Piezoelectric Materials: All‐Solution‐Processed Flexible Thin Film Piezoelectric Nanogenerator (Adv. Mater. 45/2012)

Chung, Sung Yun,Kim, Sunyoung,Lee, Ju‐,Hyuck,Kim, Kyongjun,Kim, Sang‐,Woo,Kang, Chong‐,Yun,Yoon, Seok‐,Jin,Kim, Youn Sang WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2012 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.24 No.45

<P>An all‐solution‐processed flexible piezoelectric nanogenerator, composed of polycrystalline ZnO thin film and functional polymer layers such as P3HT/PCBM and PEDOT:PSS, generates energy through a mechanical rolling and muscle stretching system. On page 6022, Youn Sang Kim, Sang‐Woo Kim, and co‐workers show that this all‐solution‐processed nanogenerator is feasible as a piezoelectric patchable device and is promising for use in future energy harvesters such as wearable human patches and mobile electronics. </P>

서울의 PPNG 발생 빈도(1991-1992)

김재홍,윤기범,박평원,김영진,전경민,김영태,김중환,곽호,구상완,송민석,유옥,지혜구,김동원,문상은,박영립,정승호,성범진,성순제,엄주용,황정열,이기홍,이주협,전태진 대한화학요법학회 1994 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.12 No.1

The prevalence of PPNG among pretreated gonorrhea cases isolated at the STD clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul has been studied and reported annually since 1981. In 1991, 123 strains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 58(47.1%) were PPNG. In 1992, 98 starains of N.gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 51(52.0%) were PPNG. In all, 109(49.3%) strains were found to be PPNG among 221 strains isolated between 1991-1992. The prevalence of PPNG in Seoul showed increased tendency till 1989, thereafter, it has been stationary or slightly decreasing.

