GO-62 : Lower extremity edema in patients with endometrial cancer

( Myong Cheol Lim ),( Jeong Seon Lee ),( Jung Nam Joo ),( Sang Soo Seo ),( Sok Bom Kang ),( Sang Yoon Park ) 대한산부인과학회 2012 대한산부인과학회 학술대회 Vol.99 No.-

The objective of this study was to investigate clinical manifestations of lower extremity edema (LEE) in endometrial cancer Medical records for LEE and/or responses to the Gynecologic Cancer Lymphedema Questionnaire (GCLQ) were evaluated in 177 patients with endometrial cancer Patients had a median age of 53 years. Sixty-seven patients (37.9%) had past (9 patients, 13.4%) and/or current patient-reported LEE (58 patients, 86.6%). Symptoms reported on the GCLQ in over 20% of respondents were swelling, numbness, aching , and heaviness. GCLQ total symptoms score was significantly higher in patients with current LEE. Most of the LEE (43/67, 64.2%) developed within 12 months after surgery and LEE lasted more than 6 months in most patients (56/59, 94.9%) Prospective clinical trials are needed to know the clinical significance, impact on quality of life, and preventive strategy of LEE in patients with endometrial cancer

Purge & Trap-GC를 이용한 의약품 필름코팅 정제 중 잔류용제에 관한 연구

장준식,이명자,소유섭,문춘선,이주헌,박희라,김진숙,강경모,이선옥,방성연,유미자,유문균,금오성,이병욱 식품의약품안전청 2000 식품의약품안전청 연보 Vol.4 No.-

의약품은 약물을 생체에 적풋하기 위하여 유효성분의 효과가 언제나 일정하게 확보되고 사응에 편리하도록 만들어지는 것이므로 유효썽분 이외에 약효에 영향을 주지 않는 성분이 첨가되는 경운가 많다. 이 때 사용되는 용매들은 제피의 광택 및 건쪼시간의 단축 등을 위하여 휘발점이 낮을 용매들이 주로 사용되어진다. 본 연구는 의약품 필름코팅정제 중 잔류용매 4종(chlorofonr benzen, trichloro ethylen, 1,4-dioxane)에 대한 변형된 pirge & trap-GC 장치를 이용한 동시분석방법을 개발하였으며, 각 표준품의 RSD 값은 chloroform 3.03%, benzen 3.17%, trichloroethylen 3.69% and 1,4-dioxane 3.41%였다. 또한 시중 유통중인 의약품 50종에 대하여 잔류웅매 양을 측정하였으며, 검출되는 잔류용매는 한 건도 없었다. This study nras carried out to develope the analytical method for the mixture of chlorefonn, benzen, trichloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane simultaneously and determine the remainingorgauic solvents in coating tablets by Purge & Trap-GC. The results were as follouFs ; 1. Chloroform, benzen, trio:tloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane separated by tenax #5 trap by HP-624GC column by terrlperature programming. The peaks were separated completely at retentiontime of 6.88min for chloroform, 8.21min for benzen, 10.38miu for trichloroethylen and 11.95minfor 1,4-dioxane. 2. Standard RSD were individually chloroform 3.03%, benzen 3.17%, trichloroethylen 3.69%and 1,4-diorane 3.41%. 3. 60 samples were not detrcted chloroform, benzen, trichloroethylen and 1,4-dioxane.

Candesartan과 Lercanidipine의 병용투여에 의한 혈압 하강 상승효과

한주희,이정진,김요한,명창선 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 2011 藥學論文集 Vol.26 No.-

와동 형태에 따른 5급 글라스 아이오노머 시멘트 수복물의 변연누출 비교

이선화,허복,이희주 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.1

The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of cavity designs on the marginal leakage of class 5 glass ionomer restorations. The five cavity designs were as follows ; notch shape(A group), notch shape with groove(B group), combined lesion(C group), combined lesion with groove and deep chamfer margin(D group) and combined lesion with groove and shoulder(E group), and each design had 10 cavities. After the cavities were restored with GIC, they were immersed in 0.5% basic fuchsin solution for 6 hours. The specimens were washed thoroughly and sectioned longitudinally in a buccolingual direction through the center of the restorations. The degree of marginal leakage was measured as the extent of dye penetration under the stereoscope. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The enamel margins of all groups showed lesser leakage than dentin/cementum margins(p<0.05). 2. The combined lesion(C group) showed more leakage than notch shape(A group), but there was no significant difference(p>0.05). 3. In the notch shape, there was no influence on the marginal leakage by the groove preparation. 4. In the combined lesion, marginal leakage was decreased by the groove preparation and marginal modification.

