Systemic administration of low dosage of tetanus toxin decreases cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus

Bing Chun Yan,In Hye Kim,Joon Ha Park,Ji Hyeon Ahn,Jeong-Hwi Cho,Bai Hui Chen,Jae-Chul Lee,Jung Hoon Choi,Ki-Yeon Yoo,Choong Hyun Lee,Jun Hwi Cho,Jong-Dai Kim,Moo-Ho Won 한국실험동물학회 2013 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.29 No.3

In the present study, we investigated the effect of Tetaus toxin (TeT) on cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation using specific markers: 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) as an exogenous marker for cell proliferation, Ki-67 as an endogenous marker for cell proliferation and doublecortin (DCX) as a marker for neuroblasts in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) after TeT treatment. Mice were intraperitoneally administered 2.5 and 10 ng/kg TeT and sacrificed 15 days after the treatment. In both the TeT-treated groups, no neuronal death occurred in any layers of the DG using neuronal nuclei (NeuN, a neuron nuclei maker) and Fluoro-Jade B (F-J B, a high-affinity fluorescent marker for the localization of neuronal degeneration). In addition, no significant change in glial activation in both the 2.5 and 10 ng/kg TeT-treated-groups was found by GFAP (a marker for astrocytes) and Iba-1 (a marker for microglia) immunohistochemistry. However, in the 2.5 ng/kg TeT-treated-group, the mean number of BrdU, Ki-67 and DCX immunoreactive cells, respectively, were apparently decreased compared to the control group, and the mean number of each in the 10 ng/kg TeT-treated-group was much more decreased. In addition, processes of DCX-immunoreactive cells, which projected into the molecular layer, were short compared to those in the control group. In brief, our present results show that low dosage (10 ng/kg) TeT treatment apparently decreased cell proliferation and neuroblast differentiation in the mouse hippocampal DG without distinct gliosis as well as any loss of adult neurons.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

태도와 내적 동기의 유사성에 관한 담론

조남기,이철원 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the conceptual similarity between attitude and intrinsic motivation. Psychologically diverse concepts have been investigated and reviewed in the field of education as well as physical education in order to understand the learners' perspective in the teaching-learning process, and to know how those concepts are applied to learners' achievement. However, a number of studies for each psychological concept became lack of holistic view for students' learning. although in-depth understanding of each concept has been accomplished. Therefore. this study reviewed the constructs of attitude and intrinsic motivation, since these two concepts have been indicated in many educational studies as the most powerful psychological factors conducive to learners' academic achievement in physical education as well as in the other subjects. In this study, it was revealed through review of various studies that there are conceptual similarities between these two concepts. Thus, the relationship between these two of academic specification in physical education, but to be understood an attempt to integrate diverse psychological concepts for the purpose of learners' achievement in physical education.

重化學工業機械의 國産化方案에 關한 硏究 : 特히 窯業에 있어서의 燒成爐, 粉碎機, 排風機, 冷却機, 電氣集마器 自動枰量供給器 等의 製作을 目的으로

趙哲衡,朴碩喆,丁太權,宋鐵,桭達福,金基玉,朴煥奎,趙煥從,朴善鐘,金種一,李茂錫 朝鮮大學校 1977 綜合論文集 Vol.1977 No.-

This is to investigate the posibility of home manufacturing of heavy chemical industry machines, such as rotary kiln, crusher, blower, cooler, electrostatic precipitator and weighing feeder of cement plant. It is concluded that even though we can not make all of them (some of them are made now and some others are going to be made in the near future, some of them are made whole and some others are made partially), we can build or export the cement plant by importing the important machines which we can not make now and by substituting them with ours gradually.