아침형-저녁형의 측정을 위한 한국어판 조합척도의 교차 타당화

이형영,윤진상,국승희 大韓神經精神醫學會 1999 신경정신의학 Vol.38 No.2

연구목적 : 일주기 리듬의 유형을 분류하는 설문지는 일주기 리듬을 연구하고, 교대근무의 적응력을 예측하기 위해 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 Smith 등 (1989)의 조합척도를 한국어판으로 표준화한 윤진상 등(1997)의 한국어판 조합척도(Korean translation of Composite Scale : KtCS)를 실제 직장인들에게 적용할 수 있는 지를 확인하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 간호사 115명(순환교대 근무자 85명, 주간고정 근무자 70명)과 여대생 247명을 대상으로 KtCS와 생활습관 설문지(Life Habit Questionnaire : LHQ)를 배포하였다. 간호사 군과 여대생 군 각각에 대해 KtCS 점수의 분포도를 검증하고 백분위 10이하의 점수를 받은 군을 저녁형, 백분위 90이상의 점수를 받은 군을 아침형, 그 중간의 점수를 받은 군을 중간형으로 정의하였다. 두 군 각각에서 KtCS 점수의 내적 일치도를 구하고, 요인 분석을 하였으며, 일주기 리듬의 유형에 따른 생활습관의 차이를 분석하였다. 결 과 : 간호사 군과 여대생 군 각각의 KtCS 점수는 부적으로 편포되어 있었으나 유의하지는 않았고, KtCS의 평균점수에서도 유의한 차이가 없었다. 간호사 군에서 Cronbach alpha는 .836이었으며, “취침과 가상의 선호시간”, “아침의 각성”, “기상시간”의 세 요인이 추출되었는데, 문항 11이 요인 1에 추가적으로 부하된 경우 외에는 본 연구의 여대생 군 및 윤진상 등 (1997)의 요인분석 결과와 거의 동일하였다. 여대생 군에서 KtCS의 내적 일치도는 Cronbach alpha .787이었고, “취침과 기상의 선호시각”, “기상시각”, “아침의 각성” 세 요인이 추출되었다. 또한 간호사 군과 여대생 군 각각의 생활습관에서도 일주기 리듬간에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 즉 각성, 수행, 업무 혹은 학습효과가 최고조에 이르는 시간대는 저녁형이 가장 늦고, 다음이 중간형, 아침형 순이었으며, 오전 학습효과는 아침형이, 저녁의 학습효과는 저녁형이 가장 높았으나, 오후의 학습효과에서는 저녁형과 아침형 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 취침시각과 기상시각은 저녁형이 가장 늦었지만, 총 수면시간에서는 저녁형, 중간형, 아침형 간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결 론 : 간호사에서 KtCS의 심리측정 속성은 여대생에서의 분포도, 내적 일치도, 타당도가 매우 유사하였고, 윤진상 등(1997)의 연구결과와도 유사하여서, KtCS 활용의 일반화 가능성이 시사된다. Objectives : It is necessary to develop a questionnaire to classify the circadian rhythm for studying circadian rhythms and predicting shift work adaptability. This study attempted to confirm the general applicability of “Korean translation of Composite Scale : KtCS)” by Jin-Sang Yoon et al(1997), a Korean version of Composite Scale(CS) by Smith et al(1989). Methods : KtCS and Life Questionnaire(LHQ) were administered to 155 nurses(65 rotating shift nurses,, 70 nurses on a fixed day schedule) and 247 female university students. We tested the distribution of KtCS scores and then subjects were categorized on the basis of their KtCS scores into evening(E), intermediate(I), and morning(M) types. Cut-off points for these categories were set at the 10th and 90th percentiles. We obtained the results of the internal consistency and the structure of factors of KtCS. We also compared the difference of life habits according to the circadian rhythm types. Results : In both groups, nurses and female university students, the distributions of KtCS score were negatively skewed but not significantly and the KtCS mean score was not significantly different. In nurses, Cronbach's alpha was 0.836, and three extracted factors were ‘preferred times of performance and going to bed’, ‘rising time’ and ‘morning alertness’. In female university students, Cronbach's alpha was 0.787, and the same three factors as nurses were confirmed. However, only item 11 was loaded to factor 1 for the nurse group, whereas it was loaded to factor 2 for the student group. Life habits significantly differed among the three circadian rhythm types. The time of perceived peak alertness(mental and physical) was the latest in the E-type. The quality of academic performance during the morning was the highest in the M-type, and during the evening it was the highest in the E-type, but during the afternoon there was no significant differences among the three types. The bedtime and the rising time were latest in E-type, but the sleep lengths were not significantly different among the three types in both groups. Conclusion : The psychometric properties of KtCS in nurses were very similar to those of female university students and the previous findings of Jin-Sang Yoon et al(1997). This result supports that KtCS can be generally applied.

서울의 Penicillinase Producing Neisseria Gonorrhoeae 발생빈도(1996)

김재홍,황동규,전재홍,김윤석,김중환,김용준,이창균,임동진,김현수,조창근,김경문,박상훈,전우형,김희성,이호정,차명수,김갑형,김형석,김석우,황지환,박병순,권오상,이민수,송기훈,성소영,이인섭,부태성 대한화학요법학회 1999 대한화학요법학회지 Vol.17 No.2

Background : In recent years, gonorrhea has been panedemic and remains one of the most commom STDs in the world, especially in developing countries. Objective & Methods: For the detection of a more effective therapeutic regimen and assessing the prevalence of PPNG, we have been trying to study the patients who have visited the VD Clinic of Choong-Ku Public Health Center in Seoul since 1980 by means of the chromogenic cephalosporin method. Results: In 1996, 139 strains of N. gonorrhoeae were isolated, among which 53(39.0%) were PPNG. Conclusion: Our results suggests that after a peak of 74.3% in 1993, the prevalence of PPNG in Seoul is gradually declining.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

