정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

산소소비속도를 이용한 퇴비화 미생물의 활성도 평가

정연구,김진수 금오공과대학교 산업기술개발연구원 2000 産業技術開發硏究 Vol.16 No.-

Composting reaction usually proceeds under the dynamic change of some operating conditions such as pH, temperature and ammonia content. The pH value is usually maintained at low level during the initial stage of reaction, resulted from the active decomposition of easily degradable organic materials. The low pH gradually goes up to 8.5~9.0 with a production of ammonia. Along with these changes of operating conditions, reaction temperature also increases to 60℃ or even higher. As pH and temperature increase, the fraction of free ammonia that is responsible for the microbial inhibition also increases. As a results, active production of ammonia could inhibit the microbial activity in composting reaction. We investigated the effects of ammonia on the microbial activity in compost using oxygen consumption rate. The microbial activity of compost was found to be decreased with an increase of ammonia content in compost regardless of water content and temperature. It was also found that water content and temperature had greater effects on the microbial activity than the ammonia content. Additionally, the cumulative amount of oxygen consumed in biological reaction was successfully simulated with a modified Gompertz equation developed in this study.

임부의 연령에 따른 보완대체요법에 관한 인식 태도 경험 비교 연구

김연진,김지연,노경민,신혜리,유예지,이지민,장희조,정아인,최소정,강숙정,이향연,민혜영 이화여자대학교 간호과학대학 2016 이화간호학회지 Vol.- No.50

Purpose: This study aims to test if the age of pregnant women affects the perception, experience, and attitude towards complementary alternative therapy (CAT), by investigating the perception, experience, and attitude of pregnant women under the age of 35, and above 35 (Advanced Maternal Age). The study will 1) find the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35 2) compare the perception, behavior, and experience of pregnant women under and over the age of 35, and 3) find the comparison of the perception, behavior, and experience according to the general characteristics of pregnant women under and over the age of 35. Method: The subjects of this study are composed of 44 women under the age of 35 and 44 women above the age of 35, totaling 88 pregnant women visiting midwiferies, obstetrics and gynecology, and baby fairs in Seoul and Gyeong-Gi area. Data for this study was collected from November 28, 2015 to January 6, 2016 for 40 days. The collected data analyzed mean, standard deviation, t test, ANOVA, and chi-square by using SPSS 23.0. Result Results show that there is a significant difference in the perception, attitude, and experience of the two-sample groups in the use of CAT. The question of “what is most necessary when applying CAT in a hospital clinical environment” for the perception criteria came out with the results of t=9.980, p<.05. For the attitude, results showed that the answers of pregnant women under the age of 35 displayed a more positive attitude towards CAT. (t=2.421, p<.05) Lastly, in the experience section, pregnant women under the age of 35 showed more CAT use than the other sample group. Conclusion Results have shown that there is a difference in the perception, behavior, and experience between the two sample groups. Therefore further research on the efficacy and the adverse effects of CAT needs to be done.

백서 Paraquat 두여에 의한 간과 폐 조직의 산화성 손상에서 Vitamin C와 Deferoxamine의 항산화 효과에 관한 연구

정연권,서길준,정중식,정성은,최국진,윤여규 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.4

Background: The toxicity of paraquat has been known to be caused by oxygen free radicals which leads to the lipid peroxidation and multiple organ failure. Although vitamin C has been known to be a potent antioxidant, recently there are numerous data which have shown that a low dose of vitamin C may act as a prooxidant due to the stimulation of the Fenton reaction with metal ions, which produces hydroxyl radicals. It has been reported that a deferoxamine in paraquat intoxication could reduce the production of the hydroxyl radicals by the inhibition of the Fenton reaction through the reduction of iron ion in tissue. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the high and low dose of vitamin C and deferoxamine on lipid peroxidation and plasma TNF-α in paraquat intoxication. Methods: Female Sprague -Dawley rats were divided into seven groups: control group which was not given paraquat(20 mg/kg), P group which was given paraquat only, PVH group given paraquat and high dose of vitamin C(100 mg/kg), PVL group given paraquat and low dose of vitamin C(10 mg/kg), PVHD given paraquat, high dose of vitamine C and deferoxamine(100 mg/kg), PVLD given paraquat, low dose of vitamin C and deferoxamine, and PD given paraquat and deferoxamine. Animals were killed at 6 and 24 hours after treatment. Malondialdehyde(MDA), superoxide dismutase(SOD) and glutathione(GSH) contents, catalase activity, plasma TNF-α, and histologic changes in the lung and liver tissue were measured. Results: The lung histology in the PVH and PD or PVHD groups showed the significant decreases in the alveolar edema and interstitial thickness compared to the P group. The liver histololgy in the PVH and PVHD groups demonstrated marked differences in the central venous and sinusoidal dilatation compared to that of the P group. While the MDA levels of the lung and liver in the PVH and PD groups showed the significant reduction compared to that of the P group at 6 hours after treatment, all groups showed the significant changes compared to the P group at 24 hours. There was no significant change of the SOD levels of the lung and liver at 6 hours among all groups. At 24 hours, the SOD levels of the lung in PVH, PVL, and PVHD groups showed the significant increases compared to the P group. The increase of the SOD level in groups combined with deferoxamine, however, revealed a little reduction. The SOD level of the liver in PVH group only significantly increased compared to the P group at 24 hours. There was no significant change of the GSH level of the lung and liver among all groups at 6 hours. At 24 hours, the GSH level of the lung and liver were significantly increased in both PVH and PD group and PVH group, respectively, compared to the P group. Although the catalase activity of the lung was not significantly increased, that of liver was signiflcantly increased in both PVHD and PD groups compared to the P group at 6 hours. The catalase activities of the lung and liver were significantly increased in PVH, PD, and PVHD at 24 hours. The concentrations of the plasma TNF-α were slightly decreased at 6 hours and slightly increased at 24 hours compared to that of the P group, but they were not significant. Conclusion: This study showed that although the low dose of vitamin C had no effect, the high dose of vitamin C revealed a decrease of the MDA level and an increase of SOD, GSH, and catalase activity in the lung and liver tissues, and the effect of the high dose of vitamin C increased with time. The administration of the deferoxamine with or without high dose of vitamin C, however, significantly showed the inhibition of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant effect and low dose vitamin C decreased the effect of deferoxamine. The effects of the vitamin C and deferoxamine on plasma TNP-α were not clearly shown.

