A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea

Yong Sung Choi,정성훈,김은선,Eun Sun Kim,Eunhee Lee,Euiseok Jung,So-Yeon Lee,이우령,Hye Sun Yoon,Yong Joo Kim,Ji Kyoung Park,Son Moon Shin,Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim 대한신생아학회 2022 Neonatal medicine Vol.29 No.1

Purpose: Pediatricians have a significant responsibility to educate mothers about the importance of breastfeeding. However, there have been minimal efforts in the courses of resident training in Korea. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the change in knowledge and attitude before and after a 4-week breastfeeding educational intervention among multicenter residents. Methods: Prospective interventional educational research was designed for residents at eight training hospitals in Korea. Institutional reviews were obtained in each hospital. The education curriculum consisted of 14 courses regarding breastfeeding theory and practice. These materials were used to teach pediatric residents for 4 weeks. Knowledge-based tests were administered before the course, and re-tests were administered after the course using different test items of similar levels. Test scores and survey responses were compared before and after the intervention. Results: A total of 73 residents (1st year 20, 2nd year 23, 3rd year 16, and 4th year residents 14) from eight training hospitals completed the intervention. Their average age was 30.3±2.9 years, 17 (23.3%) were male, 22 (30.1%) were married, and eight had more than one child of their own. The mean pre-test score was 61.8±13.4 and the mean post-test score was 78.3±7.5 (P<0.001). The inter-grade difference in the score was significant in the pre-test (P=0.005), but not significant in the post-test (P=0.155). There were more responses of obtaining confidence after the intervention (P<0.001). Conclusion: In our study, pediatric residents showed improvement in their knowledge and confidence level after 4 weeks of the breastfeeding curriculum. This will provide a basis for future policymaking in the training of pediatric residents regarding breastfeedReceived: 6 January 2022 Revised: 15 February 2022 Accepted: 15 February 2022 Correspondence to: Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05505, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3390 Fax: +82-2-3010-6978 E-mail: arkim@amc.seoul.kr A Multi-Center Educational Research Regarding Breastfeeding for Pediatrics Residents in Korea Yong-Sung Choi, MD,PhD1, Sung-Hoon Chung, MD, PhD2, Eun Sun Kim, MD, PhD3, Eun Hee Lee, MD4, Euiseok Jung, MD5, So Yeon Lee, MD, PhD5, Wooryoung Lee, MD6, Hye Sun Yoon, MD, PhD7, Yong Joo Kim, MD, PhD8, Ji Kyoung Park, MD, PhD9, Son Moon Shin, MD, PhD9, and Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, MD, PhD5 1Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea 2Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, Korea 3Department of Pediatrics, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon, Korea 4Department of Pediatrics, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Korea 5Department of Pediatrics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea 6Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 7Department of Pediatrics, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Korea 8Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, Korea 9Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan, Korea Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 pISSN 2287-9412 . eISSN 2287-9803 Copyright(c) 2022 By Korean Society of Neonatology This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Original Article 29 Neonatal Med 2022 February;29(1):28-35 https://doi.org/10.5385/nm.2022.29.1.28 ing in Korea.

후두 및 하인두 암종에서 p53단백 발현과 Espstein-Barr Virus 검출

최영환,도남용,나한조,이도용,노용훈,김완수,최종선 조선대학교 2001 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.26 No.2

Background and Objectives : When p53 cancer suppressor gene, occurs gene deletion or point mutation, malignancy develops by loss of p53 function with abnormal p53 protein. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the causative agent of certain type of lymphoma and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the role of EBV as a causative factor in other head &eck tumors is not fully elucidated except nasopharyngeal carcinoma. This study, the author examined that p53 expression and detection rate of EBV correlate to development of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) and play the possible role of prognostic indicators. Materials and Methods : Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimen from 32 cases of larynx and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas were studied by immunohistochemical staining for p53 and EBV. The results of analysis were compared with clinicopathological parameters. Results : p53 expression was 56.3% (18 cases) and the detection rate of EBV was 43.6% (14 cases) of 32 cases in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas. p53 expression was correlate with histologic grade (p<05) only. Detection of EBV was not correlate with clinicopathological parmeters. Conclusion : These results suggest p53 expression and the detection of EBV may be related with development of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. And, the expression of p53 protein can be used as a prognosticator in laryngeal and hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma under certain limitation.