유도선수들의 개인별 특성에 따른 성취동기에 미치는 영향 : mainly university students

윤익선,김진표,권성준 龍仁大學校 武道硏究所 2002 武道硏究所誌 Vol.13 No.1

This investigation used questionnaire which amended and made up for TSMI(Taikyo Sport Motivation Inventory) to verify what effect judo champions personal trait has on accomplishment motive. The subject of the study was 406 men, women judo champion's in Seoul and Kyung-Ki province. The personal trait which is an independent variation was set up as sexual distinction, grade, athlete career, economic standard, record of winning a prize and weight. According to this, the dependent variable for accomplishment motive to find out about accomplishment motive was foxed as competition, ambition, effort and self-confidence and the result of the research is followed as below. Firstly, there seemed to exist a significant difference in competition(p<.001), standard of ambition(p<.006) and self confidence(p.006) in accomplishment motive according to sexual distinction. Secondly, a significant difference in standard of ambition(p<.001) existed among the dependent variable of accomplishment motive according to grade. Result of Scheffe's pre-verification was that significant difference seemed to exist in 4th grade with the 1st and 3rd grade. Thirdly, all of the dependent variable; competition(p<.001), standard of ambition(p<.001), effort(p<.003) and self confidence(p.006) showed significant difference in accomplishment motive according to athlete's career. Scheffe's pre-verification showed that significant difference in competition existed in between 5-8 years and 8-10 years, and significant difference in standard of ambition in between 3-5 years and 8-10 years and also 3-5 years and 5-8년 and over 10 years group existed. Also significant difference in effort showed in 5-8 years and 8-10 years. Fourthly, the accomplishment motive according to the economic levels showed significant difference only in standard of ambition(p<.05) which is a dependent variable. Fifthly, The accomplishment motive according to the career of winning a prize showed a significant difference in competition(p<.01), ambition(p<.01) and effort(p<.05) among the dependent variable, and also Scheffe's pre-verification showed a significant difference in more than 7 times, less than 3times and less than 7 times in ambition. Sixthly, the accomplishment motive according to weight showed a significant difference in competition(p<.001) and effort(p<.05) among the dependent variable, and Scheffe's pre-verification showed significant difference in middle weight class with the lightweight and middle lightweight class in competition.

Apoptosis and necroptosis‑inducing effects of arctigenin on nasal septum carcinoma RPMI‑2650 cells in 2D and 3D culture

Yoon‑Jin Lee,Kwan‑Sik Park,Byoung Joon Baek,Kyong‑Ae Lee,Sang‑Han Lee 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2020 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.16 No.1

Backgrounds Arctigenin derived from the seeds of Arctium lappa Linnaeus is known as an anticancer drug candidate by targeting various pathways involved in anticancer therapy. Methods Using 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid culture systems in nasal septum carcinoma RPMI-2650 cells, the effects of arctigenin and dexamethasone on cell viability, ROS levels, ATP level, mitochondrial function, apoptosis and necroptosis were examined. Results The combination treatment of both compounds induced strong cytotoxicity, accompanied by increases of sub-G0/ G1 peak, annexin V-PE-positive cells, and ROS levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and decrease of cellular ATP content. These changes were observed as simultaneous induction of DNA damage, apoptosis, and necroptosis. A series of changes by arctigenin and dexamethasone were efficiently restored by decreasing ROS levels or supplementing ATP. Treatment of 3D spheroids with arctigenin and dexamethasone decreased cell viability in the spheroids, but it was slightly resistant than cells under 2D conditions. In addition, this phenomenon was accompanied by an increase in mediators for both apoptosis and necroptosis. Conclusion Results of this study suggest that the apoptosis and necroptosis-inducing effects of arctigenin are associated with ATP depletion due to oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction.