제79회 전국체전 부산팀전력에 관한 고찰

조재기,성기환,안철순 東亞大學校附設스포츠科學硏究所 1998 스포츠科學硏究論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Focused on the performance of the Pusan team at this year's 79th National Sports Festival, this paper aims to analyze the results of the team by each event through the past 5 years from 1994 to 1998. This year Pusan stood at the 6th again in 8 years. This result is a crisis as the city is scheduled to host the 2000 National Sports Festival and the 2002 Asian Games. The following problems can be pointed out: First, slow development of school sports. From 1991 through 1994, elite-oriented school sports turned into club-associated sports for fun and play. Therefore, some relatively harder events became unpopular and it was more difficult recruiting excellent athletes. Tough financial conditions of schools also contributed to slowing the development of school sports. Second, budgetary lack. The budget of the Pusan Sports Association ranks the 10th among 16 domestic cities and provinces. In particular, the expenses for reinforced training amounting to 200,000 won per person (recording the 14th) leave much for improvement. It's getting harder and harder to purchase expensive equipment. So how to secure enough finance is the most urgent task. Third, tougher economic conditions of Pusan. Owing to the IMF crisis, a lot of companies in Pusan have gone bankrupt. As a result, some athletic associations go without their presidents. So missing are financially supporting athletes and properly collecting data. Henceforth, for the balanced development and high performance of Pusan sports at the National Sports Festival, the above problems should be solved. Let me suggest some guidelines: 1. School sports need to be activated above anything else. In fact, Pusan's high school teams reaped all but the lowest marks this year. We have to enlarge financial grants to high schools, invest in some specialized events, manage the representative reserve system, and expand the support of promising athletes. 2. A practical budget ought to be made, including the rise of reinforced training expenditure up to 300,000 to 400,000 won per athlete. For example, the interests of the sports promotion fund (about 4 billion won) held by the Pusan Sports Association might as well be used as special accounts. 3. Some concerned facilities (sports fields and public athletic parks) and equipment (especially for sea sports) have to be secured. 4. More vigorous support of and investment in college and industrial terms is needed for the bright picture of Pusan sports in the 2000s. 5. As sports administration also goes Seoul-oriented, fresh leaders are needed to run the otherwise weakening municipal sports organization.

窒素 施用量이 Sudan grass 雜種의 主要 形質 및 飼料價에 미치는 影響

趙南棋,劉哲受 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1993 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.10 No.-

本 硏究는 濟州道 火山灰土 土壤에서 窒素施肥量이 Suden grass 雜種의 주요 形質과 飼料價에 미치는 影響을 구명하기 위하여 10a當 窒素를 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35㎏을 施用하여 試驗한 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 草長, 葉長, 葉幅, 葉數, 莖直徑, 節間長 等의 生育 形質은 窒素 施用量이 30kg까지 增施할수록 優勢하였으나, 35kg 施用區에서는 다소 減少하는 傾向이었다. 2. 10a當 生草 收量 (9628kg), 葉重 (101.8g), 莖重 (201.0g) 等은 窒素 30㎏/10a 施用區에서 많았으며, 其他 施用區에서는 施用量이 작아짐에 따라 減少되는 傾向이었다. 3. 出穗 日數는 窒素 30, 35㎏/10a 施用區에서 67日로 가장 빨랐고, 25㎏ 施用區, 15㎏, 10㎏, 無肥區 順位로 窒素 施用量이 작아짐에 따라 各 區마다 2∼3日 間隔으로 늦은 편이었다. 4. 粗指肪과 粗蛋白質은 窒素 施用量이 增加할수록 많아졌으며, 粗灰分, 可溶性無窒素物은 적어지는 傾向이었으나 粗纖維 는 뚜렷한 傾向이 없었다. 5. 10a當 生草 收量은 草長, 葉長, 葉重, 莖重, 穗重 粗蛋白質과 高度의 正의 相關을 나타내었으나 粗灰分과는 負의 相關을 나타내었다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of nitrogen rate on major agronomic characters and feeding value of sorghum x sudangrass hybrid on volcanic ash soil of Cheju-do. Application rates of nitrogen were 0, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35㎏/10a. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Plant height, leaf length, leaf width, leaf number, stem diameter, internode length increased as nitrogen rate was increased from 0 to 30㎏/10 a, but slightly decreased at 35㎏ N/10a compared to control treatment (0㎏/10a). 2. Fresh forage yield per 10a and fresh weight of leaves and stem per plant were greatest at 30㎏ N/10a and decreased with decreasing nitrogen rate. 3. Heading of sudan grass hybrid was earliest at 30, 35㎏ N/10a and delayed at intervels of 2∼3 days with decreasing nitrogen every 5㎏/10a. 4. Crude fat and crude protein significantly increased but crude ash and nitrogen free extract decreased as nitrogen rate was increased from 0 to 35㎏/10a. Crude fiber response to nitrogen rate was variable. 5. The were highly positive correlations between fresh forage yield and plant height, leaf length, fresh weight of leaves, stem and panicle, crude protein, but negative correlation between fresh forage yield and crude ash.