만성정신질환의 욕구에 대한 수요자와 공급자 측면의 비교연구(Ⅰ) : 만성정신질환자의 정신보건 욕구사정 도구 개발 예비 연구 The Development of Needs Assessment Tool for Mental Health of Chronically Mentally Ill(Preliminary Study)

이종국,한은선,안강호,김명식,김장배,손봉희,이주호 용인정신의학연구소 1999 용인정신의학보 Vol.6 No.2

대도시 생활지역의 환경교육 사례 연구

이민부,한주엽,장의선 한국지리환경교육학회 2002 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.10 No.1

대도시 내의 생활지역과 같은 여러 소지역의 자연 및 인공환경을 이해하는 작업은 각 생활지역별 또는 도시 전체범위로 발생하는 환경문제에 대한 올바른 개념형성과 의사결정을 위하여 반드시 이루어져야 한다. 선행 문헌연구와 경관분석은 지역 환경교육 내용을 구성하고, 그의 교수-학습을 위한 주요 접근법이다. 또한 생활지역과 인근지역의 환경요소들은 효과적인 환경교육의 학습자료 및 내용으로 구성 될 수 있다. 현재의 있는 그대로의 지역 환경경관을 관찰하는 것이 도시의 환경교육 내용을 구성하는 데에서 중요하다. 지역 환경교육의 내용과 조사범위 지정, 주요 환경지표를 위한 교수활동은 조사지역에 대한 선행연구 분석, 경관분석에서 교사의 역할이 매우 큰 비중을 차지한다는 것을 뜻한다. 부산광역시의 좌천동·수정동·초량동 일대에 대한 환경학습 사례에서는 교사의 연구에 의한 학습자료의 구성과 제시가 학습자활동을 효과적으로 활성화시킬 수 있다는 관점 하에 구성하였다. 이러한 사례는 어느 특정 지역의 교사가 지역 간 교사들의 모임이나 학술활동을 통하여 다른 지역의 환경 정보를 얻으며 풍부한 환경교육의 자료로 이용할 수 있는 발판이 된다. Understanding of the natural and artificial environments of the living areas in the metropolitan region must be worked out for the right conception-building and decision-making about the environmental issues in their local living area together with the city as a whole. Bibliographical regional studies and landscape analyses are important in constructing and learning contents of the regional and environmental education. The environmental elements of living area and its neighboring area can be fieldsurveyed a nd mapped for the learning materials. The present environmental state of the region’s landscape is important in the construction of the city’s environmental contents. The study of previous works and landscape analysis on the study area are rather the teacher’s job for setting up the range and content of the regional environmental education and presenting major environmental indices to the student. As in a case of Jowacheon, Sujeong and Choryang-dong of Busan metropolitan city, just field work on the natural and artificial landscapes reveals many regional and environmental phenomena. For approaches to more materials of case studies, the teacher in local school has to collect other regions’ environmental informations through meetings for local teachers and academic activities.