입원중인 정신분열증 환자의 약물거부 : 투약거부자와 순응자의 비교

윤진상,김중원 大韓神經精神醫學會 1988 신경정신의학 Vol.27 No.1

Hospitalized patients with schizophrenic disorder may directly refuse their offered antipsychotic medication. This study was designed to compare the refusers with the compliers in relation to some of the potential risk factors contributing to the refusal. The factors included in the present study were 1) sociodemographic characteristics, 2) the level of psychopathology by the BPRS, 3) the level of satisfaction with therapeutic team and ward environment, 4) the schedule of drug administration, 5) the side effects requiring readjustment of the drug, and 6) the subjective response to current medication. 23 hospitalized psychiatric patients who overtly refused antipsychotic medication, and who according to DSM-Ⅲ were diagnosed as suffering from schizophrenic disorder, were recognized as the refusers. A sample of 23 compliers, who willingly accepted antipsychotic medication, was matched for age(±5years), sex, diagnosis, treatment ward and length of current hospitalization (±7days). The data was mainly collected by the investigator's semistructured interview with the patients and by review of medical records. The resurlts were as follow. 1) There was no significant difference in education, marital status, illness duration, frequency of previous psychiatric hospitalization, and type of admission between the two groups. 2) Raings on the BPRS showed the refusers were significantly (p<0.01) more symptomatic than the compliers. The refusers had significantly higher scores on the BPRS for anxiety (p<0.05), emotional withdrawal (p<0.005), depressive mood(p<0.05), hostility (p<0.05), uncooperativeness(p<0.001), motor retardation (p<0.05), and blunted affect (p<0.01). 3) Although there was no significant difference in the level of satisfaction with therapeutic team and ward environment between the two groups, both groups in general demonstrated satisfaction with the therapeutic team and dissatisfaction with ward environment. 4) Comparison of the prescribed neuroleptic dose per day in Chlorpromazine equivalents for the refusers and compliers showed no significant difference, while the total number of tablets and the frequency of administration each day were significantly (p<0.05, respectively) greater and more frequent in the refusers than in the compliers. 5) Severe side effects requiring readjustment of the current drugs were significantly (p<0.05) more frequently identified in the refusers than in the compliers. 6) Subjective response to their current antipsychotic medication was dysphoric in both groups, but significantly (p<0.05) more dysphoric in the refusers than in the compliers. In summary, our study reveals that drug refusal may result not only from the irrational symptoms of the patients, but also from their reasonable objections. So these findings need to be considered in order to enhance the understanding of drug refusal. In so doing, we might not only improve the clinical aspect of prevention and management of drug refuser, but also safeguard the patient's rights both to receive and to refuse medication.

인장력을 받는 CT형강 고력볼트 접합부의 감소계수 U값에 관한 연구

윤성호,김진숙,김원식,신영록,김보영,최문식 대한건축학회 2003 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.23 No.2(구조계)

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate the validity of code equation and table to calculate the reduction coefficient for effective net area in the limit state design code of steel structure and offer the basic research data for the effective net area of tee shape members in tension. The experimental tests were performed by loading the specimens through the flange with high strength bolt. Length of connection, number of bolt and the eccentricity are the parameters in test. According to result, the failure loads in test is less than predicted loads and it well showed when the predicted loads are based on reduction coefficient of the table in code. The lateral buckling of stem occurred in the members with big eccentricity and it reduce the failure loads. Therefore, we thought that an additional tests and research on the factors of effective net area is required.

체내 납부담의 지표로서 누적 혈중 납량과 누적 혈중 ZPP가 납 관련 신기능에 미치는 영향

윤강호,김남수,김진호,김화성,이병국 대한산업의학회 2006 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.18 No.4