播種量 差異에 따른 濟州在來 동부의 生育反應, 收量 및 粗成分 變化

趙南棋,金東賢,宋昌吉,劉哲受,高東煥 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1999 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.16 No.-

ABSTRACT This study was accomplished to look into the response of main growth characters, yield and chemical composition of Cheju local cowpea on Cheju Island based on the difference between seeding rate. The study took place between May and September, 1998. Number, of days to flowering tended to be delayed as the seeding rate increased. Plant length was the longest at 6kg/10a treatment and the next one was at 5kg/10a treatment. The shortest came from 2kg/10a treatment, 275 cm, 271 and 220cm respectively. Number of branchs and stem diameter became weaker as the seeding rate increased. Fresh forage yields per lOa was the heaviest which weighed 6,073kg at 6kg/10a treatment and 5,840kg at 5kg/10a treatment respectively. The rest decreased gradually. Dry matter yields per lOa, crude protein yields per lOa and total digestible nutrient yields per lOa showed a similar tendency to fresh yields per lOa. The percentage of crude protein and crude fat got higher as the seeding rate increased, but the percentage of crude ash and crude fiber rather tended to decrease. Nitrogen free extract and total digestible nutrient percentages were similar to the change of crude protein percentage. SPAD reading values were the highest at 6kg/10a and 5kg/10a treatment.

株當本數에 따른 油菜의 生育, 靑刈收量 및 組成分 變化

趙南棋,劉哲受,姜榮吉,宋昌吉,趙英一 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1999 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.16 No.-

ABSTRCT Four rape cultivars were grown at 1 to 5 plants per hill to investigate the effects of the number of plants per hill on major agronomic characters of forage rape in Cheju volcanic soil. Days to flowering of Sparta was 191 days, those of Ramon and Youngsanyuchae were 189 and 188 days, respectively. And that of Hallayuchae was 180.3 days. Days to flowering decreased as number of plants per hill was increased. Sparta was tallest (153.6cm), while Hallayuchae was shortest (131.8cm). Plant height with three plants per hill( 155.3cm) was longest, while with 5 plants per hill(131.8cm) was shortest. The number of branches, stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width gradually decreased as the number of plants per hill were increased. Sparta had the greatest fresh and dry matter, total digestible nutrient (TDN) and crude protein yields, while Hallayuchae had the least. Fresh yield were greatest (7,544 kg) at the three plants per hill. Dry matter TDN, and crude protein yields were also greatest (7,544 kg) at the three plants per hill. Ramon had the greatist SPAD reading (44.7) while Youngsanyuchae had the lowest (40.7). SPAD reading were highest (44,1) in the one plant per hill plot but decreased as the number of plants per plant was increased. Sparta had greater contents of crude fiber and crude ash, but Hallayuchae and Youngsanyuchae had lower contents. The content of crude protein, crude fat, nitrogen free extract(NFE) and TDN were increased as number of plant per hill were increased. But the contents of crude fiber and crude ash were decreased as the number of plants per hill was increased.

栽植密度에 따른 油菜의 生育, 靑刈收量 및 粗成分 變化

趙南棋,劉哲受,姜榮吉,宋昌吉,趙榮一 濟州大學校 亞熱帶農業硏究所 1999 亞熱帶農業硏究 Vol.16 No.-

ABSTRACT Four cultivars of rape were grown at 5 planting densities in Cheju volcanic soil to investigate the effects of planting density on major agronomic characters of forage rape. Hallayuchae flowered earliest (180 days) while Sparta latest(191 days). Days to flowering was reduced as planting density was decreased. The average plant height of Sparta was 162.2cm and that of Ramon and Youngsanyuchae was 158.4 and 138.6cm, respectively. In 10 X 10cm planting density plot, plant height was 152.5cm and it was gradually decreased as planting density was decreased. The number of branches, stem diameter, leaf length and leaf width of Ramon was greatest, while those of Hallayuchae were least. These variables were increased as planting density was decreased. Fresh forage yield (5,719kg/10a) and dry matter yield (1,229kg/10a) for lOxlOcm planting density plot, were greatest, but those were gradually decreased as planting density was decreased and those for 30 X 30cm planting density plot were 4,232kg/10a and 906kg/10a respectively. Crude protein yield and total digestable nutrient (TDN) per lOa was positively correlated with fresh forage yield and dry matter yield. Sparta produced the greatest fresh forage, and Hallayuchae produced the smallest. Sparta had the highest SPAD reading value, and Hallayuchae had the lowest. SPAD reading was reduced in proportion to increased planting density. Sparta had greater crude protein yield, and crude fat, nitrogen free extract (NFE) and TDN contents and Youngsanyuchae and Hallayuchae had lower contents while Youngsanyuchae and Hallayuchae had greater crude fiber and crude ash contents and Sparta had lower contents. Crude protein yield, and crude fat. NFE and TDN contents were decreased as planting density was decreased, while crude fiber and crude ash contents were increased as planting density was decreased.

Tabes Dorsalis의 핵자기공명영상 및 전기생리학적 소견

권기한,김성민,권석범,이병철,조광호,주정희 대한신경과학회 1999 대한신경과학회지 Vol.17 No.3