Modeling of CO₂ Emission from Soil in Greenhouse

Lee, Dong-Hoon,Lee, Kyou-Seung,Choi, Chang-Hyun,Cho, Yong-Jin,Choi, Jong-Myoung,Chung, Sun-Ok Korean Society of Horticultural Science 2012 원예과학기술지 Vol.30 No.3

Greenhouse industry has been growing in many countries due to both the advantage of stable year-round crop production and increased demand for fresh vegetables. In greenhouse cultivation, $CO_2$ concentration plays an essential role in the photosynthesis process of crops. Continuous and accurate monitoring of $CO_2$ level in the greenhouse would improve profitability and reduce environmental impact, through optimum control of greenhouse $CO_2$ enrichment and efficient crop production, as compared with the conventional management practices without monitoring and control of $CO_2$ level. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to estimate the $CO_2$ emission from soil as affected by environmental factors in greenhouses. Among various model types evaluated, a linear regression model provided the best coefficient of determination. Selected predictor variables were solar radiation and relative humidity and exponential transformation of both. As a response variable in the model, the difference between $CO_2$ concentrations at the soil surface and 5-cm depth showed are latively strong relationship with the predictor variables. Segmented regression analysis showed that better models were obtained when the entire daily dataset was divided into segments of shorter time ranges, and best models were obtained for segmented data where more variability in solar radiation and humidity were present (i.e., after sun-rise, before sun-set) than other segments. To consider time delay in the response of $CO_2$ concentration, concept of time lag was implemented in the regression analysis. As a result, there was an improvement in the performance of the models as the coefficients of determination were 0.93 and 0.87 with segmented time frames for sun-rise and sun-set periods, respectively. Validation tests of the models to predict $CO_2$ emission from soil showed that the developed empirical model would be applicable to real-time monitoring and diagnosis of significant factors for $CO_2$ enrichment in a soil-based greenhouse.

8년간(1992~1999) 산업안전보건연구원에 의뢰된 직업병 심의 사례 분석

강성규,김규상,김양호,최정근,안연순,진영우,최병순,양정선,김은아,채창호,최용휴,김대성,박정선,정호근 대한산업의학회 2000 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.12 No.2

Objectives : Pneumoconisis and noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) have been reported as main occupational diseases by the Special Health Examination. The Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance has reported various work-related diseases, however, these two diseases occupied almost a half of compensated cases. Therefore, it was not well known about the status of occupational diseases other than pneumoconiosis, NIHL, and cardio-cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This study was conducted to analyze claimed cases as an occupational disease, that was requested to the Korea Industrial Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA). Methods : The local office of the Korea Labor Welfare Corporation (KLWC) has asked the KOSHA for confirmation of claimed cases as an occupational disease. We analyzed 379 cases requested from KLWC, the Ministry of Labor, employers, unions and occupational health agencies from 1992 to 1999. Results : Male was 80.7 % of the requested cases. Their mean age was 42 years old and 75.5 % of them were more than 35 years old. The requested cases were increased rapidly from 25 cases in 1992 to 108 cases in 1999 and the accept rate was 50.7 %. The majority of requested cases were respiratory diseases(22.4%), cancers(18.5%), Neuropsychiatric problems(14.5%), and musculoskeletal problems(13.5%). The accept rate was high in reproductive, respiratory, musculoskeletal and digestive disorders and low in neuropsychiatric, renal and otologic problems and occupational cancers. 73.6% of them were caused by chemical agents, especially 28.5 % were by organic solvents. 67% of them were clinically confirmed at university hospitals. A half of the cases were from KyongIn area, even the request came from the whole country. Conclusions : A claim was common in workers whose age was over 35 years old and exposure history was over 10 years. The respiratory diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders were still main problems in occupational health and occupational cancers was increasing even though its accept rate was not high yet.