장애 영·유아 조기발견 및 진단·평가 방안 연구

이미선,강병호,김주영,조광순 국립특수교육원 2001 연구보고서 Vol.- No.6

본 연구는 유아특수교육 분야에 있어 장애영·유아 조기발견 및 진단·평가의 중요성을 인식하고, 조기발견 및 진단-평가의 대상이 되는 우리 나라 유아특수교육 대상자의·새로운 정의와 기준 및 장애영·유아 조기발견 및 진단·평가 방안을 모색함으로써 향후 이들의 장애를 예방하거나 최소화하고, 교육 및 가족의 삶의 질을 향상시키며, 궁극적으로는 이들의 사회통합 강화와 국가 예산의 절감 효과를 가져오도록 하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위해 본 연구에서는 장애영·유아 사정 단계별 개념과 절차 및 최근의 사정 동향과 쟁점, 우리 나라와 주요 선진국의 장애영·유아 조기발견 및 진단·평가 정책과실제에 관한 문헌을 분석하였고, 유아특수교육기관의 교사, 유아특수교육기관에 재학하고 있는 장애영·유아 부모, 그리고 기타 장애영·유아 조기발견 및 진단·평가 관련 전문가를대상으로 심층면담을 실시하였으며, 연구자 협의회를 개최하였다. 본 연구는 문헌분석, 심층면담 분석 및 연구자 협의회 결과를 모두 종합하여 다음과 같은 방안을 제시하였다. 첫째, 1차 예방적 접근에 따라 우리 나라 유아특수교육 대상자의 새로운 정의와 기준을규정하되, 비범주적 접근인 '발달지체'라는 개념을 도입한다. 따라서, "장애영·유아"는 유아특수교육을 필요로 하는 만 6세 미만의 아동을 말하며, 인지발달, 언어(의사소통) 발달,사회·정서발달, 운동발달, 자조기술(적응행동)에 심각한 발달지체를 나타내는 경우로서 발달지체 기준에 부합하는 경우, 의학적 진단에 의한 장애 조건, 기타 심리·정신적 문제를 가진 아동 및 장애위험 아동을 포함한다. 이 때, 발달지체를 판정할 수 있는 기준으로서 양적 기준과 질적 기준을 모두 사용한다. 둘째, 장애아동을 조기에 발견하기 위해 조기발견 정책은 발견·등록 및 관리·진단 대상 아동의 정의, 대중 인식 프로그램의 실시, 의뢰체계 구축, 주 선별담당 기관에 의한 주기적인 선별검사 실시, 해당 아동의 등록·관리, 장애 가능성이 있는 아동의 진단 의뢰,조기발견에 대한 인식 유지 활동 등의 절차에 의해 체계적으로 이루어지도륵 한다. 셋째, 장애영 유아 특성에 적절한 진단·평가 절차와 방법에 관한 지침을 개발하고, 아동 및 부모 모두에게 중요한 의사결정이 이루어지는 유아특수교육 대상자의 적격성 판정 및교육기관 배치를 위한 진단 단계와 IEP 개발을 위한 평가 단계의 최소한의 중요 요소는 법규로 제정하며, 보다 구체적인 진단·평가 절차와 방법은 각 시·도 교육과정 편성·운영지침이나 지역교육청의 장학 자료로 사용될 수 있도록 널리 보급한다. 또한, 현재 시범 운영되고 있는 특수교육지원센터는 수요자들의 접근성 및 인적·물적 자원의 이용이 용이한특수학교에 우선 설치한다. 특수교육지원센터는 진단·평가팀을 구성하여 운영하되, 한정된 예산 및 전문가의 활용 가능성 등을 고려하여 진단·평가팀 구성원의 탄력적인 조직,연중 상시의 진단보다는 연중 정해진 날의 질단 실시, 의학적 진단을 포함한 다양한 분야의 종합적인 진단이 이루어지도록 한다. 진단·평가팀은 종합적인 진단 결과에 기초하여아동의 유아특수교육 대상자로서의 적격성과 교육기관 배치를 결정하도록 한다. 넷째, 선별, 진단, 교육 프로그램 계획, 아동의 진전 점검 등 각 사정 단계에 따른 다양한 사정도구 즉, 선별검사, 표준화 규준참조형 사정도구, 교육과정중심 사정도구를 국가차원의 지원 하에 개발하거나 외국의 것을 재표준화한다. 또한, 다양한 비형식적 가족진단 검사를개발하여 가족 요구,관심사 및 강점 등을 사정할 수 있도록 한다. 다섯째, 아동을 조기에 발견하고, 발견된 아동을 정화하게 진단하며, 이들에게 적절한중재 프로그램을 계획하기 위해 유아(특수)교육 교사나 관련 전문가들을 대상은로 하늘 선별요원 양성 과정, 유차특수교육 교사를 대상으로 한 장애영 '유아 진단'평가요원 연수과정을 개선하여 실시한다. 또한, 의료 보건 전문의를 비롯한 유아특수교육 관련 분얀의 전문가들이 다양한 분야의 전문가들을 서로 만나서 토의하고 협력할 수 있는 연수 혹은 워크숍의 기회를 제공하고, 이들의 직전교육을 강찬한다. 사정 과정에 있어 교사를 포함한 관련 전문가들은 가족참여의 중요성을 인식하곤, 가족과 동반자적인 관계를 구축하고 긴밀하게 협력하며, 가족을 다학문적팀의 완전한 구성원으로 인정해야 한다. 또한, 사정 과정에 가족들이 보다 적극적으로 참여할 수 있도록 부모에게 친숙한 사정 자료를 사용하거나 교사와 부모간의 사정 결과를 공유하는 등 다양한 전략을 사용하도록 한다. 마지막으로, 장애위험 영·유아 및 장애영아를 무상의 유아특수교육 대상자로 포함시키되, 순차적으로 실시하며, 장애아동의 조기발견, 진단·평가 및 이에 따른 교육 서비스가 효율적으로 이루어지도록 중앙정부 수준부터 지역사회 수준에 이르기까지 관련 부처간 협력체계를 구축하고, 이를 위해 관련 부처간 혹은 관련 기관간 협의체를 구성한다. 또한, 장애아동의 조기발견 정책을 보다 효율적으로 추진할 수 있도록 조기발견 시범사업을 실시 하고 이에 대한 예산을 지원하도록 한다. 조기발견 시범사업에 의해 도출된 선별의 효과, 비용 및 참여율 등의 평가 결과는 추후 조기발견 사업 계획에 적극 반영하도록 한다. Based on the recognition of the importance of early detection(child-find and screening) of ifants and preschoolers with disabilities along with their . diagnosis, and evaluation in the field of early childhood special education, the purpose of this study is to set a new definition and eligibility criteria for those who are subject to early detection, diagnosis, and evaluation; and to find strategies that will help early detecaon, diagnosis, and evaluation in order to henceforth prevent or minimize their disability, improve the quality of education of infants and preschoolers with disabilities and their families' living and eventually strengthen their social integration and reduce the national budget. To achieve the purpose of this study, Iiterature related to the concept and procedure of assessment by stage of ifants and preschoolers with disabilities, along with the recent tendencies and issues, policies and practices of child-find, screening, diagnosis, program planning, and program evaluation of infants and preschoolers with disabilities in Korea and developed nations were analyzed; in-depth interviews were conducted with teachers from education institutions for ifants and preschoolers with disabitities, mothers whose children attend the institutions, and other specialisls who are relevant to the field of early detection, diagnosis, and evaluation of infants and preschoolers with disabilities; and conferences by the researchers of this study were held several times. Putting together the results from the aforementioned analysis of literature, in-depth interviews, and conferences, this study presents the following strategies. First, according to the primary prevention appreach, form the new definition of children who receive early childhood special education and eligibility criteria for early childhood special education, but introduce the notion of "developmerltal delay" which is an un-categorical approach. Therefore, infants and preschoolers with disabilities refer to children under age 6 who need early childhood special education, and this includes children who show developmental delays in cognitive development, language(communication) development, social-emetional development, physical developent, and self-help stills(adaptive behaviors) that meet the criteria for developmental delays pesented in this study, children who are medically diagnosed to have disabled conditions, children who have other psychological