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이기헌 한국비교형사법학회 2002 비교형사법연구 Vol.4 No.2
Stalking means any unwanted contact between a stalker and the victim which directly or indirectly communicates a threat or places the victim in fear for his/her safety. Though the history of stalking behavior is as old as the history of human relationships, it was only after the late 1980s and early 1990s that stalking was labeled as a separate and distinct class of deviant behavior or crime. Until now, Korea has no anti-stalking law. However, as there has been a motion for the law in 1999, the legislative response to stalking is expected in the near future. As to stalking, there are many point s at issue waiting for further research. For examples, (1) Coordinating legal and community definition s of stalking, (2) Measuring stalking victimization more thoroughly and accurately, (3) Categorizing stalker s by their psychological and behavioral features to devise effective strategies, (4) Assessing legislative/criminal justice responses and other preventive strategies against stalking, etc.. Among them, this paper is focused on presenting legislative responses to stalking in other countries, in order to make some comments on legislative movements in Korea. This paper covers: the basic understanding of stalking behavior(Ch. 2), the necessity of anti-stalking law and the difficulty in making out a draft(Ch. 3), The match between legal and public perception on stalking(Ch. 4), major amendment s to anti-stalking laws, and the contents of intervention order s in Australia(Chs. 5-6), some factors that impede or limit the effectiveness of legislative/criminal justice responses to stalking(Ch. 7). Though Ⅰ have no objection to enacting Korean anti-stalking law , Ⅰ want to make some comments on a rather hasty movement to enact it. They are as follows: (1) Should we enact anti-stalking law without delay? Though the countries with anti-stalking laws are increasing, they are still a minority. Compared with U.S. which initiated legislative response to stalking, Korean people has weaker sense of privacy. Besides, Korean victims of stalking feel much less fear of a stalker compared to American victims, because the former do not assume that the stalker has a lethal weapon. Therefore, enacting anti-stalking law may not be too late even after in-depth survey on our real situation and other country's cases. (2) Are there sufficient victimization surveys and case studies on stalking? There were two relatively large-scale victimization surveys in 1998 and 2000 in Korea. Even if the extent of stalking victimization were more serious than our guess, the degree and duration of stalking cannot match with those of the U.S. or some European countries. For example, physical assault appeared only in 2-3% of the whole cases (in western countries; 34-56%), and the median duration was 2 months (in western countries; 12-33 months). Therefore, more surveys and studies are needed before taking actions. (3) Will it work to punish the stalker in protecting victims? Though it may be the most severe response, punishing the stalker is not believed to be the most effective way. Other than victim's weak attitude against stalking, stalking incidents are met with lukewarm responses of the police. The criminal court is also hesitant to punish the stalker. The U.S. National Institute of Justice recommends "a multidisciplinary approach that would integrate strategies for protecting victims, apprehending and prosecuting offenders, managing convicted stalkers, providing services for stalking victims, and providing evaluation and treatment for stalking defendants". This approach should involve law enforcement, the judiciary, corrections, social services, advocacy groups and community organizations. Then we have to ask to our selves: "Do we have a mind and all that resources to put in to reduce stalking?" (4) What is the most effective way to prevent stalking? Generally speaking, slighter intervention at earlier stage (like police warning or arrest rather than sentencing) is considered the more effective way to stop stalking. But the most effective way can be found from under standing psychological or mental state of each stalker. Some stalkers commit offenses with intention to inflict trauma and distress upon their victims. Others do it because of mental illness that seriously impairs their judging capacity. And Still others have no such causes; they just do it and may be unaware of the of the distress they are causing their victims. The most effective way can be punishment and rehabilitation, medical treatment, or just creating awareness of the impact of their behavior. (5) How should we draft out Korean Anti-stalking Law? Although not passed the National Assembly, Korea has a draft of anti-stalking law. It defines stalking by enumerating some behaviors that would cause serious unrest or fear. Though the lack of a strict definition of stalking may leave the possibility of abuse, a loose framing that sets focus on the impact of the behavior to the victim can have it s own merit. Also, the subject of 'intention' and the criteria of causing serious unrest or fear' demand careful consideration.