Modeling of CO₂ Emission from Soil in Greenhouse

Dong Hoon Lee,Kyou Seung Lee,Chang Hyun Choi,Yong Jin Cho,Jong-Myoung Choi,Sun-Ok Chung 한국원예학회 2012 원예과학기술지 Vol.30 No.3

Greenhouse industry has been growing in many countries due to both the advantage of stable year-round crop production and increased demand for fresh vegetables. In greenhouse cultivation, CO₂ concentration plays an essential role in the photosynthesis process of crops. Continuous and accurate monitoring of CO₂ level in the greenhouse would improve profitability and reduce environmental impact, through optimum control of greenhouse CO₂ enrichment and efficient crop production, as compared with the conventional management practices without monitoring and control of CO₂ level. In this study, a mathematical model was developed to estimate the CO₂ emission from soil as affected by environmental factors in greenhouses. Among various model types evaluated, a linear regression model provided the best coefficient of determination. Selected predictor variables were solar radiation and relative humidity and exponential transformation of both. As a response variable in the model, the difference between CO₂ concentrations at the soil surface and 5-㎝ depth showed are latively strong relationship with the predictor variables. Segmented regression analysis showed that better models were obtained when the entire daily dataset was divided into segments of shorter time ranges, and best models were obtained for segmented data where more variability in solar radiation and humidity were present (i.e., after sun-rise, before sun-set) than other segments. To consider time delay in the response of CO₂ concentration, concept of time lag was implemented in the regression analysis. As a result, there was an improvement in the performance of the models as the coefficients of determination were 0.93 and 0.87 with segmented time frames for sun-rise and sun-set periods, respectively. Validation tests of the models to predict CO₂ emission from soil showed that the developed empirical model would be applicable to real-time monitoring and diagnosis of significant factors for CO₂ enrichment in a soil-based greenhouse.

자바 애플릿을 사용한 웹 기반 C컴파일 시스템

최순관,김동식,공용해 순천향대학교 부설 산업기술연구소 2004 순천향 산업기술연구소논문집 Vol.10 No.2

웹을 이용하면 전 세계 어디라도 연결할 수 있고, 원하는 정보 또한 쉽게 제공받을 수 있다. 이러한 웹의 장접을 이용하여 다양한 교육용 콘텐츠가 개발되어지고 있다. 본 연구는 C언어 학습 콘텐츠를 개발중 값비싼 C 컴파일러를 구매하지 않고 쉽게 실습할 수 있는 방법으로, 클라이언트에 제한적으로 실행되어지는 C 컴파일러를 인터넷에서 이용하게 한 연구로 LINUX 기반의 서버측 C 컴파일러를 이용하여 프로그램을 작성 실행시켜 보는 시스템을 개발하였다. 구현된 시스템은 상용의 컴파일러를 구매하지 않아도 되는 경제적인 장점을 가진다.

다래나무 및 노각나무 수액의 성분조성

최선영,나성택,김용환,김행자,성낙주 경상대학교 농업생명과학연구원 2002 농업생명과학연구 Vol.36 No.2

본 실험에서는 다래나무 및 노각나무 수액을 천연 건강음료로 개발하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻고져 물리ㆍ화학적 성질과 유리당, 무기물 및 구성 아미노산 등을 분석하였다. 다래나무와 노각나무 수액의 pH, 비중, 당도, 수분, 회분 및 조단백질의 함량은 거의 비슷하였다. 유리당 함량은 fructose가 다래나무 수액에서 378.4㎎/100㎖, glucose는 노각나무 수액에서 125.4㎎/100㎖로 가장 높은 함량이었다. 무기물 조성은 망간과 알루미늄을 제외한 모든 무기물에서 노각나무 수액에 비해 다래나무 수액에서 함량이 높았으며 특히 칼슘은 다래나무 수액이 172.0㎎/ℓ, 노각나무 수액에서 13.7㎎/ℓ로 다래나무 수액이 노각나무 수액보다 약 13배나 높은 함량을 보였다. 다래나무 및 노각나무 수액은 분석된 총 17종의 구성 아미노산 중 다래나무 수액은 4종, 노각나무 수액에서는 6종이 검출되었는데, 다래나무 수액은 cystine, aspartic acid, serine 그리고 valine의 순으로 노각나무 수액에서는 cystine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, valine 및 phenylalanine 등의 순으로 함량이 높게 나타났다. Natural compounds such as free sugars, minerals and composition amino acids in Darae(Actinidia arguta) and Korean stewartia(Stewartia koreana) saps were analyzed to establish to the basic data of foods. Free sugars of the saps determined were fructose and glucose which were detected higher amounts as 378.4 and 125.4㎎/100㎖, respectively, but sucrose and maltose were not detected. Among 10 kinds of mineral detected in the saps, the content of calcium in Darae and aluminum in the Korean stewartia saps was the highest 172.0 and 56.1㎎/ℓ, respectively. The calcium content in Darae saps was 13 times higher than that of Korean stewartia saps. The Darae saps were composed of 4 kinds of amino acids such as cystine, aspartic acid, serine and valine, and then Korean stewartia saps 6 kinds of amino acids such as cystine, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, valine and phenylalanine. It is concluded that saps of Darae and Korean stewartia contain a good variety of natural compounds such as free sugars, minerals and amino acids to serve as an excellent source of very natural and health promoting drinks.

