) is continuously cleaved off and circulates as a soluble marker of T lymphocyte activation. Elevated level of soluble IL-2R has been identified in the serum of patients with malignant autoimmune and allergic disorders, systemic parasitic infection, undergoing graft versus host disease, acute or chronic lymphocytic leukemia and HIV-infection. ADA (adenosine deaminase) completes the process of differentiation of T cell and is essential for progression of T cell maturation. Therefore level of ADA is to correlated with magnitude of T cell immune response. The fact that expression of sIL-2R and ADA activity increases in peripheral blood T-lymphocytes of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis suggests that T cell activation might have a major role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary tuberculosis. In order to evaluate the T cell immune response in pulmonary tuberculosis, we measured the serum concentration of sIL-2R and ADA activity in 17 patients with current pulmonary tuberculosis, 10 chronic inactive pulmonary tuberculosis, 10 as normal controls. (1) Current pulmonary tuberculosis had significantly higher levels of sIL-2R (237.24±95.47)when compared with those of inactive tuberculosis (78.6±11.06). and the control (68.17±15.4) group. (2) ADA activity in current pulmonary tuberculosis was significantly increased (34.41±20.63) when compared with those of inactive tuberculosis (24.7±14.36) and control (17.65± 5.94) group. (3) There was good correlation between sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity in serum in current pulmonary tuberculosis group. (4) sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity was decreased significantly 6 months after anti-tuberculosis drug medication. In conclusion, sIL-2R concentration and ADA activity in serum in current pulmonary tuberculosis group was increased when compared with those of inactive pulmonary tuberculosis and the control group. By the way, T cell mediated immune response was enhanced in current pulmonary tuberculosis, but in inactive chronic pulmonary tuberculosis who had treated by antituberculosis drug medication, the concentration of sIL-2R and ADA activity was nearly normal.

Metal–Insulator–Semiconductor Diode Consisting of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials

Jeong, Hyun,Oh, Hye Min,Bang, Seungho,Jeong, Hyeon Jun,An, Sung-Jin,Han, Gang Hee,Kim, Hyun,Yun, Seok Joon,Kim, Ki Kang,Park, Jin Cheol,Lee, Young Hee,Lerondel, Gilles,Jeong, Mun Seok American Chemical Society 2016 NANO LETTERS Vol.16 No.3

<P>We present a novel metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) diode consisting of graphene, hexagonal BN, and monolayer MoS2 for application in ultrathin nano electronics. The MIS heterojunction structure was fabricated by vertically stacking layered materials using a simple wet chemical transfer method. The stacking of each layer was confirmed by confocal scanning Raman spectroscopy and device performance was evaluated using current versus voltage (I-V) and photocurrent measurements. We clearly observed better current rectification and much higher current flow in the MIS diode than in the p-n junction and the metal-semiconductor diodes made of layered materials. The I-V characteristic curve of the MIS diode indicates that current flows mainly across interfaces as a result of carrier tunneling. Moreover, we observed considerably high photocurrent from the MIS diode under visible light illumination.</P>