실과 재배영역의 실습에 대한 초등교사들의 인식

진익수,정연옥 晋州敎育大學校 初等敎育硏究所 2003 初等敎育硏究 Vol.13 No.-

미세 패턴에서 공정 여유도를 고려한 선폭 분석

정연운,조선영,오진경,오혜근 漢陽大學校 工學技術硏究所 1997 工學技術論文集 Vol.6 No.1

The linewidth variation with different process variables, such as exposure dose, thickness of PR, thickness of thin film, and the optical property of thin film, was studied for deep UV light and resist developed 0.25 μm isolated line pattern. We found that the PR thickness which gave minimum linewidth showed larger exposure latitude and smaller linewidth variation compared to the PR thickness which gave maximum linewidth. Thus it will provide better process latitude and smaller linewidth variation if we use this PR thickness.

초등학교 과학 수업에서 발생 학습 모형의 적절성 분석

정병석,장연수,정진우 한국교원대학교 과학교육연구소 1997 청람과학교육연구논총 Vol.7 No.1

The major purpose of this study was to analysis the appropriateness of generative learning model in primary science teaching. For this study, 41 children were selected from the 6th grade, and the model was applied to the samples for nine weeks(26hours) Various of teaching analysis tools and testing papers such as analysis framework for teaching, questionnaire for surveying conceptions, science inquiry ability and scientific interest etc were used. The conclusions of the study are as follows: Making a teaching plan for generative learning is required much time to the teachers, but it is useful in science teaching for using continuously this generative learning model is much better effective in applying for a long run. Because it's teaching strategy is almost discussion method it is vary interesting and understandable for students to take a science class. Also, generative learning model is vary effective in changing to conceptions, for example, such as surface change cased by earthquake and intensity of magnetic fields. This model is partially appropriateness for improving in science process skills and scientific attitude and interest to students. In a world, application for generative learning model is appropriateness in changing children's ideas, but it is requires much for a long per.

선천성 결손치에 관한 임상적 연구

정해경,양연미,김재곤,백병주,정진우,김하나,김미아 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.2

The congenital missing of teeth is common, which takes place since the proliferation and differentiation are not allowed in that tooth bud fail to start development. The purpose of this study is to research incidence rate, number, and missing part of congenital missing teeth, and to study whether a person who has missing teeth has other abnormality of teeth or not. For this study, 1,520 subjects(aged 2.9~17) who had visited pediatric dentist department of Chonbuk national university dental hospital within 2 years were examined with an panoramic radiograph ; exempting third molar missing state. The obtained results are as follows. 1. 8.88% among total subjects show missing teeth ; male 9.05%, female 8.64% 2. The most frequently missing permanent teeth were the mandibular second premolars(22.3%). The most frequently missing primary teeth are mandibular lateral incisors(50%). 3. 43.3% patients have one permanent missing tooth, 34.3% have two, and 10.4% have more than six, respectively. In primary teeth, 86.7% patients have one missing tooth, and 13.3% have two missing teeth. 4. 18 patients(13.3%) have missing teeth as well as hyperdontia, while some patients have microdont, ectopic eruption, and fusion teeth. 치아의 선천성 결손은 치배의 발육이 시작되지 못하여 치아의 증식, 분화가 일어나지 못함으로서 발생하는 흔한 치아의 발육 이상이다. 이 연구의 목적은 선천성 결손치의 발생률, 결손치의 수, 발생부위와 결손치 환자에게서 나타난 다른 치아이상의 발생여부를 조사하는 것이다. 본 연구는 2006년 7월부터 2008년 6월까지 전북대학교 소아치과에 내원하여 파노라마를 촬영한 1,520명의 환자(2.9~17세)를 대상으로 제 3 대구치를 제외한 선천성 결손치의 분포를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 전체 1,520명 중 총 8.88%에서 결손치가 관찰되었으며, 남자가 9.05%, 여자가 8.64%에서 결손치가 관찰되었다. 2. 총 350개의 영구 결손치 중 하악 제 2 소구치가 22.3%로 가장 발생률이 높았고, 하악 측절치, 상악 제 2 소구치, 하악 중절치, 상악 측절치 순이었다. 또한 총 18개의 유치 결손치 중 하악 유측절치가 가장 높은 발생률(50%)을 보였다. 3. 1개의 영구치 결손치를 가지는 환자는 43.3%, 2개는 34.3%, 3개는 6,7%, 4개는 1.5%, 5개는 3.7%, 6개 이상은 10.4%이었다. 또한 유치 결손치의 수는 1개는 86.7%, 2개는 13.3%이었다. 4. 결손치가 있는 환자 중 과잉치를 가지는 환자는 18명(13.3%)이 있었으며, 왜소치, 이소맹출, 융합치 등의 치아이상을 지닌 환자도 관찰되었다.