한의진단명과 진단요건의 표준화 연구 III : 3차년도 연구결과 보고

최선미,양기상,최승훈,박경모,박종현,심범상,김성우,노석선,이인선,정진홍,이진용,김달래,임형호,김윤범,박성식,송태원,김종우,이승기,최윤정,신순식 한국한의학연구원 1997 한국한의학연구원논문집 Vol.3 No.1

The diagnostic requirements were suggested and explained regarding the systems of differentiation of symptoms and signs in the third year study of standardization and unification of the terms and conditions used for diagnosis in oriental medicine. The systems were as follows : - analyzing and differentiating of epidemic febrile disease - analyzing and differentiating in accordance with the Sasang constitution medicine based on four-type recognition - differentiation of disease according to pathological changes of Chong and Ren channels - standards for diagnosis of women's disease - standards for diagnosis of children's disease - standards for diagnosis of motor and sensor disturbance (-muscle. born, joint, etc.) - standards for diagnosis of neuropsychiatric disease - standards for diagnosis of five sense organ disease - standards for diagnosis of external disease The indivisual diagnosis pattern was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of diagnosis pattern, index of differentiation of symptoms and signs, the main point of diagnosis, analysis of diagnosis pattern, discrimination of diagnosis pattern, prognosis, a way of curing a disease, prescription, herbs in common use, disease appearing the diagnosis pattern, documents. The standards for diagnosis of each disease was arranged by the diagnostic requirements in the following order : another name, notion of disease, the main point of diagnosis, analyzing and differentiating of disease, analysis of disease, discrimination of disease, prognosis, a way of curing and prescription of disease, disease in western medicine appearing the disease in oriental medicine, documents.

회전축계 위치제어를 위한 비선형 마찰 보상

최연선,장용훈 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1994 論文集 Vol.45 No.2

Friction effects in rotor system with a brush type D. C. servo motor is explored for the precise position control based on experiments. The success of friction compensation depends on the accurate measurement of real friction torque. Experimental results have clearly shown that both static and dynamic friction have nonsymmetric characteristics. Estimated friction torque was used to linearize the system by feedforward compensator. In practice, overcompensation may cause another stability problem due to sampling time, gain, and modeling. Therefore, a compensation ratio was introduced for the elimination of the instability.

용도지역 경계부 유형과 개발현황에 관한 연구 : 노선상업지역과 일반주거지역 경계부 대지를 중심으로

최찬환,황용연,최준순 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.19 No.11

This study has focused on investigating the types of border which are divided by the zoning district in Seoul and has analyzed the process of subdividing and amalgamating a lot including several zones among the type of border, which is located between dwelling distirct and commercial district. As a result, a lot including several zones has been had the process of subdividing and amalgamating in order to increase the development capacity, and this process has been accepted as an legal action by rule that zoning can be dicided by the majority which is occupied with zoning area in a lot including several zones. We suggest how to estimate the 'floor area ratio'&'building coverage ratio'by respective zone's area ratio in the Lots Divided by Zoning-Lines.