or mental poblems, and children at risk Here, both quantitative and qualitative standards are used as the criteria to determine developental delays. Secorid, in order to detect children with disabilities at an early stage, systematic pocedures should be introduced in the policr of early detection such as defining the children who is subject to discovery, registration and tracking, and diagnosis; providing pblic awareness programs; establishing referral systems; carrying out screening tese that will be conducted periodically by the main sneening institution; registering and tracking pertinent children; referring children who show possibilities of disabilities to be diagnesed; and maintaining awareness on early detection. Third, develop guidelines for diagnosis and evaluation that are appropriate to the characteristics of infents and preschoolers with disabilities; regulate by law and regulation the minimum important elements that relate to·assessment process for diagnosis to make an eligibility and placement decision of the childreri who will receive early childhood special education, which will be important decision-making both for the children and parents and that relate to the assessment pocess for IEP development; and spread more detailed pocedures and mrthods so that they can be used as guidelines for the developerlt and management of the curriculum at the metropolitan and provinrial level or as materials for supervision at regional level. In addition establish special education support centers, which are currently being operated as the model, at special schools that are easily accessible by demanders and that are easy to acquire human and material resources. Special education support centers should form and operate multidisciplinary assessment teams. However, they should take in consideration aspects such as limited budget and availability of multidisciplinaiy specialists, and make flexible composition of assessment teams, operating on fixed days throughout the year rather than ordinary times year round, and making comprehensive diagnosis of various fields, including medical diagnosis. The assessment teams should allow the compehensive diagnosis results to be the basis of eligibility for a subject to receive early childhood special edtlcation and for placement of education institiltions. Fourth, develop various instruments aided by the government such as screening tests, standardized nom-referenced assessment instruments, assessment curriculum-based assessment instruments, or re-standardize appopriate foreign assessment instruments for each assessment stage, which indudes stages such as screening, diagnosis, program planning, and progress monitoring. Furthermore, develop various informal family diagnosis instruments to assess the family’s piorities, concerns, and strengths. Fifth, in order to find children with disabilities at an early stage; correctlydiagnose the discovered children; and plan appropriate inteuention program forthenL provide early childhood (special) education teachers and pe.tinent specialistswith training programs that teach the process of screening. Allow early childhoodspecial education teachers to receive training programs that teach how to diagnoseand evaluate infanc and peschoolers with disabilities. Ill additiof povide the opportunities of in-service training or wortshops so that specialists in various fieldsrelating to early childhood special education, including medical care professionals, can meet to discuss and cooperate, and strengthen their pre-service training programs. Teachers and specialists should be aware of the importance of flmily participation in the assessment process, and they should build partnership, keep close cooperation, and acknowledge the family as a full meuber of the multidisciplinaly assessment team. They should also allow the parents and other flmily members to participate even more actively by strategies such as usirg assessment materials that is familiar to the parents or having joint ownership of the assessment results between parents and teachers. Last, include infants and preschoolers at risk of disabilities and infants wilh disabilities as the subjects to receive free early childhood special education, but conduct it gradually. Also, establish collaborative systems among those from fields of education, medical service, and welfare from the central government to the regional level, so that early detection, diagnosis, evaluation of children with disabilities and education services can run effectively, and for this there must be a council of collaboration among related departments or institutions. Moreover, to promote an even more effective policy to find children with disabilities at an early stage, a model program for early detection should be conducted and the budget for this should be granted. Evaluation results such as screening effectiveness, budget used, and the rate of participation in the screening should be deduced from the model program, and afterwards positively reflected in the project of the early detection programs.