목적: 체내 납부담의 지표로서 누적 혈중 납량과 누적 혈중 ZPP가 납관련 신기능에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 678명의 납 작업자들을 대상으로 본 연구를 시도하였다. 방법: 누적 혈중 납량과 누적 혈중 ZPP는 입사시부터 매 1년간의 혈중 납량과 혈중 ZPP를 누적하여 구하였다. 입사시기가 1983년 이전인 납 작업자의 경우는 최초 혈중 납량과 최초 혈중 ZPP를 그 이전의 값으로 추정하여 구하였다. 체내 납부담의 지표로서 골중 납량과 DMSA착화납량을 측정하였으며, 최근의 납 노출 지표로서는 혈중 납량과 혈중 ZPP를 측정하였다. 신기능을 평가하는 지표로서는 임상 신기능 지표로서 BUN과 혈청 creatinine을 측정하였고, 신기능 조기지표로는 NAG (N-acetyl-D- glucosamide)와 RBP (Retinol binding protein)를 측정하였다. 결과: 혈중 납량과 혈중 ZPP의 누적지수와 골중 납량과는 결정계수(r²)는 각각 0.72와 0.567로서 유의한 상관이 있었으며 이들 누적지수와 골중 납량은 곡선형적 모델이 더 적합하였다. 신기능 지표들을 종속변수로 하고 성, 연령, 직력 및 음주와 흡연을 통제한 후 혈중 납량과 혈중 ZPP를 독립변수로 한 중회귀분석에서 혈중 납량은 4개의 신기능 지표들 중 지수 변환한 NAG와만 유의한 관련이 있는 반면, 혈중 ZPP는 지수변환한 NAG를 제외한 신기능 지표들과 유의한 관련이 있었다. 한편 신기능 지표들을 종속변수로 하고 연령 및 직력과 음주와 흡연을 통제한 후 체내 납 부담노출지표들을 독립변수로 한 중회귀분석에서 골중 납량과 혈중 ZPP 누적지수는 4개의 신기능 지표들과 유의한 관련이 있는 반면, DMSA 착화납량과 혈중 납량 누적지수는 BUN을 제외한 신기능 지표들과 유의한 관련이 있었다. 결론: 상기한 결과로 보아 혈중 납량과 혈중 ZPP의 누적지수는 체내 납부담의 지표로서 효용성이 입증되었으며, 특히 혈중 ZPP의 누적지수가 혈중 납량의 누적지수보다 체내 납부담의 대리지표로서 더 좋은 것으로 나타났다. Objective: To evaluate the possibility of cumulative blood lead and blood ZPP as surrogates of lead body burden and to investigate their association with renal function as an index of lead body burden. Methods: The study subjects comprised 678 lead workers with past blood lead and blood ZPP data from their employment. Cumulative blood and ZPP were calculated by accumulating the every year mean value of both indices from the new employment since 1983. To assess the cumulative data of lead workers who started their lead work before 1983, the years before 1983 were simulated with the first available data from 1983. Study variables for lead body burden were tibia bone lead and DMSA chelatable lead, whereas those for current lead biomarkers were blood lead and blood ZPP. BUN and serum creatinine were selected as clinical renal biomarkers, while NAG (N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) and RBP (Retinol binding protein) were selected as early renal biomarkers. Results: The association between cumulative blood lead and blood ZPP with tibia bone lead was statistically significant with determinant coefficients (r²) of 0.72 and 0.567, respectively, and their relationships were better explained by the curvilinear regression model. In multiple regression analysis of current lead biomarkers on the renal biomarkers after controlling for possible confounders (age, sex, job duration, smoking and drinking status), blood lead was associated only with log-transformed NAG, whereas blood ZPP was associated with 3 other renal biomarkers. On the other hand, in multiple regression analysis of biomarkers of lead body burden on renal biomarkers after controlling for possible confounders (age, sex, job duration, smoking and drinking status), cumulative blood ZPP and tibia bone lead were associated with all 4 renal function biomarkers, whereas cumulative blood lead and DMSA chelatable lead were associated with 3 renal biomarkers except BUN. Conclusion: Cumulative blood and ZPP were demonstrated to be good surrogates of lead burden. Furthermore, the cumulative blood ZPP was confirmed to have a better association than the cumulative blood lead.