이기헌,유재호,김태원,이상준,김신동 고신대학교 의과대학 2009 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지 Vol.24 No.1
Purpose : Intraoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage is one of the most serious complications. We report a case of suprachoroidal hemorrhage during phacoemulsification surgery, was managed properly. Methods : Suprachoroidal hemorrhage occurred during phacoemulsificaiton in other hospital. The patient was referred to our department immediately after closing the surgical wound. On initial examination, iris and vitreous were prolapsed through surgical wound. Ciliary body was closely place to anterior chamber, and retina was not visible. Results : Prolapased ocular tissue were reduced by emergency operation. We controlled the patient’s intraocular pressure and inflammation. Ultrasonography was repeatedly performed to check the degree of liquefaction of suprachoroidal hemorrhage. After 9 days of suprachoroidal hemorrhage onset, vitrectomy and drainage through sclera was performed. Postoperative state was stable with successful removal of suprachoroidal hemorrhage. After 2 weeks of secondary operation, retinal detachment has occurred on nasal retinal area, so we performed scleral buckling and endolaser photocoagulation. After 6 months, retina was attached well and intraocular pressure was in normal range. Conclusion : In suprachoroidal hemorrhage, drainage of suprachoroidal hemorrhage after liquefaction of thrombi is effective. After successful drainage, postoperative complications may accompany such as retinal detachment or elevation of intraocular pressure. 목적 : 술중 발생하는 맥락막상 출혈은 매우 심각한 합병증이다. 저자는 수정체 유화술 중에 발생한 맥락막상 출혈을 적절히 대처한 증례를 보고하는 바이다. 대상과 방법 : 수정체 유화술 중 발생한 맥락막상강 출혈환자가 수술창을 봉합 후 즉시 본원으로 전원되었다. 초진시 홍채와 유리체가 수술창을 통해 탈출되어 있었으며, 전방을 통해 모양체가 확인되었으나, 망막은 보이지 않았다. 탈출된 안구내 조직을 응급수술을 통해 복원 후 환자의 안압과 염증을 조절하였다. 초음파를 반복적으로 실시하여 맥락막상 출혈의 액화 정도를 확인하였으며, 출혈 9일 후 유리체 절제술과 공막을 통한 배액술을 시행하였다. 결과 : 맥락막상 출혈이 성공적으로 제거되었으며 술 후 상태는 안정적이었다. 수술 2주 후 비측 망막 박리가 발생하여 공막돌륭술과 안구내 삽관 레이저술을 시행하였다. 6개월 후 망막은 잘 붙어있었으며, 안압은 정상 범위를 유지하였다. 결론 : 맥락막상 출혈의 경우 출혈의 배액 시기를 결정하는 것이 어렵지만, 규칙적인 초음파를 통해 배액술의 시기를 결정할 수 있다. 또한 맥락막상강 출혈의 성공적인 배액 이후에도 망막박리 및 안압상승과 같은 합병증의 동반에 대해 유념해야한다.
이기헌,황호원,오영진,Lee, Ki-Heon,Hwang, Ho-Won,Oh, Young-Jin 한국항공운항학회 2014 한국항공운항학회지 Vol.22 No.1
According to the prediction of Aviation Industry Corporation of China, in the next 20 years, China will have an increase of 4,583 civilian airliners, including 3,682 jumbo jets and 901 regional aircrafts. Chinese commercial aviation aircraft market will undoubtedly grow rapidly. until the year 2030, China's share of the global aircraft fleet will increase from 9% to 15%. In addition, the business jet market has a huge growing room in the global industry, the deliveries will reach 10,000 units in the next 10 years, and the Chinese market deliveries will reach 23,600 in the next 20 years. China's aviation market, is and will be enormous in the future. It is one of the main engines of economic growth in the field. China's civil aviation transportation is based on dazzling economic development. Air transport is the fastest growing power for the time being. China's aviation sector will have an average annual gross of about 10%, and more likely to continued growing and it is expected to be world's major aviation market around the world. As the result, since one of future the important industries will be emerged, Air policy enforcement and considering the reality of our future prospects for the airline industry presented.