粉飾會計의 實態와 解決方案에 관한 연구

이선복,강주훈 東西大學校 2002 동서논문집 Vol.8 No.-

The purpose of this study is to provide the possible scheme to prevent the accounting fraud after analyzing the current fraudulent accounting practices in Korea. Accounting fraud can be defined as the manipulation of the financial statements such as the intentional increase or decrease in the net income by inflating the assets and sales or deflating the liabilities. In 1999 following the IMF Crisis, the number of the accounting fraud was the highest during the 10 years and after that the numbers of accounting fraud showed a line of decrease. The numbers of the company which increase the net income was 4 times more than that of the companies which decrease the net income by the manipulation of the financial statements. Companies manipulated the financial statements by changing the depreciation method, evaluating the foreign assets and liabilities, deferring income tax and evaluating the long-term investment. Even though this study does not provide the solution for prventing the accounting fraud, we tried to set up the possible scheme to prevent the fraudulent accounting practices. Which would be by enforcing a new ethic of the CEO's responsibility, improving the accounting standards and external audit committee, and changing the legal regulation.

반정량 식품섭취빈도조사지를 이용한 한국노인의 영양섭취 실태조사

이해정,박선주,김정희,김초일,장경자,임경숙,김경원,최혜미 대한지역사회영양학회 2003 대한지역사회영양학회지 Vol.8 No.3

The aim of this study was to assess the nutrient intakes of the elderly subjects in Korea. Dietary assessment was carried out using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ) developed by our laboratory, which included 98 commonly consumed food items selected from 1998 National Health and Nutritional Survey for Korean population. Subjects (n = 2,660) aged 50yr and over were recruited in Seoul, 6 metropolitan cities, and 8 mid-size cities. Calcium and riboflavin intakes of the elderly subjects aged 65 yr and over (n = 1,974) were much lower compared with Korean RDA. Nutrient intakes of the three age group (50 - 64 yr, 65 - 74 yr, 75 yr and over) were decreased as age increased in male and female elderly. Nutrient intakes of male elderly, 75 yr and over, were significantly decreased while in female elderly nutrient intakes were gradually decreased as age increased. Over 30% of the elderly subjects did not meet 75% RDA for calcium, iron, vitamin A, and riboflavin. The proportion of the elderly subjects whose intakes were below 75% RDA was much higher than the elderly whose intakes were above 125% RDA, especially among the elderly aged 75 yr and over. This study revealed that the Korean elderly had inadequate intakes for many nutrients. This will cause a serious nutritional problem for the elderly.

성인 자원자에서 B방식 초음파를 이용해 측정한 경동맥 내막중막두께의 분포

이선규,황희영,김형식,장미선,이은주,강문호,고광곤 대한순환기학회 1999 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.29 No.11