학습부진아동의 열등감 감소를 위한 집단미술치료의 효과 분석

이진숙,정경연 釜山大學校 敎育硏究所 2006 敎育硏究 Vol.16 No.1

대학생들의 다이어트 식습관 실태 조사

김연정,문진아,왕수경 대전대학교 기초과학연구소 2010 自然科學 Vol.21 No.-

대전대학교 교양과목으로 개설된 ‘식생활과 다이어트’ 교과목을 수강하는 남녀 학생 151 명을 대상으로 다이어트 경힘과 함께 그들의 식습관을 알아온 결과는 다음과 같다 조사대상자는 남학생 81 명과 여학생 70명으로 총 151 명이었다. 남학생들의‘식생활과 다이어트’ 수강동기는 식생활 전반에 대해 공부하고 싶다는 응답이 여학생들은 특히 다이어트에 관심이 있어서 라고 응답한 학생이 가장 높아 유의적 차이를 보였다 여학생 중 51 .4%, 남학생 중54.3%는 다이어트에 대한 경험이 있었으며, 다이어트 해 본 시기는 남학생은 대학교 때 여학생은 고등학교 때가 가장 높게 나타나 유의적 차이를 보였다. 다이어트 정보는 남학생과 여학생 모두 인터넷과 경험 있는 친구 나 선배를 통해서가 가장 높게 나타났다. 남녀 학생의 평균 운동 시간은 유의적 차이를 보여 남학생은 주 1 - 3시간 운동하는 학생이 가장 많았고 여학생들의 주 1 시간미만 운동하는 학생이 많았다. 식생활 태도에 대한 조사에서 아침 식사를 하지 않는 학생이 남녀 각각 19.6%. 18.6%로 나타났다. 남학생이 여학생보다 과식하는 경향을 보였으며 간식을 먹는 횟수는 여학생이 많았다. 조사대상자 자신의 식생활의 개선점으로 남녀 학생이 각각 56 .4%와 47.0%가 불규칙한 식사로 답하였다. 이상의 결과로 남녀 학생들이 다이어트에 대한 관심도가 높았고 식습관에 문제가 있어 “식생활과 다이어트”과목을 수강함으로써 식습관과 다이어트 과목을 통한 영양교육이 효과가 있을 것으로 본다. In th is study, 151 students(male were 81 and female were 70enrolled in ‘' Food and Diet course were asked about their diet experiences and food habits . In the question asking the reasons for taking this‘' Food and Diet'class , most male subjects answered they enrolled 'to learn about overall knowledge’, whereas female students answered ' special interest in diet’' led to taking th is class. 67 .1 %of women and 64.2% of men said they put effort to maintain weight. Also , 51 .4%of female and 54.3% of male have experience of diet. The period of diet was most frequent in University for men (33 .3%) and in high school for women (47.1 %). Diet information was gathered from internet of from friends with previous experiences for both genders . It showed students gain little through reading nutrition related books , percentage was low for men and women (3 .7%. 1.4%, respectively). For diet methods. 40% of the subjects in total said they do diet through exercise. Female subjects showed that they've tried many different methods such as yoga and diet therapy . 53 .1 % of male and55.7% of female answered the diet was effective and lost weight. In the questionnaire about the dietary life and habits. percentage of the subjects who do not eat breakfast was 19.6% for men and 18.6% for women. The frequency of excessive eating and taking snacks was higher in men and it showed statistically meaningful result. From above results , we can conclude that the interest in diet was high in both gender and they both have problems regarding eating habits. 80 by taking ‘' Food and Diet’' class , it is predicted that this course will have educational effect on students 'eating habits and their diet.